Document (#37389)

Author

Hjoerland, B.

Title

Is classification necessary after Google?

Source

Journal of documentation. 68(2012) no.3, S.299-317

Year

2012

Abstract

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine challenges facing bibliographic classification at both the practical and theoretical levels. At the practical level, libraries are increasingly dispensing with classifying books. At the theoretical level, many researchers, managers, and users believe that the activity of "classification" is not worth the effort, as search engines can be improved without the heavy cost of providing metadata. Design/methodology/approach - The basic issue in classification is seen as providing criteria for deciding whether A should be classified as X. Such decisions are considered to be dependent on the purpose and values inherent in the specific classification process. These decisions are not independent of theories and values in the document being classified, but are dependent on an interpretation of the discourses within those documents. Findings - At the practical level, there is a need to provide high-quality control mechanisms. At the theoretical level, there is a need to establish the basis of each decision, and to change the philosophy of classification from being based on "standardisation" to being based on classifications tailored to different domains and purposes. Evidence-based practice provides an example of the importance of classifying documents according to research methods. Originality/value - Solving both the practical (organisational) and the theoretical problems facing classification is necessary if the field is to survive both as a practice and as an academic subject within library and information science. This article presents strategies designed to tackle these challenges.

Similar documents (author)

1. Hjoerland, B.: ¬The concept of 'subject' in information science (1992) 4.48

   4.4805427 = sum of:
     4.4805427 = weight(author_txt:hjoerland in 2246) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       4.4805427 = fieldWeight in 2246, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         7.168868 = idf(docFreq=92, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=2246)
   

2. Hjoerland, B.: Subject representation and information seeking : contributions to a theory based on the theory of knowledge (1993) 4.48

   4.4805427 = sum of:
     4.4805427 = weight(author_txt:hjoerland in 7554) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       4.4805427 = fieldWeight in 7554, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         7.168868 = idf(docFreq=92, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=7554)
   

3. Hjoerland, B.: Theory of information science : Reply to Professor Gernot Wersig (1998) 4.48

   4.4805427 = sum of:
     4.4805427 = weight(author_txt:hjoerland in 1403) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       4.4805427 = fieldWeight in 1403, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         7.168868 = idf(docFreq=92, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=1403)
   

4. Hjoerland, B.: Information retrieval, text composition, and semantics (1998) 4.48

   4.4805427 = sum of:
     4.4805427 = weight(author_txt:hjoerland in 1649) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       4.4805427 = fieldWeight in 1649, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         7.168868 = idf(docFreq=92, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=1649)
   

5. Hjoerland, B.: ¬The classification of psychology : a case study in the classification of a knowledge field (1998) 4.48

   4.4805427 = sum of:
     4.4805427 = weight(author_txt:hjoerland in 4783) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       4.4805427 = fieldWeight in 4783, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         7.168868 = idf(docFreq=92, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=4783)
   

Similar documents (content)

1. Conversations with catalogers in the 21st century (2011) 0.23

   0.22704668 = sum of:
     0.22704668 = product of:
       0.6306852 = sum of:
         0.031942327 = weight(abstract_txt:there in 530) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.031942327 = score(doc=530,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.099866435 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0154133 = boost
               4.094086 = idf(docFreq=2012, maxDocs=44421)
               0.024022585 = queryNorm
             0.31985047 = fieldWeight in 530, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.094086 = idf(docFreq=2012, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=530)
         0.022517884 = weight(abstract_txt:based in 530) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.022517884 = score(doc=530,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09055046 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1841972 = boost
               3.1830752 = idf(docFreq=5005, maxDocs=44421)
               0.024022585 = queryNorm
             0.24867775 = fieldWeight in 530, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.1830752 = idf(docFreq=5005, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=530)
         0.055526614 = weight(abstract_txt:providing in 530) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.055526614 = score(doc=530,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14438075 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2209214 = boost
               4.922683 = idf(docFreq=878, maxDocs=44421)
               0.024022585 = queryNorm
             0.3845846 = fieldWeight in 530, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.922683 = idf(docFreq=878, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=530)
         0.06296631 = weight(abstract_txt:challenges in 530) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06296631 = score(doc=530,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.15700519 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2731807 = boost
               5.1333895 = idf(docFreq=711, maxDocs=44421)
               0.024022585 = queryNorm
             0.40104604 = fieldWeight in 530, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.1333895 = idf(docFreq=711, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=530)
         0.038494974 = weight(abstract_txt:both in 530) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.038494974 = score(doc=530,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12946178 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4159551 = boost
               3.8060317 = idf(docFreq=2684, maxDocs=44421)
               0.024022585 = queryNorm
             0.29734623 = fieldWeight in 530, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.8060317 = idf(docFreq=2684, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=530)
         0.062096734 = weight(abstract_txt:purpose in 530) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.062096734 = score(doc=530,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.17806754 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.660623 = boost
               4.4636893 = idf(docFreq=1390, maxDocs=44421)
               0.024022585 = queryNorm
             0.34872574 = fieldWeight in 530, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.4636893 = idf(docFreq=1390, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=530)
         0.1490662 = weight(abstract_txt:facing in 530) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.1490662 = score(doc=530,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.2788868 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.696864 = boost
               6.8416553 = idf(docFreq=128, maxDocs=44421)
               0.024022585 = queryNorm
             0.5345043 = fieldWeight in 530, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.8416553 = idf(docFreq=128, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=530)
         0.10274431 = weight(abstract_txt:practical in 530) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.10274431 = score(doc=530,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.27417237 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.3793585 = boost
               4.7967167 = idf(docFreq=996, maxDocs=44421)
               0.024022585 = queryNorm
             0.3747435 = fieldWeight in 530, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.7967167 = idf(docFreq=996, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=530)
         0.10532985 = weight(abstract_txt:theoretical in 530) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.10532985 = score(doc=530,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.27875295 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.399152 = boost
               4.83662 = idf(docFreq=957, maxDocs=44421)
               0.024022585 = queryNorm
             0.37786093 = fieldWeight in 530, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.83662 = idf(docFreq=957, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=530)
       0.36 = coord(9/25)
   

2. Batley, S.: Classification in theory and practice (2005) 0.21

   0.20767821 = sum of:
     0.20767821 = product of:
       0.64899445 = sum of:
         0.016966736 = weight(abstract_txt:need in 2170) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.016966736 = score(doc=2170,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.103974625 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0360882 = boost
               4.1774464 = idf(docFreq=1851, maxDocs=44421)
               0.024022585 = queryNorm
             0.1631815 = fieldWeight in 2170, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.1774464 = idf(docFreq=1851, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2170)
         0.024220046 = weight(abstract_txt:within in 2170) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.024220046 = score(doc=2170,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.10462492 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0393232 = boost
               4.19049 = idf(docFreq=1827, maxDocs=44421)
               0.024022585 = queryNorm
             0.23149404 = fieldWeight in 2170, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.19049 = idf(docFreq=1827, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2170)
         0.037000373 = weight(abstract_txt:practice in 2170) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.037000373 = score(doc=2170,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.13877863 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1970005 = boost
               4.8262353 = idf(docFreq=967, maxDocs=44421)
               0.024022585 = queryNorm
             0.26661435 = fieldWeight in 2170, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.8262353 = idf(docFreq=967, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2170)
         0.027763307 = weight(abstract_txt:providing in 2170) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.027763307 = score(doc=2170,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14438075 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2209214 = boost
               4.922683 = idf(docFreq=878, maxDocs=44421)
               0.024022585 = queryNorm
             0.1922923 = fieldWeight in 2170, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.922683 = idf(docFreq=878, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2170)
         0.09417465 = weight(abstract_txt:classifying in 2170) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09417465 = score(doc=2170,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.2587068 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6343195 = boost
               6.58948 = idf(docFreq=165, maxDocs=44421)
               0.024022585 = queryNorm
             0.36402076 = fieldWeight in 2170, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               6.58948 = idf(docFreq=165, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2170)
         0.12583557 = weight(abstract_txt:practical in 2170) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.12583557 = score(doc=2170,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.27417237 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.3793585 = boost
               4.7967167 = idf(docFreq=996, maxDocs=44421)
               0.024022585 = queryNorm
             0.45896518 = fieldWeight in 2170, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               4.7967167 = idf(docFreq=996, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2170)
         0.074479446 = weight(abstract_txt:theoretical in 2170) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.074479446 = score(doc=2170,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.27875295 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.399152 = boost
               4.83662 = idf(docFreq=957, maxDocs=44421)
               0.024022585 = queryNorm
             0.267188 = fieldWeight in 2170, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.83662 = idf(docFreq=957, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2170)
         0.24855427 = weight(abstract_txt:classification in 2170) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.24855427 = score(doc=2170,freq=23.0), product of:
             0.3323452 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.465467 = boost
               3.9921594 = idf(docFreq=2228, maxDocs=44421)
               0.024022585 = queryNorm
             0.74787986 = fieldWeight in 2170, product of:
               4.7958317 = tf(freq=23.0), with freq of:
                 23.0 = termFreq=23.0
               3.9921594 = idf(docFreq=2228, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2170)
       0.32 = coord(8/25)
   

3. Wagger, S.; Park, R.; Bedford, D.A.D.: Lessons learned in content architecture harmonization and metadata models (2010) 0.20

   0.20304975 = sum of:
     0.20304975 = product of:
       0.5640271 = sum of:
         0.027401853 = weight(abstract_txt:within in 930) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.027401853 = score(doc=930,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10462492 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0393232 = boost
               4.19049 = idf(docFreq=1827, maxDocs=44421)
               0.024022585 = queryNorm
             0.2619056 = fieldWeight in 930, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.19049 = idf(docFreq=1827, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=930)
         0.025476076 = weight(abstract_txt:based in 930) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.025476076 = score(doc=930,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.09055046 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1841972 = boost
               3.1830752 = idf(docFreq=5005, maxDocs=44421)
               0.024022585 = queryNorm
             0.28134674 = fieldWeight in 930, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.1830752 = idf(docFreq=5005, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=930)
         0.07123825 = weight(abstract_txt:challenges in 930) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07123825 = score(doc=930,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.15700519 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2731807 = boost
               5.1333895 = idf(docFreq=711, maxDocs=44421)
               0.024022585 = queryNorm
             0.4537318 = fieldWeight in 930, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.1333895 = idf(docFreq=711, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=930)
         0.04355209 = weight(abstract_txt:both in 930) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.04355209 = score(doc=930,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.12946178 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4159551 = boost
               3.8060317 = idf(docFreq=2684, maxDocs=44421)
               0.024022585 = queryNorm
             0.33640885 = fieldWeight in 930, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.8060317 = idf(docFreq=2684, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=930)
         0.07240735 = weight(abstract_txt:decisions in 930) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07240735 = score(doc=930,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.19997251 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4368724 = boost
               5.7933846 = idf(docFreq=367, maxDocs=44421)
               0.024022585 = queryNorm
             0.36208653 = fieldWeight in 930, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.7933846 = idf(docFreq=367, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=930)
         0.0848042 = weight(abstract_txt:classified in 930) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0848042 = score(doc=930,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.22219115 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5145947 = boost
               6.106756 = idf(docFreq=268, maxDocs=44421)
               0.024022585 = queryNorm
             0.38167226 = fieldWeight in 930, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.106756 = idf(docFreq=268, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=930)
         0.106546454 = weight(abstract_txt:classifying in 930) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.106546454 = score(doc=930,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.2587068 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6343195 = boost
               6.58948 = idf(docFreq=165, maxDocs=44421)
               0.024022585 = queryNorm
             0.4118425 = fieldWeight in 930, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.58948 = idf(docFreq=165, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=930)
         0.049677383 = weight(abstract_txt:purpose in 930) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.049677383 = score(doc=930,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.17806754 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.660623 = boost
               4.4636893 = idf(docFreq=1390, maxDocs=44421)
               0.024022585 = queryNorm
             0.27898058 = fieldWeight in 930, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.4636893 = idf(docFreq=1390, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=930)
         0.082923435 = weight(abstract_txt:classification in 930) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.082923435 = score(doc=930,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.3323452 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.465467 = boost
               3.9921594 = idf(docFreq=2228, maxDocs=44421)
               0.024022585 = queryNorm
             0.24950996 = fieldWeight in 930, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.9921594 = idf(docFreq=2228, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=930)
       0.36 = coord(9/25)
   

4. Lee, D.; Robinson, L.: ¬The heart of music classification : toward a model of classifying musical medium (2018) 0.20

   0.1970544 = sum of:
     0.1970544 = product of:
       0.615795 = sum of:
         0.03162129 = weight(abstract_txt:there in 198) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03162129 = score(doc=198,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.099866435 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0154133 = boost
               4.094086 = idf(docFreq=2012, maxDocs=44421)
               0.024022585 = queryNorm
             0.31663582 = fieldWeight in 198, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.094086 = idf(docFreq=2012, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=198)
         0.01576252 = weight(abstract_txt:based in 198) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.01576252 = score(doc=198,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09055046 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1841972 = boost
               3.1830752 = idf(docFreq=5005, maxDocs=44421)
               0.024022585 = queryNorm
             0.17407443 = fieldWeight in 198, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.1830752 = idf(docFreq=5005, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=198)
         0.03886863 = weight(abstract_txt:providing in 198) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03886863 = score(doc=198,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14438075 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2209214 = boost
               4.922683 = idf(docFreq=878, maxDocs=44421)
               0.024022585 = queryNorm
             0.2692092 = fieldWeight in 198, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.922683 = idf(docFreq=878, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=198)
         0.07420367 = weight(abstract_txt:classified in 198) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07420367 = score(doc=198,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.22219115 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5145947 = boost
               6.106756 = idf(docFreq=268, maxDocs=44421)
               0.024022585 = queryNorm
             0.33396322 = fieldWeight in 198, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.106756 = idf(docFreq=268, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=198)
         0.061472625 = weight(abstract_txt:purpose in 198) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.061472625 = score(doc=198,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.17806754 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.660623 = boost
               4.4636893 = idf(docFreq=1390, maxDocs=44421)
               0.024022585 = queryNorm
             0.34522083 = fieldWeight in 198, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.4636893 = idf(docFreq=1390, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=198)
         0.07192102 = weight(abstract_txt:practical in 198) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07192102 = score(doc=198,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.27417237 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.3793585 = boost
               4.7967167 = idf(docFreq=996, maxDocs=44421)
               0.024022585 = queryNorm
             0.26232046 = fieldWeight in 198, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.7967167 = idf(docFreq=996, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=198)
         0.10427123 = weight(abstract_txt:theoretical in 198) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.10427123 = score(doc=198,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.27875295 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.399152 = boost
               4.83662 = idf(docFreq=957, maxDocs=44421)
               0.024022585 = queryNorm
             0.37406325 = fieldWeight in 198, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.83662 = idf(docFreq=957, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=198)
         0.21767403 = weight(abstract_txt:classification in 198) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.21767403 = score(doc=198,freq=9.0), product of:
             0.3323452 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.465467 = boost
               3.9921594 = idf(docFreq=2228, maxDocs=44421)
               0.024022585 = queryNorm
             0.6549637 = fieldWeight in 198, product of:
               3.0 = tf(freq=9.0), with freq of:
                 9.0 = termFreq=9.0
               3.9921594 = idf(docFreq=2228, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=198)
       0.32 = coord(8/25)
   

5. Vernitski, A.; Rafferty, P.: Approaches to fiction retrieval research : from theory to practice? (2011) 0.18

   0.17921564 = sum of:
     0.17921564 = product of:
       0.5600489 = sum of:
         0.032631528 = weight(abstract_txt:documents in 720) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.032631528 = score(doc=720,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.101297826 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0226643 = boost
               4.123322 = idf(docFreq=1954, maxDocs=44421)
               0.024022585 = queryNorm
             0.32213452 = fieldWeight in 720, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.123322 = idf(docFreq=1954, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=720)
         0.03425232 = weight(abstract_txt:within in 720) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03425232 = score(doc=720,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10462492 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0393232 = boost
               4.19049 = idf(docFreq=1827, maxDocs=44421)
               0.024022585 = queryNorm
             0.32738203 = fieldWeight in 720, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.19049 = idf(docFreq=1827, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=720)
         0.022517884 = weight(abstract_txt:based in 720) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.022517884 = score(doc=720,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09055046 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1841972 = boost
               3.1830752 = idf(docFreq=5005, maxDocs=44421)
               0.024022585 = queryNorm
             0.24867775 = fieldWeight in 720, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.1830752 = idf(docFreq=5005, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=720)
         0.055526614 = weight(abstract_txt:providing in 720) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.055526614 = score(doc=720,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14438075 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2209214 = boost
               4.922683 = idf(docFreq=878, maxDocs=44421)
               0.024022585 = queryNorm
             0.3845846 = fieldWeight in 720, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.922683 = idf(docFreq=878, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=720)
         0.038494974 = weight(abstract_txt:both in 720) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.038494974 = score(doc=720,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12946178 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4159551 = boost
               3.8060317 = idf(docFreq=2684, maxDocs=44421)
               0.024022585 = queryNorm
             0.29734623 = fieldWeight in 720, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.8060317 = idf(docFreq=2684, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=720)
         0.06398715 = weight(abstract_txt:being in 720) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06398715 = score(doc=720,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1816634 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6773064 = boost
               4.5085335 = idf(docFreq=1329, maxDocs=44421)
               0.024022585 = queryNorm
             0.35222918 = fieldWeight in 720, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.5085335 = idf(docFreq=1329, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=720)
         0.10532985 = weight(abstract_txt:theoretical in 720) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.10532985 = score(doc=720,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.27875295 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.399152 = boost
               4.83662 = idf(docFreq=957, maxDocs=44421)
               0.024022585 = queryNorm
             0.37786093 = fieldWeight in 720, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.83662 = idf(docFreq=957, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=720)
         0.20730858 = weight(abstract_txt:classification in 720) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.20730858 = score(doc=720,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.3323452 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.465467 = boost
               3.9921594 = idf(docFreq=2228, maxDocs=44421)
               0.024022585 = queryNorm
             0.6237749 = fieldWeight in 720, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               3.9921594 = idf(docFreq=2228, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=720)
       0.32 = coord(8/25)