Document (#35463)

Author
Mengle, S.S.R.
Goharian, N.
Title
Detecting relationships among categories using text classification
Source
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 61(2010) no.5, S.1046-1061
Year
2010
Abstract
Discovering relationships among concepts and categories is crucial in various information systems. The authors' objective was to discover such relationships among document categories. Traditionally, such relationships are represented in the form of a concept hierarchy, grouping some categories under the same parent category. Although the nature of hierarchy supports the identification of categories that may share the same parent, not all of these categories have a relationship with each other - other than sharing the same parent. However, some non-sibling relationships exist that although are related to each other are not identified as such. The authors identify and build a relationship network (relationship-net) with categories as the vertices and relationships as the edges of this network. They demonstrate that using a relationship-net, some nonobvious category relationships are detected. Their approach capitalizes on the misclassification information generated during the process of text classification to identify potential relationships among categories and automatically generate relationship-nets. Their results demonstrate a statistically significant improvement over the current approach by up to 73% on 20 News groups 20NG, up to 68% on 17 categories in the Open Directories Project (ODP17), and more than twice on ODP46 and Special Interest Group on Information Retrieval (SIGIR) data sets. Their results also indicate that using misclassification information stemming from passage classification as opposed to document classification statistically significantly improves the results on 20NG (8%), ODP17 (5%), ODP46 (73%), and SIGIR (117%) with respect to F1 measure. By assigning weights to relationships and by performing feature selection, results are further optimized.
Theme
Wissensrepräsentation

Similar documents (author)

  1. Mengle, S.; Goharian, N.: Passage detection using text classification (2009) 4.81
    4.808723 = sum of:
      4.808723 = weight(author_txt:goharian in 2765) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        4.808723 = fieldWeight in 2765, product of:
          1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
            1.0 = termFreq=1.0
          9.617446 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44218)
          0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=2765)
    
  2. Mengle, S.S.R.; Goharian, N.: Ambiguity measure feature-selection algorithm (2009) 4.81
    4.808723 = sum of:
      4.808723 = weight(author_txt:goharian in 2804) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        4.808723 = fieldWeight in 2804, product of:
          1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
            1.0 = termFreq=1.0
          9.617446 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44218)
          0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=2804)
    
  3. Urbain, J.; Goharian, N.; Frieder, O.: Probabilistic passage models for semantic search of genomics literature (2008) 3.61
    3.606542 = sum of:
      3.606542 = weight(author_txt:goharian in 2380) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        3.606542 = fieldWeight in 2380, product of:
          1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
            1.0 = termFreq=1.0
          9.617446 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44218)
          0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=2380)
    
  4. Soldaini, L.; Yates, A.; Goharian, N.: Learning to reformulate long queries for clinical decision support (2017) 3.61
    3.606542 = sum of:
      3.606542 = weight(author_txt:goharian in 3957) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        3.606542 = fieldWeight in 3957, product of:
          1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
            1.0 = termFreq=1.0
          9.617446 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44218)
          0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=3957)
    
  5. Cohan, A.; Young, S.; Yates, A.; Goharian, N.: Triaging content severity in online mental health forums (2017) 3.01
    3.005452 = sum of:
      3.005452 = weight(author_txt:goharian in 3930) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        3.005452 = fieldWeight in 3930, product of:
          1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
            1.0 = termFreq=1.0
          9.617446 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44218)
          0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=3930)
    

Similar documents (content)

  1. Zhang, J.; Zhai, S.; Stevenson, J.A.; Xia, L.: Optimization of the subject directory in a government agriculture department web portal (2016) 0.37
    0.36561352 = sum of:
      0.36561352 = product of:
        1.015593 = sum of:
          0.0129995635 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 3088) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.0129995635 = score(doc=3088,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.043890104 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0194577 = boost
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018169595 = queryNorm
              0.2961844 = fieldWeight in 3088, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3088)
          0.0115573555 = weight(abstract_txt:their in 3088) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.0115573555 = score(doc=3088,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.058527526 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0195221 = boost
                3.1594994 = idf(docFreq=5101, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018169595 = queryNorm
              0.19746871 = fieldWeight in 3088, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.1594994 = idf(docFreq=5101, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3088)
          0.015219686 = weight(abstract_txt:using in 3088) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.015219686 = score(doc=3088,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.07031667 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1174953 = boost
                3.4631186 = idf(docFreq=3765, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018169595 = queryNorm
              0.21644491 = fieldWeight in 3088, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.4631186 = idf(docFreq=3765, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3088)
          0.029181095 = weight(abstract_txt:results in 3088) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.029181095 = score(doc=3088,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.09480367 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.498299 = boost
                3.482422 = idf(docFreq=3693, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018169595 = queryNorm
              0.30780554 = fieldWeight in 3088, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                3.482422 = idf(docFreq=3693, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3088)
          0.064029396 = weight(abstract_txt:among in 3088) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.064029396 = score(doc=3088,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.16008244 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.9469633 = boost
                4.5252304 = idf(docFreq=1301, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018169595 = queryNorm
              0.39997762 = fieldWeight in 3088, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                4.5252304 = idf(docFreq=1301, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3088)
          0.254558 = weight(abstract_txt:parent in 3088) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.254558 = score(doc=3088,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.36500797 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.5460546 = boost
                7.890225 = idf(docFreq=44, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018169595 = queryNorm
              0.6974039 = fieldWeight in 3088, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                7.890225 = idf(docFreq=44, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3088)
          0.07430745 = weight(abstract_txt:relationship in 3088) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.07430745 = score(doc=3088,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.2399343 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.664938 = boost
                4.9551864 = idf(docFreq=846, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018169595 = queryNorm
              0.30969915 = fieldWeight in 3088, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.9551864 = idf(docFreq=846, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3088)
          0.12213143 = weight(abstract_txt:relationships in 3088) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.12213143 = score(doc=3088,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.40648693 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.6537223 = boost
                4.807296 = idf(docFreq=981, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018169595 = queryNorm
              0.300456 = fieldWeight in 3088, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.807296 = idf(docFreq=981, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3088)
          0.4316091 = weight(abstract_txt:categories in 3088) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.4316091 = score(doc=3088,freq=8.0), product of:
              0.4715474 = queryWeight, product of:
                5.0123324 = boost
                5.17774 = idf(docFreq=677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018169595 = queryNorm
              0.91530377 = fieldWeight in 3088, product of:
                2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
                  8.0 = termFreq=8.0
                5.17774 = idf(docFreq=677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3088)
        0.36 = coord(9/25)
    
  2. Yang, C.C.; Lin, J.; Wei, C.-P.: Retaining knowledge for document management : category-tree integration by exploiting category relationships and hierarchical structures (2010) 0.30
    0.29548442 = sum of:
      0.29548442 = product of:
        0.92338884 = sum of:
          0.006932627 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 3581) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.006932627 = score(doc=3581,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.045817632 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0416031 = boost
                2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018169595 = queryNorm
              0.15130915 = fieldWeight in 3581, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3581)
          0.014730296 = weight(abstract_txt:such in 3581) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.014730296 = score(doc=3581,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.06880112 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1053869 = boost
                3.4255946 = idf(docFreq=3909, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018169595 = queryNorm
              0.21409966 = fieldWeight in 3581, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.4255946 = idf(docFreq=3909, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3581)
          0.18900955 = weight(abstract_txt:category in 3581) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.18900955 = score(doc=3581,freq=10.0), product of:
              0.15290202 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3454809 = boost
                6.2544694 = idf(docFreq=230, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018169595 = queryNorm
              1.2361481 = fieldWeight in 3581, product of:
                3.1622777 = tf(freq=10.0), with freq of:
                  10.0 = termFreq=10.0
                6.2544694 = idf(docFreq=230, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3581)
          0.031084115 = weight(abstract_txt:classification in 3581) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.031084115 = score(doc=3581,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.12458328 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.7175753 = boost
                3.9920752 = idf(docFreq=2218, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018169595 = queryNorm
              0.2495047 = fieldWeight in 3581, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.9920752 = idf(docFreq=2218, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3581)
          0.17999968 = weight(abstract_txt:parent in 3581) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.17999968 = score(doc=3581,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.36500797 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.5460546 = boost
                7.890225 = idf(docFreq=44, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018169595 = queryNorm
              0.49313906 = fieldWeight in 3581, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                7.890225 = idf(docFreq=44, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3581)
          0.07430745 = weight(abstract_txt:relationship in 3581) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.07430745 = score(doc=3581,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.2399343 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.664938 = boost
                4.9551864 = idf(docFreq=846, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018169595 = queryNorm
              0.30969915 = fieldWeight in 3581, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.9551864 = idf(docFreq=846, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3581)
          0.12213143 = weight(abstract_txt:relationships in 3581) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.12213143 = score(doc=3581,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.40648693 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.6537223 = boost
                4.807296 = idf(docFreq=981, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018169595 = queryNorm
              0.300456 = fieldWeight in 3581, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.807296 = idf(docFreq=981, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3581)
          0.30519372 = weight(abstract_txt:categories in 3581) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.30519372 = score(doc=3581,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.4715474 = queryWeight, product of:
                5.0123324 = boost
                5.17774 = idf(docFreq=677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018169595 = queryNorm
              0.6472175 = fieldWeight in 3581, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                5.17774 = idf(docFreq=677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3581)
        0.32 = coord(8/25)
    
  3. Green, R.; Panzer, M.: Relations in the notational hierarchy of the Dewey Decimal Classification (2011) 0.29
    0.28896946 = sum of:
      0.28896946 = product of:
        0.8026929 = sum of:
          0.0064997817 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 4823) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.0064997817 = score(doc=4823,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.043890104 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0194577 = boost
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018169595 = queryNorm
              0.1480922 = fieldWeight in 4823, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4823)
          0.0115573555 = weight(abstract_txt:their in 4823) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.0115573555 = score(doc=4823,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.058527526 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0195221 = boost
                3.1594994 = idf(docFreq=5101, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018169595 = queryNorm
              0.19746871 = fieldWeight in 4823, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.1594994 = idf(docFreq=5101, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4823)
          0.014730296 = weight(abstract_txt:such in 4823) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.014730296 = score(doc=4823,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.06880112 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1053869 = boost
                3.4255946 = idf(docFreq=3909, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018169595 = queryNorm
              0.21409966 = fieldWeight in 4823, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.4255946 = idf(docFreq=3909, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4823)
          0.01598877 = weight(abstract_txt:other in 4823) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.01598877 = score(doc=4823,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.072666 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.13601 = boost
                3.5204957 = idf(docFreq=3555, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018169595 = queryNorm
              0.22003098 = fieldWeight in 4823, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.5204957 = idf(docFreq=3555, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4823)
          0.11887103 = weight(abstract_txt:hierarchy in 4823) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.11887103 = score(doc=4823,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.16766189 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.4089258 = boost
                6.5493927 = idf(docFreq=171, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018169595 = queryNorm
              0.70899254 = fieldWeight in 4823, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                6.5493927 = idf(docFreq=171, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4823)
          0.06216823 = weight(abstract_txt:classification in 4823) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.06216823 = score(doc=4823,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.12458328 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.7175753 = boost
                3.9920752 = idf(docFreq=2218, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018169595 = queryNorm
              0.4990094 = fieldWeight in 4823, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                3.9920752 = idf(docFreq=2218, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4823)
          0.17999968 = weight(abstract_txt:parent in 4823) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.17999968 = score(doc=4823,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.36500797 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.5460546 = boost
                7.890225 = idf(docFreq=44, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018169595 = queryNorm
              0.49313906 = fieldWeight in 4823, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                7.890225 = idf(docFreq=44, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4823)
          0.1486149 = weight(abstract_txt:relationship in 4823) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.1486149 = score(doc=4823,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.2399343 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.664938 = boost
                4.9551864 = idf(docFreq=846, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018169595 = queryNorm
              0.6193983 = fieldWeight in 4823, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                4.9551864 = idf(docFreq=846, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4823)
          0.24426286 = weight(abstract_txt:relationships in 4823) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.24426286 = score(doc=4823,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.40648693 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.6537223 = boost
                4.807296 = idf(docFreq=981, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018169595 = queryNorm
              0.600912 = fieldWeight in 4823, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                4.807296 = idf(docFreq=981, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4823)
        0.36 = coord(9/25)
    
  4. Zeng, Q.; Yu, M.; Yu, W.; Xiong, J.; Shi, Y.; Jiang, M.: Faceted hierarchy : a new graph type to organize scientific concepts and a construction method (2019) 0.26
    0.25501773 = sum of:
      0.25501773 = product of:
        0.91077757 = sum of:
          0.13089314 = weight(abstract_txt:sibling in 400) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.13089314 = score(doc=400,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.17636754 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0217985 = boost
                9.499662 = idf(docFreq=8, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018169595 = queryNorm
              0.74216115 = fieldWeight in 400, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                9.499662 = idf(docFreq=8, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=400)
          0.008665783 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 400) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.008665783 = score(doc=400,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.045817632 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0416031 = boost
                2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018169595 = queryNorm
              0.18913643 = fieldWeight in 400, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                2.4209464 = idf(docFreq=10677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=400)
          0.018412871 = weight(abstract_txt:such in 400) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.018412871 = score(doc=400,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.06880112 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1053869 = boost
                3.4255946 = idf(docFreq=3909, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018169595 = queryNorm
              0.2676246 = fieldWeight in 400, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.4255946 = idf(docFreq=3909, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=400)
          0.17157556 = weight(abstract_txt:hierarchy in 400) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.17157556 = score(doc=400,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.16766189 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.4089258 = boost
                6.5493927 = idf(docFreq=171, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018169595 = queryNorm
              1.0233426 = fieldWeight in 400, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                6.5493927 = idf(docFreq=171, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=400)
          0.038855143 = weight(abstract_txt:classification in 400) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.038855143 = score(doc=400,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.12458328 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.7175753 = boost
                3.9920752 = idf(docFreq=2218, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018169595 = queryNorm
              0.3118809 = fieldWeight in 400, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.9920752 = idf(docFreq=2218, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=400)
          0.38971075 = weight(abstract_txt:parent in 400) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.38971075 = score(doc=400,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.36500797 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.5460546 = boost
                7.890225 = idf(docFreq=44, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018169595 = queryNorm
              1.0676774 = fieldWeight in 400, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                7.890225 = idf(docFreq=44, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=400)
          0.15266429 = weight(abstract_txt:relationships in 400) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.15266429 = score(doc=400,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.40648693 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.6537223 = boost
                4.807296 = idf(docFreq=981, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018169595 = queryNorm
              0.37557 = fieldWeight in 400, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.807296 = idf(docFreq=981, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=400)
        0.28 = coord(7/25)
    
  5. Fichman, P.; Vaughn, M.: ¬The relationships between misinformation and outrage trolling tactics on two Yahoo! Answers categories (2021) 0.24
    0.24199344 = sum of:
      0.24199344 = product of:
        0.7562295 = sum of:
          0.011490099 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 411) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.011490099 = score(doc=411,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.043890104 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0194577 = boost
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018169595 = queryNorm
              0.26179248 = fieldWeight in 411, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=411)
          0.0144466935 = weight(abstract_txt:their in 411) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.0144466935 = score(doc=411,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.058527526 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0195221 = boost
                3.1594994 = idf(docFreq=5101, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018169595 = queryNorm
              0.24683589 = fieldWeight in 411, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.1594994 = idf(docFreq=5101, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=411)
          0.019985963 = weight(abstract_txt:other in 411) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.019985963 = score(doc=411,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.072666 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.13601 = boost
                3.5204957 = idf(docFreq=3555, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018169595 = queryNorm
              0.27503872 = fieldWeight in 411, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.5204957 = idf(docFreq=3555, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=411)
          0.105659544 = weight(abstract_txt:category in 411) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.105659544 = score(doc=411,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.15290202 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3454809 = boost
                6.2544694 = idf(docFreq=230, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018169595 = queryNorm
              0.69102776 = fieldWeight in 411, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                6.2544694 = idf(docFreq=230, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=411)
          0.05659453 = weight(abstract_txt:among in 411) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.05659453 = score(doc=411,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.16008244 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.9469633 = boost
                4.5252304 = idf(docFreq=1301, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018169595 = queryNorm
              0.35353363 = fieldWeight in 411, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.5252304 = idf(docFreq=1301, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=411)
          0.09288431 = weight(abstract_txt:relationship in 411) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.09288431 = score(doc=411,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.2399343 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.664938 = boost
                4.9551864 = idf(docFreq=846, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018169595 = queryNorm
              0.38712394 = fieldWeight in 411, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.9551864 = idf(docFreq=846, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=411)
          0.26442233 = weight(abstract_txt:relationships in 411) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.26442233 = score(doc=411,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.40648693 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.6537223 = boost
                4.807296 = idf(docFreq=981, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018169595 = queryNorm
              0.6505063 = fieldWeight in 411, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                4.807296 = idf(docFreq=981, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=411)
          0.19074608 = weight(abstract_txt:categories in 411) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.19074608 = score(doc=411,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.4715474 = queryWeight, product of:
                5.0123324 = boost
                5.17774 = idf(docFreq=677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.018169595 = queryNorm
              0.40451095 = fieldWeight in 411, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.17774 = idf(docFreq=677, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=411)
        0.32 = coord(8/25)