Document (#36643)

Author

Assem, M. van
Malaisé, V.
Miles, A.
Schreiber, G.

Title

¬A method to convert thesauri to SKOS

Source

http://www.cs.vu.nl/~mark/papers/Assem06b.pdf

Year

2006

Abstract

Thesauri can be useful resources for indexing and retrieval on the Semantic Web, but often they are not published in RDF/OWL. To convert thesauri to RDF for use in Semantic Web applications and to ensure the quality and utility of the conversion a structured method is required. Moreover, if different thesauri are to be interoperable without complicated mappings, a standard schema for thesauri is required. This paper presents a method for conversion of thesauri to the SKOS RDF/OWL schema, which is a proposal for such a standard under development by W3Cs Semantic Web Best Practices Working Group. We apply the method to three thesauri: IPSV, GTAA and MeSH. With these case studies we evaluate our method and the applicability of SKOS for representing thesauri.

Theme

Konzeption und Anwendung des Prinzips Thesaurus
Wissensrepräsentation

Object

OWL
RDF
SKOS
MeSH

Similar documents (author)

1. Assem, M. van; Gangemi, A.; Schreiber, G.: Conversion of WordNet to a standard RDF/OWL representation (2006) 2.31

   2.3100297 = sum of:
     2.3100297 = product of:
       3.4650445 = sum of:
         1.3898818 = weight(author_txt:schreiber in 641) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           1.3898818 = score(doc=641,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.45962372 = queryWeight, product of:
               8.063882 = idf(docFreq=37, maxDocs=44421)
               0.056997824 = queryNorm
             3.0239558 = fieldWeight in 641, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.063882 = idf(docFreq=37, maxDocs=44421)
               0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=641)
         2.0751626 = weight(author_txt:assem in 641) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           2.0751626 = score(doc=641,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.6004156 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1429435 = boost
               9.216561 = idf(docFreq=11, maxDocs=44421)
               0.056997824 = queryNorm
             3.4562106 = fieldWeight in 641, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.216561 = idf(docFreq=11, maxDocs=44421)
               0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=641)
       0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
   

2. Wielinga, B.; Wielemaker, J.; Schreiber, G.; Assem, M. van: Methods for porting resources to the Semantic Web (2004) 1.93

   1.9250247 = sum of:
     1.9250247 = product of:
       2.887537 = sum of:
         1.1582348 = weight(author_txt:schreiber in 640) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           1.1582348 = score(doc=640,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.45962372 = queryWeight, product of:
               8.063882 = idf(docFreq=37, maxDocs=44421)
               0.056997824 = queryNorm
             2.519963 = fieldWeight in 640, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.063882 = idf(docFreq=37, maxDocs=44421)
               0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=640)
         1.7293022 = weight(author_txt:assem in 640) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           1.7293022 = score(doc=640,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.6004156 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1429435 = boost
               9.216561 = idf(docFreq=11, maxDocs=44421)
               0.056997824 = queryNorm
             2.8801754 = fieldWeight in 640, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.216561 = idf(docFreq=11, maxDocs=44421)
               0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=640)
       0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
   

3. Assem, M. van; Menken, M.R.; Schreiber, G.; Wielemaker, J.; Wielinga, B.: ¬A method for converting thesauri to RDF/OWL (2004) 1.54

   1.5400199 = sum of:
     1.5400199 = product of:
       2.3100297 = sum of:
         0.9265879 = weight(author_txt:schreiber in 644) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.9265879 = score(doc=644,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.45962372 = queryWeight, product of:
               8.063882 = idf(docFreq=37, maxDocs=44421)
               0.056997824 = queryNorm
             2.0159705 = fieldWeight in 644, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.063882 = idf(docFreq=37, maxDocs=44421)
               0.25 = fieldNorm(doc=644)
         1.3834418 = weight(author_txt:assem in 644) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           1.3834418 = score(doc=644,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.6004156 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1429435 = boost
               9.216561 = idf(docFreq=11, maxDocs=44421)
               0.056997824 = queryNorm
             2.3041403 = fieldWeight in 644, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.216561 = idf(docFreq=11, maxDocs=44421)
               0.25 = fieldNorm(doc=644)
       0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
   

4. Hollink, L.; Assem, M. van; Wang, S.; Isaac, A.; Schreiber, G.: Two variations on ontology alignment evaluation : methodological issues (2008) 1.54

   1.5400199 = sum of:
     1.5400199 = product of:
       2.3100297 = sum of:
         0.9265879 = weight(author_txt:schreiber in 645) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.9265879 = score(doc=645,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.45962372 = queryWeight, product of:
               8.063882 = idf(docFreq=37, maxDocs=44421)
               0.056997824 = queryNorm
             2.0159705 = fieldWeight in 645, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.063882 = idf(docFreq=37, maxDocs=44421)
               0.25 = fieldNorm(doc=645)
         1.3834418 = weight(author_txt:assem in 645) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           1.3834418 = score(doc=645,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.6004156 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1429435 = boost
               9.216561 = idf(docFreq=11, maxDocs=44421)
               0.056997824 = queryNorm
             2.3041403 = fieldWeight in 645, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.216561 = idf(docFreq=11, maxDocs=44421)
               0.25 = fieldNorm(doc=645)
       0.6666667 = coord(2/3)
   

5. Miles, A.: SKOS: requirements for standardization (2006) 1.31

   1.3118148 = sum of:
     1.3118148 = product of:
       3.9354444 = sum of:
         3.9354444 = weight(author_txt:miles in 703) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           3.9354444 = score(doc=703,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.65440595 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1932251 = boost
               9.622026 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44421)
               0.056997824 = queryNorm
             6.0137663 = fieldWeight in 703, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.622026 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44421)
               0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=703)
       0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
   

Similar documents (content)

1. Martínez-González, M.M.; Alvite-Díez, M.L.: Thesauri and Semantic Web : discussion of the evolution of thesauri toward their integration with the Semantic Web (2019) 0.28

   0.2844436 = sum of:
     0.2844436 = product of:
       1.1851816 = sum of:
         0.03225964 = weight(abstract_txt:representing in 997) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03225964 = score(doc=997,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08793709 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.13869 = boost
               5.869585 = idf(docFreq=340, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01315707 = queryNorm
             0.36684906 = fieldWeight in 997, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.869585 = idf(docFreq=340, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=997)
         0.036330305 = weight(abstract_txt:moreover in 997) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.036330305 = score(doc=997,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09518718 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1847008 = boost
               6.106756 = idf(docFreq=268, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01315707 = queryNorm
             0.38167226 = fieldWeight in 997, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.106756 = idf(docFreq=268, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=997)
         0.047714677 = weight(abstract_txt:standard in 997) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.047714677 = score(doc=997,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.11415644 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.8347828 = boost
               4.7288613 = idf(docFreq=1066, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01315707 = queryNorm
             0.41797623 = fieldWeight in 997, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.7288613 = idf(docFreq=1066, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=997)
         0.105021186 = weight(abstract_txt:semantic in 997) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.105021186 = score(doc=997,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.15331113 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.6041558 = boost
               4.4745317 = idf(docFreq=1375, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01315707 = queryNorm
             0.68501997 = fieldWeight in 997, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               4.4745317 = idf(docFreq=1375, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=997)
         0.31551182 = weight(abstract_txt:skos in 997) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.31551182 = score(doc=997,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.40216985 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.217789 = boost
               7.2471204 = idf(docFreq=85, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01315707 = queryNorm
             0.7845238 = fieldWeight in 997, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               7.2471204 = idf(docFreq=85, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=997)
         0.64834404 = weight(abstract_txt:thesauri in 997) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.64834404 = score(doc=997,freq=10.0), product of:
             0.60343814 = queryWeight, product of:
               8.43686 = boost
               5.4361663 = idf(docFreq=525, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01315707 = queryNorm
             1.0744168 = fieldWeight in 997, product of:
               3.1622777 = tf(freq=10.0), with freq of:
                 10.0 = termFreq=10.0
               5.4361663 = idf(docFreq=525, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=997)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)
   

2. Miles, A.; Pérez-Agüera, J.R.: SKOS: Simple Knowledge Organisation for the Web (2006) 0.23

   0.23180537 = sum of:
     0.23180537 = product of:
       1.1590269 = sum of:
         0.03828158 = weight(abstract_txt:structured in 1504) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03828158 = score(doc=1504,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.075219676 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0531378 = boost
               5.428591 = idf(docFreq=529, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01315707 = queryNorm
             0.5089304 = fieldWeight in 1504, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.428591 = idf(docFreq=529, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1504)
         0.048389457 = weight(abstract_txt:representing in 1504) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.048389457 = score(doc=1504,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08793709 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.13869 = boost
               5.869585 = idf(docFreq=340, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01315707 = queryNorm
             0.5502736 = fieldWeight in 1504, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.869585 = idf(docFreq=340, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1504)
         0.09095101 = weight(abstract_txt:semantic in 1504) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09095101 = score(doc=1504,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.15331113 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.6041558 = boost
               4.4745317 = idf(docFreq=1375, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01315707 = queryNorm
             0.5932447 = fieldWeight in 1504, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.4745317 = idf(docFreq=1375, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1504)
         0.5464825 = weight(abstract_txt:skos in 1504) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.5464825 = score(doc=1504,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.40216985 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.217789 = boost
               7.2471204 = idf(docFreq=85, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01315707 = queryNorm
             1.3588351 = fieldWeight in 1504, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               7.2471204 = idf(docFreq=85, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1504)
         0.43492237 = weight(abstract_txt:thesauri in 1504) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.43492237 = score(doc=1504,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.60343814 = queryWeight, product of:
               8.43686 = boost
               5.4361663 = idf(docFreq=525, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01315707 = queryNorm
             0.7207406 = fieldWeight in 1504, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.4361663 = idf(docFreq=525, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1504)
       0.2 = coord(5/25)
   

3. Mayr, P.; Zapilko, B.; Sure, Y.: ¬Ein Mehr-Thesauri-Szenario auf Basis von SKOS und Crosskonkordanzen (2010) 0.17

   0.16534774 = sum of:
     0.16534774 = product of:
       1.0334234 = sum of:
         0.05964335 = weight(abstract_txt:standard in 379) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.05964335 = score(doc=379,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.11415644 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.8347828 = boost
               4.7288613 = idf(docFreq=1066, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01315707 = queryNorm
             0.5224703 = fieldWeight in 379, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.7288613 = idf(docFreq=1066, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=379)
         0.053593397 = weight(abstract_txt:semantic in 379) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.053593397 = score(doc=379,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.15331113 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.6041558 = boost
               4.4745317 = idf(docFreq=1375, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01315707 = queryNorm
             0.34957278 = fieldWeight in 379, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.4745317 = idf(docFreq=1375, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=379)
         0.55775136 = weight(abstract_txt:skos in 379) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.55775136 = score(doc=379,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.40216985 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.217789 = boost
               7.2471204 = idf(docFreq=85, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01315707 = queryNorm
             1.3868552 = fieldWeight in 379, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               7.2471204 = idf(docFreq=85, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=379)
         0.3624353 = weight(abstract_txt:thesauri in 379) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.3624353 = score(doc=379,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.60343814 = queryWeight, product of:
               8.43686 = boost
               5.4361663 = idf(docFreq=525, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01315707 = queryNorm
             0.6006172 = fieldWeight in 379, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.4361663 = idf(docFreq=525, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=379)
       0.16 = coord(4/25)
   

4. Smith, A.: Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS) (2022) 0.16

   0.16417132 = sum of:
     0.16417132 = product of:
       0.82085663 = sum of:
         0.040324546 = weight(abstract_txt:representing in 2096) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.040324546 = score(doc=2096,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08793709 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.13869 = boost
               5.869585 = idf(docFreq=340, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01315707 = queryNorm
             0.45856133 = fieldWeight in 2096, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.869585 = idf(docFreq=340, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2096)
         0.07626842 = weight(abstract_txt:mappings in 2096) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07626842 = score(doc=2096,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.13448966 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4081986 = boost
               7.2588162 = idf(docFreq=84, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01315707 = queryNorm
             0.56709504 = fieldWeight in 2096, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.2588162 = idf(docFreq=84, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2096)
         0.053593397 = weight(abstract_txt:semantic in 2096) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.053593397 = score(doc=2096,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.15331113 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.6041558 = boost
               4.4745317 = idf(docFreq=1375, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01315707 = queryNorm
             0.34957278 = fieldWeight in 2096, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.4745317 = idf(docFreq=1375, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2096)
         0.39438978 = weight(abstract_txt:skos in 2096) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.39438978 = score(doc=2096,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.40216985 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.217789 = boost
               7.2471204 = idf(docFreq=85, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01315707 = queryNorm
             0.9806547 = fieldWeight in 2096, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               7.2471204 = idf(docFreq=85, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2096)
         0.25628048 = weight(abstract_txt:thesauri in 2096) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.25628048 = score(doc=2096,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.60343814 = queryWeight, product of:
               8.43686 = boost
               5.4361663 = idf(docFreq=525, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01315707 = queryNorm
             0.4247005 = fieldWeight in 2096, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.4361663 = idf(docFreq=525, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2096)
       0.2 = coord(5/25)
   

5. Assem, M. van; Menken, M.R.; Schreiber, G.; Wielemaker, J.; Wielinga, B.: ¬A method for converting thesauri to RDF/OWL (2004) 0.16

   0.15565228 = sum of:
     0.15565228 = product of:
       0.9728268 = sum of:
         0.1083693 = weight(abstract_txt:mesh in 644) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.1083693 = score(doc=644,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.13582443 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4151694 = boost
               7.2947483 = idf(docFreq=81, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01315707 = queryNorm
             0.7978631 = fieldWeight in 644, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.2947483 = idf(docFreq=81, maxDocs=44421)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=644)
         0.13690856 = weight(abstract_txt:conversion in 644) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.13690856 = score(doc=644,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.19998808 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.428491 = boost
               6.25905 = idf(docFreq=230, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01315707 = queryNorm
             0.6845836 = fieldWeight in 644, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.25905 = idf(docFreq=230, maxDocs=44421)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=644)
         0.22013947 = weight(abstract_txt:method in 644) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.22013947 = score(doc=644,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.25829852 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.363806 = boost
               4.4988065 = idf(docFreq=1342, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01315707 = queryNorm
             0.8522677 = fieldWeight in 644, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.4988065 = idf(docFreq=1342, maxDocs=44421)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=644)
         0.50740945 = weight(abstract_txt:thesauri in 644) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.50740945 = score(doc=644,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.60343814 = queryWeight, product of:
               8.43686 = boost
               5.4361663 = idf(docFreq=525, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01315707 = queryNorm
             0.84086406 = fieldWeight in 644, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.4361663 = idf(docFreq=525, maxDocs=44421)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=644)
       0.16 = coord(4/25)