Document (#36341)

Author

Beuth, P.

Title

Nicht genug für die Weltherrschaft : Watson soll uns reich und gesund machen

Source

Frankfurter Rundschau. Nr.41 vom 18.2.2010, S.3

Year

2010

Series

Thema des Tages

Abstract

Erst besiegt ein Computer einen Menschen beim Schach, dann bei Jeopardy. Gewinnt nun bald eine Maschine bei Schlag den Raab? Und wie lange dauert es noch, bis Computer die Weltherrschaft übernehmen?

Content

"Nicht mehr lange, glaubt Jeopardy-Kandidat Ken Jennings, der im Wettstreit gegen den IBM-Computer Watson chancenlos blieb. "Ich grüße unsere neuen Computer-Herrscher", schrieb er bei der letzten Frage in sein Antwortfeld. Ziemlich lange, glaubt Stefan Wrobel, Leiter des Fraunhofer-Institutes für Intelligente Analyse- und Informationssysteme IAIS in Sankt Augustin. Das Gespräch mit der Frankfurter Rundschau muss er per Handy führen, der Strom in seinem Institut ist komplett ausgefallen. "So viel zum Thema Computerherrschaft", sagt er. "Watsons Sieg bei Jeopardy war beeindruckend", findet allerdings auch der Experte für Datenanalyse und Künstliche Intelligenz. Aber der IBM-Computer sei nur eine auf die Spitze getriebene Spezialanwendung aus Technologien, die es im Alltag längst gebe, etwa bei Suchmaschinen. Sein Institut arbeitet selbst bei einem Programm mit, das die semantische Technologie weiter in den Alltag integrieren soll. Es heißt Theseus und wird vom Bundeswirtschaftsministerium unterstützt. Ziel ist ein "Internet der Dienste": Wer dort eingibt "Ich möchte von Berlin nach Hamburg ziehen", soll von dem Computerprogramm die passenden Wohnungs- und Umzugsangebote sowie die Anmeldung beim Bürgeramt vorgeschlagen und koordiniert bekommen. Die Grenze der Computer bleibt laut Wrobel aber auch in Zukunft dort, "wo es darum geht, Informationen neu zu schaffen oder auf kreative Weise neu zu kombinieren."
Immerhin sollen Watson und seine Nachfolger die Menschen reich und gesund machen. Denn bei einigen möglichen Einsatzgebieten hat IBM schon relativ weitgehende Visionen: Watson könne etwa helfen, die Entwicklung von Wirtschaft und Finanzen besser vorherzusehen, um zum Beispiel drohende Krisen früher zu erkennen. Oder einfach, um an der Börse Geld zu verdienen, auch wenn IBM das nicht erwähnt. Dazu muss der Computer verstehen, welche Botschaften sich in Zeitungsartikeln, Blogs und Pressemitteilungen über Wirtschafts- und Finanzthemen verbergen und wie diese sich auf die harten Zahlen auswirken werden, sagt Projektleiter David Ferrucci. Vielleicht wird Watson auch Geheimagent. Nach Angaben des Fachmagazins New Scientist arbeiten im Forschungsteam auch Spezialisten der Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), die dem Pentagon untersteht. Militärs und Geheimdienste interessieren sich demnach für Watsons Textanalysefähigkeiten. Zudem soll Watson in Zukunft auch Ärzte bei der Diagnose und Behandlung von Patienten unterstützen. "Die Menge an validen, nützlichen Informationen, die einem Patienten wirklich helfen können, ist explodiert", sagt Medizinprofessor Herbert Chase von der Columbia University in einem IBM-Video. "Es ist unmöglich, da immer mitzukommen. Also brauchen wir Werkzeuge, die das beste davon ausfindig machen. Das meiste davon liegt in natürlicher Sprache vor. Und da liegt die Stärke von Watson." IBM-Forschungsdirektor John E. Kelly III. verspricht: "Innerhalb von Sekunden werden Ärzte in aller Welt herausfinden können, welche die beste Behandlung ist."
Ethisch wäre ein "Dr. Watson" nicht unbedenklich. Was, wenn er sich bei einer Diagnose irrt? Eine Quizrunde zu verlieren, ist das eine. Aber ein Menschenleben? Immerhin hat Watson in einer Testrunde behauptet, die erste Frau im Weltall wäre Wonder Woman gewesen - eine Comicfigur. Informatik-Professor Wrobel glaubt, dass sich diese Fragen nicht stellen werden, da Computer auch in Zukunft nur Ratgeber, nicht aber Entscheider bleiben würden: "Wichtig ist der Begriff der Assistenz. Wir werden wenige Systeme sehen, die völlig autonom handeln." Professor Peter Slovovits, Experte für Künstliche Intelligenz sowie Medizintechnik am Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) sieht das ähnlich: "Ich sehe Rechner wie Watson als hochspezialisierte Assistenten, die durch ihre Art der Informationsbeschaffung aus Ärzten bessere Ärzte machen", sagte er der Frankfurter Rundschau. "Sie können aus Patienten aber auch bessere Patienten machen, indem sie die Menschen zu differenzierteren Beobachtern ihrer eigenen Gesundheit machen." Nach Meinung von Wrobel geht es nicht darum, dass die Computer den Menschen ersetzen, sondern eher um Zeitgewinn für den Benutzer: "Das ist auch für die Wirtschaft wichtig: Nur wer die riesigen Mengen an vorhandenen Daten in seinem Unternehmen und im Internet am besten nach den relevanten Informationen durchsuchen kann, wird Erfolg haben.""

Footnote

Vgl. unter: http://www.fr-online.de/digital/nicht-genug-fuer-die-weltherrschaft/-/1472406/7205864/-/index.html. Vgl. auch die anderen Beiträge zum Thema in derselben Ausgabe.

Field

Informatik

Object

Watson

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4. Zimmerli, W.C.: Jenseits von Zähmung oder Züchtung : Die Ablösung der künstlichen Intelligenz durch den Netzwerk-Menschen (2000) 0.18

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5. Zimmer, D.E.: Autorität, Schreckenswort einer Epoche (1981) 0.17

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