Document (#37230)

Author

Uren, V.
Cimiano, P.
Iria, J.
Handschuh, S.
Vargas-Vera, M.
Motta, E.
Ciravegnac, F.

Title

Semantic annotation for knowledge management : requirements and a survey of the state of the art

Source

Web semantics: science, services and agents on the World Wide Web. 4(2006) no.1, S.14-28

Year

2006

Abstract

While much of a company's knowledge can be found in text repositories, current content management systems have limited capabilities for structuring and interpreting documents. In the emerging Semantic Web, search, interpretation and aggregation can be addressed by ontology-based semantic mark-up. In this paper, we examine semantic annotation, identify a number of requirements, and review the current generation of semantic annotation systems. This analysis shows that, while there is still some way to go before semantic annotation tools will be able to address fully all the knowledge management needs, research in the area is active and making good progress.

Content

Vgl.: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1570826805000338.

Theme

Semantic Web
Wissensrepräsentation

Similar documents (author)

1. Domingue, J.; Motta, E.: PlanetOnto : from news publishing to integrated knowledge management support (2000) 1.77

   1.7724957 = sum of:
     1.7724957 = product of:
       3.5449915 = sum of:
         3.5449915 = weight(author_txt:motta in 872) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           3.5449915 = score(doc=872,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.73684925 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0439931 = boost
               9.622026 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44421)
               0.07335243 = queryNorm
             4.811013 = fieldWeight in 872, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.622026 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44421)
               0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=872)
       0.5 = coord(1/2)
   

2. Quesada, B. Vargas -> Vargas-Quesada, B.: 1.65

   1.6522226 = sum of:
     1.6522226 = product of:
       3.3044453 = sum of:
         3.3044453 = weight(author_txt:vargas in 781) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           3.3044453 = score(doc=781,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.67605716 = queryWeight, product of:
               9.216561 = idf(docFreq=11, maxDocs=44421)
               0.07335243 = queryNorm
             4.8878193 = fieldWeight in 781, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               9.216561 = idf(docFreq=11, maxDocs=44421)
               0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=781)
       0.5 = coord(1/2)
   

3. Godoy, J.C. Vargas- => Vargas-Godoy, J.C.: 1.65

   1.6522226 = sum of:
     1.6522226 = product of:
       3.3044453 = sum of:
         3.3044453 = weight(author_txt:vargas in 416) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           3.3044453 = score(doc=416,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.67605716 = queryWeight, product of:
               9.216561 = idf(docFreq=11, maxDocs=44421)
               0.07335243 = queryNorm
             4.8878193 = fieldWeight in 416, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               9.216561 = idf(docFreq=11, maxDocs=44421)
               0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=416)
       0.5 = coord(1/2)
   

4. López Vargas, M.A.: "Ilmenauer Verteiltes Information REtrieval System" (IVIRES) : eine neue Architektur zur Informationsfilterung in einem verteilten Information Retrieval System (2002) 1.56

   1.5577306 = sum of:
     1.5577306 = product of:
       3.115461 = sum of:
         3.115461 = weight(author_txt:vargas in 5041) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           3.115461 = score(doc=5041,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.67605716 = queryWeight, product of:
               9.216561 = idf(docFreq=11, maxDocs=44421)
               0.07335243 = queryNorm
             4.6082807 = fieldWeight in 5041, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.216561 = idf(docFreq=11, maxDocs=44421)
               0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=5041)
       0.5 = coord(1/2)
   

5. Vargas, V.; Naumis, C.: Water-related language analysis : the need for a thesaurus of Mexican terminology (2008) 1.56

   1.5577306 = sum of:
     1.5577306 = product of:
       3.115461 = sum of:
         3.115461 = weight(author_txt:vargas in 3505) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           3.115461 = score(doc=3505,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.67605716 = queryWeight, product of:
               9.216561 = idf(docFreq=11, maxDocs=44421)
               0.07335243 = queryNorm
             4.6082807 = fieldWeight in 3505, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.216561 = idf(docFreq=11, maxDocs=44421)
               0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=3505)
       0.5 = coord(1/2)
   

Similar documents (content)

1. Kiryakov, A.; Popov, B.; Terziev, I.; Manov, D.; Ognyanoff, D.: Semantic annotation, indexing, and retrieval (2004) 0.26

   0.256842 = sum of:
     0.256842 = product of:
       0.9172928 = sum of:
         0.02684155 = weight(abstract_txt:generation in 1700) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.02684155 = score(doc=1700,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.102027185 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.014564 = boost
               5.612423 = idf(docFreq=440, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017917857 = queryNorm
             0.26308233 = fieldWeight in 1700, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.612423 = idf(docFreq=440, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1700)
         0.0314142 = weight(abstract_txt:fully in 1700) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0314142 = score(doc=1700,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11330824 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0691835 = boost
               5.9145703 = idf(docFreq=325, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017917857 = queryNorm
             0.2772455 = fieldWeight in 1700, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.9145703 = idf(docFreq=325, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1700)
         0.03922101 = weight(abstract_txt:repositories in 1700) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03922101 = score(doc=1700,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.13137822 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1512859 = boost
               6.3687487 = idf(docFreq=206, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017917857 = queryNorm
             0.2985351 = fieldWeight in 1700, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.3687487 = idf(docFreq=206, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1700)
         0.034047537 = weight(abstract_txt:current in 1700) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.034047537 = score(doc=1700,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.11955506 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5531753 = boost
               4.295972 = idf(docFreq=1644, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017917857 = queryNorm
             0.2847854 = fieldWeight in 1700, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.295972 = idf(docFreq=1644, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1700)
         0.04542795 = weight(abstract_txt:knowledge in 1700) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.04542795 = score(doc=1700,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.12221092 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9232562 = boost
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017917857 = queryNorm
             0.37171757 = fieldWeight in 1700, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1700)
         0.27067414 = weight(abstract_txt:semantic in 1700) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.27067414 = score(doc=1700,freq=11.0), product of:
             0.38910028 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.8531966 = boost
               4.4745317 = idf(docFreq=1375, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017917857 = queryNorm
             0.69564104 = fieldWeight in 1700, product of:
               3.3166249 = tf(freq=11.0), with freq of:
                 11.0 = termFreq=11.0
               4.4745317 = idf(docFreq=1375, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1700)
         0.4696664 = weight(abstract_txt:annotation in 1700) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.4696664 = score(doc=1700,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.63836217 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.075573 = boost
               7.019336 = idf(docFreq=107, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017917857 = queryNorm
             0.73573655 = fieldWeight in 1700, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               7.019336 = idf(docFreq=107, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1700)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)
   

2. Grassi, M.; Morbidoni, C.; Nucci, M.; Fonda, S.; Ledda, G.: Pundit: semantically structured annotations for Web contents and digital libraries (2012) 0.19

   0.19095801 = sum of:
     0.19095801 = product of:
       0.7956584 = sum of:
         0.10357612 = weight(abstract_txt:mark in 1473) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.10357612 = score(doc=1473,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.17856024 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3421897 = boost
               7.4248013 = idf(docFreq=71, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017917857 = queryNorm
             0.5800626 = fieldWeight in 1473, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.4248013 = idf(docFreq=71, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1473)
         0.043909676 = weight(abstract_txt:while in 1473) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.043909676 = score(doc=1473,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12695852 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6005433 = boost
               4.426988 = idf(docFreq=1442, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017917857 = queryNorm
             0.34585845 = fieldWeight in 1473, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.426988 = idf(docFreq=1442, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1473)
         0.04788526 = weight(abstract_txt:knowledge in 1473) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.04788526 = score(doc=1473,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.12221092 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9232562 = boost
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017917857 = queryNorm
             0.39182472 = fieldWeight in 1473, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1473)
         0.05785899 = weight(abstract_txt:management in 1473) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.05785899 = score(doc=1473,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.17467578 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.299315 = boost
               4.239827 = idf(docFreq=1739, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017917857 = queryNorm
             0.33123648 = fieldWeight in 1473, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.239827 = idf(docFreq=1739, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1473)
         0.19235973 = weight(abstract_txt:semantic in 1473) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.19235973 = score(doc=1473,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.38910028 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.8531966 = boost
               4.4745317 = idf(docFreq=1375, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017917857 = queryNorm
             0.49437058 = fieldWeight in 1473, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.4745317 = idf(docFreq=1375, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1473)
         0.35006863 = weight(abstract_txt:annotation in 1473) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.35006863 = score(doc=1473,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.63836217 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.075573 = boost
               7.019336 = idf(docFreq=107, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017917857 = queryNorm
             0.5483856 = fieldWeight in 1473, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.019336 = idf(docFreq=107, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1473)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)
   

3. Lim, S.C.J.; Liu, Y.; Lee, W.B.: Multi-facet product information search and retrieval using semantically annotated product family ontology (2010) 0.17

   0.16595122 = sum of:
     0.16595122 = product of:
       0.6914635 = sum of:
         0.029985826 = weight(abstract_txt:able in 239) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.029985826 = score(doc=239,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09911902 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.531857 = idf(docFreq=477, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017917857 = queryNorm
             0.30252343 = fieldWeight in 239, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.531857 = idf(docFreq=477, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=239)
         0.039722126 = weight(abstract_txt:current in 239) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.039722126 = score(doc=239,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.11955506 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5531753 = boost
               4.295972 = idf(docFreq=1644, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017917857 = queryNorm
             0.33224964 = fieldWeight in 239, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.295972 = idf(docFreq=1644, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=239)
         0.069789805 = weight(abstract_txt:requirements in 239) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.069789805 = score(doc=239,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.17407683 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.8741614 = boost
               5.1837964 = idf(docFreq=676, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017917857 = queryNorm
             0.4009138 = fieldWeight in 239, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.1837964 = idf(docFreq=676, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=239)
         0.040501297 = weight(abstract_txt:management in 239) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.040501297 = score(doc=239,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.17467578 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.299315 = boost
               4.239827 = idf(docFreq=1739, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017917857 = queryNorm
             0.23186556 = fieldWeight in 239, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.239827 = idf(docFreq=1739, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=239)
         0.16491412 = weight(abstract_txt:semantic in 239) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.16491412 = score(doc=239,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.38910028 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.8531966 = boost
               4.4745317 = idf(docFreq=1375, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017917857 = queryNorm
             0.42383447 = fieldWeight in 239, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.4745317 = idf(docFreq=1375, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=239)
         0.3465503 = weight(abstract_txt:annotation in 239) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.3465503 = score(doc=239,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.63836217 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.075573 = boost
               7.019336 = idf(docFreq=107, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017917857 = queryNorm
             0.5428741 = fieldWeight in 239, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               7.019336 = idf(docFreq=107, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=239)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)
   

4. Syn, S.Y.; Spring, M.B.: Finding subject terms for classificatory metadata from user-generated social tags (2013) 0.16

   0.15783265 = sum of:
     0.15783265 = product of:
       0.65763605 = sum of:
         0.050612908 = weight(abstract_txt:generation in 1745) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.050612908 = score(doc=1745,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.102027185 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.014564 = boost
               5.612423 = idf(docFreq=440, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017917857 = queryNorm
             0.49607277 = fieldWeight in 1745, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.612423 = idf(docFreq=440, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1745)
         0.042214826 = weight(abstract_txt:addressed in 1745) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.042214826 = score(doc=1745,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11390121 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0719775 = boost
               5.9300265 = idf(docFreq=320, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017917857 = queryNorm
             0.37062666 = fieldWeight in 1745, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.9300265 = idf(docFreq=320, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1745)
         0.02783542 = weight(abstract_txt:systems in 1745) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.02783542 = score(doc=1745,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.075379476 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2332839 = boost
               3.411175 = idf(docFreq=3984, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017917857 = queryNorm
             0.36927053 = fieldWeight in 1745, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.411175 = idf(docFreq=3984, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1745)
         0.032100324 = weight(abstract_txt:current in 1745) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.032100324 = score(doc=1745,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11955506 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5531753 = boost
               4.295972 = idf(docFreq=1644, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017917857 = queryNorm
             0.26849824 = fieldWeight in 1745, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.295972 = idf(docFreq=1644, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1745)
         0.1088151 = weight(abstract_txt:semantic in 1745) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.1088151 = score(doc=1745,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.38910028 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.8531966 = boost
               4.4745317 = idf(docFreq=1375, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017917857 = queryNorm
             0.27965823 = fieldWeight in 1745, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.4745317 = idf(docFreq=1375, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1745)
         0.3960575 = weight(abstract_txt:annotation in 1745) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.3960575 = score(doc=1745,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.63836217 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.075573 = boost
               7.019336 = idf(docFreq=107, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017917857 = queryNorm
             0.62042755 = fieldWeight in 1745, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               7.019336 = idf(docFreq=107, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1745)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)
   

5. Chen, J.; Wang, D.; Xie, I.; Lu, Q.: Image annotation tactics : transitions, strategies and efficiency (2018) 0.15

   0.15241179 = sum of:
     0.15241179 = product of:
       0.9525737 = sum of:
         0.05307903 = weight(abstract_txt:interpretation in 46) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.05307903 = score(doc=46,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.11512023 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0776986 = boost
               5.9616747 = idf(docFreq=310, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017917857 = queryNorm
             0.46107474 = fieldWeight in 46, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.9616747 = idf(docFreq=310, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=46)
         0.019886583 = weight(abstract_txt:systems in 46) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.019886583 = score(doc=46,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.075379476 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2332839 = boost
               3.411175 = idf(docFreq=3984, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017917857 = queryNorm
             0.2638196 = fieldWeight in 46, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.411175 = idf(docFreq=3984, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=46)
         0.030736772 = weight(abstract_txt:while in 46) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.030736772 = score(doc=46,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12695852 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6005433 = boost
               4.426988 = idf(docFreq=1442, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017917857 = queryNorm
             0.24210091 = fieldWeight in 46, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.426988 = idf(docFreq=1442, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=46)
         0.84887135 = weight(abstract_txt:annotation in 46) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.84887135 = score(doc=46,freq=12.0), product of:
             0.63836217 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.075573 = boost
               7.019336 = idf(docFreq=107, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017917857 = queryNorm
             1.3297645 = fieldWeight in 46, product of:
               3.4641016 = tf(freq=12.0), with freq of:
                 12.0 = termFreq=12.0
               7.019336 = idf(docFreq=107, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=46)
       0.16 = coord(4/25)