Document (#37463)

Author

Liu, D.-R.
Lai, C.-H.
Chen, Y.-T.

Title

Document recommendations based on knowledge flows : a hybrid of personalized and group-based approaches

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 63(2012) no.10, S.2100-2117

Year

2012

Abstract

Recommender systems can mitigate the information overload problem and help workers retrieve knowledge based on their preferences. In a knowledge-intensive environment, knowledge workers need to access task-related codified knowledge (documents) to perform tasks. A worker's document referencing behavior can be modeled as a knowledge flow (KF) to represent the evolution of his or her information needs over time. Document recommendation methods can proactively support knowledge workers in the performance of tasks by recommending appropriate documents to meet their information needs. However, most traditional recommendation methods do not consider workers' KFs or the information needs of the majority of a group of workers with similar KFs. A group's needs may partially reflect the needs of an individual worker that cannot be inferred from his or her past referencing behavior. In other words, the group's knowledge complements that of the individual worker. Thus, we leverage the group perspective to complement the personal perspective by using hybrid approaches, which combine the KF-based group recommendation method (KFGR) with traditional personalized-recommendation methods. The proposed hybrid methods achieve a trade-off between the group-based and personalized methods by exploiting the strengths of both. The results of our experiment show that the proposed methods can enhance the quality of recommendations made by traditional methods.

Similar documents (author)

1. Chen, Y.N.; Chen, S.J.: ¬A metadata practice of the OFLA FRBR model : a case study for the National Palace Museum in Taipai (2004) 4.35

   4.3499155 = sum of:
     4.3499155 = weight(author_txt:chen in 3384) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       4.3499155 = fieldWeight in 3384, product of:
         1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
           2.0 = termFreq=2.0
         6.1517096 = idf(docFreq=255, maxDocs=44218)
         0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=3384)
   

2. Chen, C.C.; Chen, H.H.; Chen, K.H.: ¬The design of the XML/Metadata management system (2000) 4.00

   3.9956524 = sum of:
     3.9956524 = weight(author_txt:chen in 4633) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       3.9956524 = fieldWeight in 4633, product of:
         1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
           3.0 = termFreq=3.0
         6.1517096 = idf(docFreq=255, maxDocs=44218)
         0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=4633)
   

3. Chen, W.Y.: Observations on cataloguing and classification (1991) 3.84

   3.8448186 = sum of:
     3.8448186 = weight(author_txt:chen in 4184) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       3.8448186 = fieldWeight in 4184, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         6.1517096 = idf(docFreq=255, maxDocs=44218)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=4184)
   

4. Chen, H.: Knowledge-based document retrieval : framework and design (1992) 3.84

   3.8448186 = sum of:
     3.8448186 = weight(author_txt:chen in 5283) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       3.8448186 = fieldWeight in 5283, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         6.1517096 = idf(docFreq=255, maxDocs=44218)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=5283)
   

5. Chen, P.S.: On inference rules of logic-based information retrieval systems (1994) 3.84

   3.8448186 = sum of:
     3.8448186 = weight(author_txt:chen in 6731) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       3.8448186 = fieldWeight in 6731, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         6.1517096 = idf(docFreq=255, maxDocs=44218)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=6731)
   

Similar documents (content)

1. Lai, C,-H.: Applying knowledge flow mining to group recommendation methods for task-based groups (2015) 1.51

   1.5076351 = sum of:
     1.5076351 = product of:
       2.0939376 = sum of:
         0.022212673 = weight(abstract_txt:proposed in 1667) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.022212673 = score(doc=1667,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07710536 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0007215 = boost
               4.6093135 = idf(docFreq=1196, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             0.2880821 = fieldWeight in 1667, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.6093135 = idf(docFreq=1196, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1667)
         0.091194734 = weight(abstract_txt:proactively in 1667) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.091194734 = score(doc=1667,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.15691116 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0094454 = boost
               9.298992 = idf(docFreq=10, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             0.581187 = fieldWeight in 1667, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.298992 = idf(docFreq=10, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1667)
         0.014393372 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 1667) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.014393372 = score(doc=1667,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.04254146 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0512164 = boost
               2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             0.33833754 = fieldWeight in 1667, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1667)
         0.11021541 = weight(abstract_txt:worker's in 1667) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.11021541 = score(doc=1667,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.17803371 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0752441 = boost
               9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             0.6190705 = fieldWeight in 1667, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1667)
         0.044150773 = weight(abstract_txt:tasks in 1667) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.044150773 = score(doc=1667,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.096745975 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.120953 = boost
               5.1630983 = idf(docFreq=687, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             0.45635772 = fieldWeight in 1667, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.1630983 = idf(docFreq=687, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1667)
         0.045344125 = weight(abstract_txt:behavior in 1667) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.045344125 = score(doc=1667,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.09848151 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1309627 = boost
               5.2092032 = idf(docFreq=656, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             0.46043286 = fieldWeight in 1667, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.2092032 = idf(docFreq=656, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1667)
         0.043037247 = weight(abstract_txt:recommendations in 1667) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.043037247 = score(doc=1667,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11983408 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2475591 = boost
               5.746245 = idf(docFreq=383, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             0.3591403 = fieldWeight in 1667, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.746245 = idf(docFreq=383, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1667)
         0.038059413 = weight(abstract_txt:document in 1667) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.038059413 = score(doc=1667,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.10031037 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.397943 = boost
               4.2926083 = idf(docFreq=1642, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             0.37941656 = fieldWeight in 1667, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.2926083 = idf(docFreq=1642, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1667)
         0.03431079 = weight(abstract_txt:traditional in 1667) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03431079 = score(doc=1667,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11794194 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5158306 = boost
               4.654601 = idf(docFreq=1143, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             0.29091257 = fieldWeight in 1667, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.654601 = idf(docFreq=1143, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1667)
         0.1458514 = weight(abstract_txt:referencing in 1667) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.1458514 = score(doc=1667,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.21459244 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6694682 = boost
               7.689554 = idf(docFreq=54, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             0.679667 = fieldWeight in 1667, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               7.689554 = idf(docFreq=54, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1667)
         0.031821314 = weight(abstract_txt:based in 1667) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.031821314 = score(doc=1667,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.09220809 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.730316 = boost
               3.1879277 = idf(docFreq=4958, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             0.3451033 = fieldWeight in 1667, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.1879277 = idf(docFreq=4958, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1667)
         0.1802138 = weight(abstract_txt:personalized in 1667) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.1802138 = score(doc=1667,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.28285453 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.3474596 = boost
               7.208251 = idf(docFreq=88, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             0.6371254 = fieldWeight in 1667, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               7.208251 = idf(docFreq=88, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1667)
         0.11013756 = weight(abstract_txt:needs in 1667) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.11013756 = score(doc=1667,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.17794986 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.4037526 = boost
               4.428664 = idf(docFreq=1433, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             0.6189247 = fieldWeight in 1667, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               4.428664 = idf(docFreq=1433, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1667)
         0.17460886 = weight(abstract_txt:group in 1667) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.17460886 = score(doc=1667,freq=7.0), product of:
             0.21627626 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.6499968 = boost
               4.8823442 = idf(docFreq=910, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             0.80734175 = fieldWeight in 1667, product of:
               2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                 7.0 = termFreq=7.0
               4.8823442 = idf(docFreq=910, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1667)
         0.318259 = weight(abstract_txt:recommendation in 1667) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.318259 = score(doc=1667,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.36101714 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.0623147 = boost
               7.0524964 = idf(docFreq=103, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             0.88156205 = fieldWeight in 1667, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               7.0524964 = idf(docFreq=103, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1667)
         0.11508143 = weight(abstract_txt:knowledge in 1667) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.11508143 = score(doc=1667,freq=8.0), product of:
             0.18323602 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.0853636 = boost
               3.5527887 = idf(docFreq=3442, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             0.62805027 = fieldWeight in 1667, product of:
               2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
                 8.0 = termFreq=8.0
               3.5527887 = idf(docFreq=3442, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1667)
         0.12658124 = weight(abstract_txt:methods in 1667) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.12658124 = score(doc=1667,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.21842194 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.1510339 = boost
               4.146752 = idf(docFreq=1900, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             0.5795262 = fieldWeight in 1667, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               4.146752 = idf(docFreq=1900, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1667)
         0.44846448 = weight(abstract_txt:workers in 1667) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.44846448 = score(doc=1667,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.45375982 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.8384328 = boost
               7.071914 = idf(docFreq=101, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             0.98833007 = fieldWeight in 1667, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               7.071914 = idf(docFreq=101, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1667)
       0.72 = coord(18/25)
   

2. Wu, I.-C.: Toward supporting information-seeking and retrieval activities based on evolving topic-needs (2011) 0.33

   0.32765818 = sum of:
     0.32765818 = product of:
       0.68262124 = sum of:
         0.019425528 = weight(abstract_txt:approaches in 4545) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.019425528 = score(doc=4545,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.077077426 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0005401 = boost
               4.6084785 = idf(docFreq=1197, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             0.25202617 = fieldWeight in 4545, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.6084785 = idf(docFreq=1197, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4545)
         0.03887218 = weight(abstract_txt:proposed in 4545) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03887218 = score(doc=4545,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.07710536 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0007215 = boost
               4.6093135 = idf(docFreq=1196, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             0.50414366 = fieldWeight in 4545, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               4.6093135 = idf(docFreq=1196, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4545)
         0.012594202 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 4545) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.012594202 = score(doc=4545,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.04254146 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0512164 = boost
               2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             0.29604536 = fieldWeight in 4545, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4545)
         0.054633796 = weight(abstract_txt:tasks in 4545) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.054633796 = score(doc=4545,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.096745975 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.120953 = boost
               5.1630983 = idf(docFreq=687, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             0.5647139 = fieldWeight in 4545, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               5.1630983 = idf(docFreq=687, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4545)
         0.028055247 = weight(abstract_txt:behavior in 4545) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.028055247 = score(doc=4545,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09848151 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1309627 = boost
               5.2092032 = idf(docFreq=656, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             0.2848783 = fieldWeight in 4545, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.2092032 = idf(docFreq=656, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4545)
         0.023548061 = weight(abstract_txt:document in 4545) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.023548061 = score(doc=4545,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10031037 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.397943 = boost
               4.2926083 = idf(docFreq=1642, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             0.23475201 = fieldWeight in 4545, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.2926083 = idf(docFreq=1642, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4545)
         0.030021943 = weight(abstract_txt:traditional in 4545) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.030021943 = score(doc=4545,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11794194 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5158306 = boost
               4.654601 = idf(docFreq=1143, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             0.2545485 = fieldWeight in 4545, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.654601 = idf(docFreq=1143, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4545)
         0.022734243 = weight(abstract_txt:based in 4545) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.022734243 = score(doc=4545,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.09220809 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.730316 = boost
               3.1879277 = idf(docFreq=4958, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             0.24655369 = fieldWeight in 4545, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.1879277 = idf(docFreq=4958, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4545)
         0.105568446 = weight(abstract_txt:needs in 4545) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.105568446 = score(doc=4545,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.17794986 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.4037526 = boost
               4.428664 = idf(docFreq=1433, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             0.59324825 = fieldWeight in 4545, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               4.428664 = idf(docFreq=1433, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4545)
         0.050348125 = weight(abstract_txt:knowledge in 4545) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.050348125 = score(doc=4545,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.18323602 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.0853636 = boost
               3.5527887 = idf(docFreq=3442, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             0.274772 = fieldWeight in 4545, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.5527887 = idf(docFreq=3442, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4545)
         0.121329956 = weight(abstract_txt:methods in 4545) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.121329956 = score(doc=4545,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.21842194 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.1510339 = boost
               4.146752 = idf(docFreq=1900, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             0.5554843 = fieldWeight in 4545, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               4.146752 = idf(docFreq=1900, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4545)
         0.17548949 = weight(abstract_txt:workers in 4545) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.17548949 = score(doc=4545,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.45375982 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.8384328 = boost
               7.071914 = idf(docFreq=101, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             0.3867453 = fieldWeight in 4545, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.071914 = idf(docFreq=101, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4545)
       0.48 = coord(12/25)
   

3. Sappelli, M.; Verberne, S.; Kraaij, W.: Evaluation of context-aware recommendation systems for information re-finding (2017) 0.32

   0.32254893 = sum of:
     0.32254893 = product of:
       1.0079654 = sum of:
         0.012873824 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 3528) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.012873824 = score(doc=3528,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.04254146 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0512164 = boost
               2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             0.3026183 = fieldWeight in 3528, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3528)
         0.038059413 = weight(abstract_txt:document in 3528) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.038059413 = score(doc=3528,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.10031037 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.397943 = boost
               4.2926083 = idf(docFreq=1642, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             0.37941656 = fieldWeight in 3528, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.2926083 = idf(docFreq=1642, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3528)
         0.031821314 = weight(abstract_txt:based in 3528) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.031821314 = score(doc=3528,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.09220809 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.730316 = boost
               3.1879277 = idf(docFreq=4958, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             0.3451033 = fieldWeight in 3528, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.1879277 = idf(docFreq=4958, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3528)
         0.20778374 = weight(abstract_txt:worker in 3528) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.20778374 = score(doc=3528,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.27169508 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.8785026 = boost
               8.652365 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             0.7647682 = fieldWeight in 3528, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               8.652365 = idf(docFreq=20, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3528)
         0.38978612 = weight(abstract_txt:recommendation in 3528) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.38978612 = score(doc=3528,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.36101714 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.0623147 = boost
               7.0524964 = idf(docFreq=103, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             1.0796887 = fieldWeight in 3528, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               7.0524964 = idf(docFreq=103, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3528)
         0.070472695 = weight(abstract_txt:knowledge in 3528) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.070472695 = score(doc=3528,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.18323602 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.0853636 = boost
               3.5527887 = idf(docFreq=3442, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             0.38460067 = fieldWeight in 3528, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.5527887 = idf(docFreq=3442, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3528)
         0.05660885 = weight(abstract_txt:methods in 3528) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.05660885 = score(doc=3528,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.21842194 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.1510339 = boost
               4.146752 = idf(docFreq=1900, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             0.259172 = fieldWeight in 3528, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.146752 = idf(docFreq=1900, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3528)
         0.20055941 = weight(abstract_txt:workers in 3528) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.20055941 = score(doc=3528,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.45375982 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.8384328 = boost
               7.071914 = idf(docFreq=101, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             0.44199464 = fieldWeight in 3528, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.071914 = idf(docFreq=101, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3528)
       0.32 = coord(8/25)
   

4. Wu, I.-C.; Liu, D.-R.; Chang, P.-C.: Toward incorporating a task-stage identification technique into the long-term document support process (2008) 0.30

   0.30389595 = sum of:
     0.30389595 = product of:
       0.7597399 = sum of:
         0.031413462 = weight(abstract_txt:proposed in 2115) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.031413462 = score(doc=2115,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.07710536 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0007215 = boost
               4.6093135 = idf(docFreq=1196, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             0.4074096 = fieldWeight in 2115, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.6093135 = idf(docFreq=1196, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2115)
         0.006436912 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 2115) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.006436912 = score(doc=2115,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.04254146 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0512164 = boost
               2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             0.15130915 = fieldWeight in 2115, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2115)
         0.15586813 = weight(abstract_txt:worker's in 2115) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.15586813 = score(doc=2115,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.17803371 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0752441 = boost
               9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             0.8754978 = fieldWeight in 2115, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2115)
         0.044150773 = weight(abstract_txt:tasks in 2115) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.044150773 = score(doc=2115,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.096745975 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.120953 = boost
               5.1630983 = idf(docFreq=687, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             0.45635772 = fieldWeight in 2115, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.1630983 = idf(docFreq=687, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2115)
         0.02691207 = weight(abstract_txt:document in 2115) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.02691207 = score(doc=2115,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10031037 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.397943 = boost
               4.2926083 = idf(docFreq=1642, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             0.26828802 = fieldWeight in 2115, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.2926083 = idf(docFreq=1642, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2115)
         0.03431079 = weight(abstract_txt:traditional in 2115) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03431079 = score(doc=2115,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11794194 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5158306 = boost
               4.654601 = idf(docFreq=1143, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             0.29091257 = fieldWeight in 2115, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.654601 = idf(docFreq=1143, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2115)
         0.025981994 = weight(abstract_txt:based in 2115) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.025981994 = score(doc=2115,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.09220809 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.730316 = boost
               3.1879277 = idf(docFreq=4958, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             0.28177565 = fieldWeight in 2115, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.1879277 = idf(docFreq=4958, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2115)
         0.0696571 = weight(abstract_txt:needs in 2115) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0696571 = score(doc=2115,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.17794986 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.4037526 = boost
               4.428664 = idf(docFreq=1433, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             0.3914423 = fieldWeight in 2115, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.428664 = idf(docFreq=1433, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2115)
         0.081374854 = weight(abstract_txt:knowledge in 2115) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.081374854 = score(doc=2115,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.18323602 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.0853636 = boost
               3.5527887 = idf(docFreq=3442, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             0.4440986 = fieldWeight in 2115, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               3.5527887 = idf(docFreq=3442, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2115)
         0.28363383 = weight(abstract_txt:workers in 2115) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.28363383 = score(doc=2115,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.45375982 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.8384328 = boost
               7.071914 = idf(docFreq=101, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             0.6250748 = fieldWeight in 2115, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               7.071914 = idf(docFreq=101, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2115)
       0.4 = coord(10/25)
   

5. Wu, I.-C.; Liu, D.-R.; Chang, P.-C.: Learning dynamic information needs : a collaborative topic variation inspection approach (2009) 0.24

   0.24435428 = sum of:
     0.24435428 = product of:
       0.76360714 = sum of:
         0.022212673 = weight(abstract_txt:proposed in 3293) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.022212673 = score(doc=3293,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07710536 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0007215 = boost
               4.6093135 = idf(docFreq=1196, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             0.2880821 = fieldWeight in 3293, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.6093135 = idf(docFreq=1196, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3293)
         0.014393372 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 3293) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.014393372 = score(doc=3293,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.04254146 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0512164 = boost
               2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             0.33833754 = fieldWeight in 3293, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3293)
         0.24644916 = weight(abstract_txt:worker's in 3293) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.24644916 = score(doc=3293,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.17803371 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0752441 = boost
               9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             1.3842837 = fieldWeight in 3293, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               9.905128 = idf(docFreq=5, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3293)
         0.032261338 = weight(abstract_txt:perspective in 3293) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.032261338 = score(doc=3293,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.098886944 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1332883 = boost
               5.219915 = idf(docFreq=649, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             0.32624468 = fieldWeight in 3293, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.219915 = idf(docFreq=649, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3293)
         0.12064965 = weight(abstract_txt:needs in 3293) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.12064965 = score(doc=3293,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.17794986 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.4037526 = boost
               4.428664 = idf(docFreq=1433, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             0.677998 = fieldWeight in 3293, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               4.428664 = idf(docFreq=1433, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3293)
         0.070472695 = weight(abstract_txt:knowledge in 3293) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.070472695 = score(doc=3293,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.18323602 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.0853636 = boost
               3.5527887 = idf(docFreq=3442, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             0.38460067 = fieldWeight in 3293, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.5527887 = idf(docFreq=3442, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3293)
         0.05660885 = weight(abstract_txt:methods in 3293) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.05660885 = score(doc=3293,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.21842194 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.1510339 = boost
               4.146752 = idf(docFreq=1900, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             0.259172 = fieldWeight in 3293, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.146752 = idf(docFreq=1900, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3293)
         0.20055941 = weight(abstract_txt:workers in 3293) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.20055941 = score(doc=3293,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.45375982 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.8384328 = boost
               7.071914 = idf(docFreq=101, maxDocs=44218)
               0.016716106 = queryNorm
             0.44199464 = fieldWeight in 3293, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.071914 = idf(docFreq=101, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3293)
       0.32 = coord(8/25)