Document (#37430)

Author

Virgilio, R. De
Cappellari, P.
Maccioni, A.
Torlone, R.

Title

Path-oriented keyword search query over RDF

Source

Semantic search over the Web. Eds.: R. De Virgilio, et al

Imprint

Berlin : Springer

Year

2012

Pages

S.81-107

Series

Data-centric systems and applications

Abstract

We are witnessing a smooth evolution of the Web from a worldwide information space of linked documents to a global knowledge base, where resources are identified by means of uniform resource identifiers (URIs, essentially string identifiers) and are semantically described and correlated through resource description framework (RDF, a metadata data model) statements. With the size and availability of data constantly increasing (currently around 7 billion RDF triples and 150 million RDF links), a fundamental problem lies in the difficulty users face to find and retrieve the information they are interested in. In general, to access semantic data, users need to know the organization of data and the syntax of a specific query language (e.g., SPARQL or variants thereof). Clearly, this represents an obstacle to information access for nonexpert users. For this reason, keyword search-based systems are increasingly capturing the attention of researchers. Recently, many approaches to keyword-based search over structured and semistructured data have been proposed]. These approaches usually implement IR strategies on top of traditional database management systems with the goal of freeing the users from having to know data organization and query languages.

Theme

Semantic Web

Similar documents (content)

1. Zenz, G.; Zhou, X.; Minack, E.; Siberski, W.; Nejdl, W.: Interactive query construction for keyword search on the Semantic Web (2012) 0.19

   0.1879734 = sum of:
     0.1879734 = product of:
       0.67133355 = sum of:
         0.11133701 = weight(abstract_txt:sparql in 1430) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.11133701 = score(doc=1430,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.20899986 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1672446 = boost
               8.523414 = idf(docFreq=23, maxDocs=44421)
               0.021007316 = queryNorm
             0.53271335 = fieldWeight in 1430, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.523414 = idf(docFreq=23, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1430)
         0.03496045 = weight(abstract_txt:approaches in 1430) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03496045 = score(doc=1430,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1216506 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2593921 = boost
               4.5981455 = idf(docFreq=1215, maxDocs=44421)
               0.021007316 = queryNorm
             0.2873841 = fieldWeight in 1430, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.5981455 = idf(docFreq=1215, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1430)
         0.037235223 = weight(abstract_txt:search in 1430) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.037235223 = score(doc=1430,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.1152708 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.501444 = boost
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.021007316 = queryNorm
             0.3230239 = fieldWeight in 1430, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1430)
         0.11594778 = weight(abstract_txt:query in 1430) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.11594778 = score(doc=1430,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.19509599 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9533211 = boost
               4.754492 = idf(docFreq=1039, maxDocs=44421)
               0.021007316 = queryNorm
             0.5943115 = fieldWeight in 1430, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               4.754492 = idf(docFreq=1039, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1430)
         0.065298826 = weight(abstract_txt:users in 1430) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.065298826 = score(doc=1430,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.14643893 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9541014 = boost
               3.5672934 = idf(docFreq=3408, maxDocs=44421)
               0.021007316 = queryNorm
             0.44591168 = fieldWeight in 1430, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               3.5672934 = idf(docFreq=3408, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1430)
         0.23754112 = weight(abstract_txt:keyword in 1430) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.23754112 = score(doc=1430,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.3147018 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.4808419 = boost
               6.038507 = idf(docFreq=287, maxDocs=44421)
               0.021007316 = queryNorm
             0.7548134 = fieldWeight in 1430, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               6.038507 = idf(docFreq=287, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1430)
         0.069013126 = weight(abstract_txt:data in 1430) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.069013126 = score(doc=1430,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.19143327 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.7363596 = boost
               3.3302255 = idf(docFreq=4320, maxDocs=44421)
               0.021007316 = queryNorm
             0.3605075 = fieldWeight in 1430, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.3302255 = idf(docFreq=4320, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1430)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)
   

2. Baker, T.: ¬The concepts of knowledge organization systems as hubs in the Web of data (2011) 0.18

   0.17516385 = sum of:
     0.17516385 = product of:
       0.7298494 = sum of:
         0.19978093 = weight(abstract_txt:uris in 810) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.19978093 = score(doc=810,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.21109223 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1730728 = boost
               8.565973 = idf(docFreq=22, maxDocs=44421)
               0.021007316 = queryNorm
             0.9464153 = fieldWeight in 810, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               8.565973 = idf(docFreq=22, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=810)
         0.20290728 = weight(abstract_txt:triples in 810) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.20290728 = score(doc=810,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.21328878 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1791604 = boost
               8.610425 = idf(docFreq=21, maxDocs=44421)
               0.021007316 = queryNorm
             0.95132655 = fieldWeight in 810, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               8.610425 = idf(docFreq=21, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=810)
         0.0396335 = weight(abstract_txt:organization in 810) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0396335 = score(doc=810,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11398067 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2190442 = boost
               4.450832 = idf(docFreq=1408, maxDocs=44421)
               0.021007316 = queryNorm
             0.34772125 = fieldWeight in 810, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.450832 = idf(docFreq=1408, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=810)
         0.055761516 = weight(abstract_txt:resource in 810) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.055761516 = score(doc=810,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14311308 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3659774 = boost
               4.987297 = idf(docFreq=823, maxDocs=44421)
               0.021007316 = queryNorm
             0.38963258 = fieldWeight in 810, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.987297 = idf(docFreq=823, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=810)
         0.18196025 = weight(abstract_txt:identifiers in 810) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.18196025 = score(doc=810,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.3148526 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.0260842 = boost
               7.3974023 = idf(docFreq=73, maxDocs=44421)
               0.021007316 = queryNorm
             0.57792205 = fieldWeight in 810, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.3974023 = idf(docFreq=73, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=810)
         0.04980593 = weight(abstract_txt:data in 810) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.04980593 = score(doc=810,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.19143327 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.7363596 = boost
               3.3302255 = idf(docFreq=4320, maxDocs=44421)
               0.021007316 = queryNorm
             0.26017386 = fieldWeight in 810, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.3302255 = idf(docFreq=4320, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=810)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)
   

3. Arenas, M.; Cuenca Grau, B.; Kharlamov, E.; Marciuska, S.; Zheleznyakov, D.: Faceted search over ontology-enhanced RDF data (2014) 0.16

   0.15746364 = sum of:
     0.15746364 = product of:
       0.5623701 = sum of:
         0.021877822 = weight(abstract_txt:access in 3207) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.021877822 = score(doc=3207,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07669946 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.6510832 = idf(docFreq=3134, maxDocs=44421)
               0.021007316 = queryNorm
             0.2852409 = fieldWeight in 3207, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.6510832 = idf(docFreq=3134, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3207)
         0.09413583 = weight(abstract_txt:capturing in 3207) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09413583 = score(doc=3207,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.16104586 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.024622 = boost
               7.48196 = idf(docFreq=67, maxDocs=44421)
               0.021007316 = queryNorm
             0.5845281 = fieldWeight in 3207, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.48196 = idf(docFreq=67, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3207)
         0.1968179 = weight(abstract_txt:sparql in 3207) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.1968179 = score(doc=3207,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.20899986 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1672446 = boost
               8.523414 = idf(docFreq=23, maxDocs=44421)
               0.021007316 = queryNorm
             0.9417131 = fieldWeight in 3207, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               8.523414 = idf(docFreq=23, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3207)
         0.06582319 = weight(abstract_txt:search in 3207) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06582319 = score(doc=3207,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.1152708 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.501444 = boost
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.021007316 = queryNorm
             0.5710309 = fieldWeight in 3207, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3207)
         0.072467364 = weight(abstract_txt:query in 3207) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.072467364 = score(doc=3207,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.19509599 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9533211 = boost
               4.754492 = idf(docFreq=1039, maxDocs=44421)
               0.021007316 = queryNorm
             0.37144467 = fieldWeight in 3207, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.754492 = idf(docFreq=1039, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3207)
         0.04081177 = weight(abstract_txt:users in 3207) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.04081177 = score(doc=3207,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14643893 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9541014 = boost
               3.5672934 = idf(docFreq=3408, maxDocs=44421)
               0.021007316 = queryNorm
             0.2786948 = fieldWeight in 3207, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.5672934 = idf(docFreq=3408, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3207)
         0.070436224 = weight(abstract_txt:data in 3207) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.070436224 = score(doc=3207,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.19143327 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.7363596 = boost
               3.3302255 = idf(docFreq=4320, maxDocs=44421)
               0.021007316 = queryNorm
             0.3679414 = fieldWeight in 3207, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.3302255 = idf(docFreq=4320, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3207)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)
   

4. Fang, L.: ¬A developing search service : heterogeneous resources integration and retrieval system (2004) 0.14

   0.14482507 = sum of:
     0.14482507 = product of:
       0.45257834 = sum of:
         0.017502256 = weight(abstract_txt:access in 2193) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.017502256 = score(doc=2193,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07669946 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.6510832 = idf(docFreq=3134, maxDocs=44421)
               0.021007316 = queryNorm
             0.2281927 = fieldWeight in 2193, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.6510832 = idf(docFreq=3134, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2193)
         0.03496045 = weight(abstract_txt:approaches in 2193) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03496045 = score(doc=2193,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1216506 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2593921 = boost
               4.5981455 = idf(docFreq=1215, maxDocs=44421)
               0.021007316 = queryNorm
             0.2873841 = fieldWeight in 2193, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.5981455 = idf(docFreq=1215, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2193)
         0.07726542 = weight(abstract_txt:resource in 2193) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07726542 = score(doc=2193,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.14311308 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3659774 = boost
               4.987297 = idf(docFreq=823, maxDocs=44421)
               0.021007316 = queryNorm
             0.5398907 = fieldWeight in 2193, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.987297 = idf(docFreq=823, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2193)
         0.037235223 = weight(abstract_txt:search in 2193) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.037235223 = score(doc=2193,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.1152708 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.501444 = boost
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.021007316 = queryNorm
             0.3230239 = fieldWeight in 2193, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2193)
         0.08265276 = weight(abstract_txt:know in 2193) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08265276 = score(doc=2193,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.21589099 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6777263 = boost
               6.1255183 = idf(docFreq=263, maxDocs=44421)
               0.021007316 = queryNorm
             0.3828449 = fieldWeight in 2193, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.1255183 = idf(docFreq=263, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2193)
         0.05797389 = weight(abstract_txt:query in 2193) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.05797389 = score(doc=2193,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.19509599 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9533211 = boost
               4.754492 = idf(docFreq=1039, maxDocs=44421)
               0.021007316 = queryNorm
             0.29715574 = fieldWeight in 2193, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.754492 = idf(docFreq=1039, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2193)
         0.065298826 = weight(abstract_txt:users in 2193) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.065298826 = score(doc=2193,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.14643893 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9541014 = boost
               3.5672934 = idf(docFreq=3408, maxDocs=44421)
               0.021007316 = queryNorm
             0.44591168 = fieldWeight in 2193, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               3.5672934 = idf(docFreq=3408, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2193)
         0.079689495 = weight(abstract_txt:data in 2193) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.079689495 = score(doc=2193,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.19143327 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.7363596 = boost
               3.3302255 = idf(docFreq=4320, maxDocs=44421)
               0.021007316 = queryNorm
             0.41627818 = fieldWeight in 2193, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               3.3302255 = idf(docFreq=4320, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2193)
       0.32 = coord(8/25)
   

5. Schreiber, G.; Amin, A.; Assem, M. van; Boer, V. de; Hardman, L.; Hildebrand, M.; Omelayenko, B.; Ossenbruggen, J. van; Wielemaker, J.; Wielinga, B.; Tordai, A.; Aroyoa, L.: Semantic annotation and search of cultural-heritage collections : the MultimediaN E-Culture demonstrator (2008) 0.14

   0.13665651 = sum of:
     0.13665651 = product of:
       0.68328255 = sum of:
         0.16700551 = weight(abstract_txt:sparql in 646) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.16700551 = score(doc=646,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.20899986 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1672446 = boost
               8.523414 = idf(docFreq=23, maxDocs=44421)
               0.021007316 = queryNorm
             0.79907 = fieldWeight in 646, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.523414 = idf(docFreq=23, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=646)
         0.17217255 = weight(abstract_txt:triples in 646) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.17217255 = score(doc=646,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.21328878 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1791604 = boost
               8.610425 = idf(docFreq=21, maxDocs=44421)
               0.021007316 = queryNorm
             0.8072274 = fieldWeight in 646, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.610425 = idf(docFreq=21, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=646)
         0.07898783 = weight(abstract_txt:search in 646) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07898783 = score(doc=646,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.1152708 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.501444 = boost
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.021007316 = queryNorm
             0.6852371 = fieldWeight in 646, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=646)
         0.08696084 = weight(abstract_txt:query in 646) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08696084 = score(doc=646,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.19509599 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9533211 = boost
               4.754492 = idf(docFreq=1039, maxDocs=44421)
               0.021007316 = queryNorm
             0.4457336 = fieldWeight in 646, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.754492 = idf(docFreq=1039, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=646)
         0.17815584 = weight(abstract_txt:keyword in 646) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.17815584 = score(doc=646,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.3147018 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.4808419 = boost
               6.038507 = idf(docFreq=287, maxDocs=44421)
               0.021007316 = queryNorm
             0.56611 = fieldWeight in 646, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.038507 = idf(docFreq=287, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=646)
       0.2 = coord(5/25)