Document (#34856)

Author

Lee, K.C.
Lee, N.
Li, H.

Title

¬A particle swarm optimization-driven cognitive map approach to analyzing information systems project risk

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 60(2009) no.6, S.1208-1221

Year

2009

Abstract

Project risks encompass both internal and external factors that are interrelated, influencing others in a causal way. It is very important to identify those factors and their causal relationships to reduce the project risk. In the past, most IT companies evaluate project risk by roughly measuring the related factors, but ignoring the important fact that there are complicated causal relationships among them. There is a strong need to develop more effective mechanisms to systematically judge all factors related to project risk and identify the causal relationships among those factors. To accomplish this research objective, our study adopts a cognitive map (CM)-based mechanism called the MACOM (Multi-Agents COgnitive Map), where CM is represented by a set of multi-agents, each embedded with basic intelligence to determine its causal relationships with other agents. CM has proven especially useful in solving unstructured problems with many variables and causal relationships; however, simply applying CM to project risk management is not enough because most causal relationships are hard to identify and measure exactly. To overcome this problem, we have borrowed a multi-agent metaphor in which CM is represented by a set of multi-agents, and project risk is explained through the interaction of the multi-agents. Such an approach presents a new computational capability for resolving complicated decision problems. Using the MACOM framework, we have proved that the task of resolving the IS project risk management could be systematically and intelligently solved, and in this way, IS project managers can be given robust decision support.

Similar documents (content)

1. Lam, W.; Chua, A.: ¬The mismanagement of knowledge management (2005) 0.25

   0.25373325 = sum of:
     0.25373325 = product of:
       1.2686663 = sum of:
         0.017210737 = weight(abstract_txt:there in 5893) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.017210737 = score(doc=5893,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.044840578 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.094086 = idf(docFreq=2012, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010952524 = queryNorm
             0.3838206 = fieldWeight in 5893, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.094086 = idf(docFreq=2012, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=5893)
         0.027032606 = weight(abstract_txt:management in 5893) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.027032606 = score(doc=5893,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.048089862 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0355979 = boost
               4.239827 = idf(docFreq=1739, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010952524 = queryNorm
             0.56212693 = fieldWeight in 5893, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.239827 = idf(docFreq=1739, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=5893)
         0.1313711 = weight(abstract_txt:multi in 5893) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.1313711 = score(doc=5893,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.23593089 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.6268268 = boost
               5.9394164 = idf(docFreq=317, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010952524 = queryNorm
             0.5568203 = fieldWeight in 5893, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.9394164 = idf(docFreq=317, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=5893)
         0.13408019 = weight(abstract_txt:project in 5893) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.13408019 = score(doc=5893,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.23090968 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.813841 = boost
               4.3796177 = idf(docFreq=1512, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010952524 = queryNorm
             0.58066076 = fieldWeight in 5893, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.3796177 = idf(docFreq=1512, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=5893)
         0.95897156 = weight(abstract_txt:risk in 5893) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.95897156 = score(doc=5893,freq=8.0), product of:
             0.49659395 = queryWeight, product of:
               6.225857 = boost
               7.282627 = idf(docFreq=82, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010952524 = queryNorm
             1.931098 = fieldWeight in 5893, product of:
               2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
                 8.0 = termFreq=8.0
               7.282627 = idf(docFreq=82, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=5893)
       0.2 = coord(5/25)
   

2. Desouza, C.; Awazu, Y.; Wan, Y.: Factors governing the consumption of explicit knowledge (2006) 0.16

   0.16305308 = sum of:
     0.16305308 = product of:
       0.8152654 = sum of:
         0.01434228 = weight(abstract_txt:there in 5905) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.01434228 = score(doc=5905,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.044840578 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.094086 = idf(docFreq=2012, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010952524 = queryNorm
             0.31985047 = fieldWeight in 5905, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.094086 = idf(docFreq=2012, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5905)
         0.022527173 = weight(abstract_txt:management in 5905) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.022527173 = score(doc=5905,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.048089862 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0355979 = boost
               4.239827 = idf(docFreq=1739, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010952524 = queryNorm
             0.46843913 = fieldWeight in 5905, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.239827 = idf(docFreq=1739, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5905)
         0.036594704 = weight(abstract_txt:decision in 5905) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.036594704 = score(doc=5905,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.0837281 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3664697 = boost
               5.5944448 = idf(docFreq=448, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010952524 = queryNorm
             0.437066 = fieldWeight in 5905, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.5944448 = idf(docFreq=448, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5905)
         0.1100233 = weight(abstract_txt:factors in 5905) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.1100233 = score(doc=5905,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.16413017 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.0250225 = boost
               4.9538813 = idf(docFreq=851, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010952524 = queryNorm
             0.67034173 = fieldWeight in 5905, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.9538813 = idf(docFreq=851, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5905)
         0.631778 = weight(abstract_txt:risk in 5905) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.631778 = score(doc=5905,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.49659395 = queryWeight, product of:
               6.225857 = boost
               7.282627 = idf(docFreq=82, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010952524 = queryNorm
             1.2722225 = fieldWeight in 5905, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               7.282627 = idf(docFreq=82, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5905)
       0.2 = coord(5/25)
   

3. Li, Y.; Kobsa, A.: Context and privacy concerns in friend request decisions (2020) 0.15

   0.14598139 = sum of:
     0.14598139 = product of:
       0.52136207 = sum of:
         0.015599517 = weight(abstract_txt:important in 873) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.015599517 = score(doc=873,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.04742418 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0284053 = boost
               4.21038 = idf(docFreq=1791, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010952524 = queryNorm
             0.32893595 = fieldWeight in 873, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.21038 = idf(docFreq=1791, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=873)
         0.016719466 = weight(abstract_txt:those in 873) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.016719466 = score(doc=873,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.049667694 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0524498 = boost
               4.3088202 = idf(docFreq=1623, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010952524 = queryNorm
             0.3366266 = fieldWeight in 873, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.3088202 = idf(docFreq=1623, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=873)
         0.019279178 = weight(abstract_txt:among in 873) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.019279178 = score(doc=873,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.05461577 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1036298 = boost
               4.518356 = idf(docFreq=1316, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010952524 = queryNorm
             0.35299656 = fieldWeight in 873, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.518356 = idf(docFreq=1316, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=873)
         0.051752724 = weight(abstract_txt:decision in 873) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.051752724 = score(doc=873,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.0837281 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3664697 = boost
               5.5944448 = idf(docFreq=448, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010952524 = queryNorm
             0.61810464 = fieldWeight in 873, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.5944448 = idf(docFreq=448, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=873)
         0.04563781 = weight(abstract_txt:cognitive in 873) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.04563781 = score(doc=873,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11104679 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9273609 = boost
               5.260521 = idf(docFreq=626, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010952524 = queryNorm
             0.4109782 = fieldWeight in 873, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.260521 = idf(docFreq=626, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=873)
         0.08983364 = weight(abstract_txt:factors in 873) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08983364 = score(doc=873,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.16413017 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.0250225 = boost
               4.9538813 = idf(docFreq=851, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010952524 = queryNorm
             0.5473317 = fieldWeight in 873, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.9538813 = idf(docFreq=851, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=873)
         0.28253973 = weight(abstract_txt:risk in 873) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.28253973 = score(doc=873,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.49659395 = queryWeight, product of:
               6.225857 = boost
               7.282627 = idf(docFreq=82, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010952524 = queryNorm
             0.56895524 = fieldWeight in 873, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.282627 = idf(docFreq=82, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=873)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)
   

4. Azpiazu, I.M.; Soledad Pera, M.: Is cross-lingual readability assessment possible? (2020) 0.12

   0.1202491 = sum of:
     0.1202491 = product of:
       0.37577844 = sum of:
         0.010824997 = weight(abstract_txt:related in 868) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.010824997 = score(doc=868,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.047149695 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0254248 = boost
               4.198178 = idf(docFreq=1813, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010952524 = queryNorm
             0.22958785 = fieldWeight in 868, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.198178 = idf(docFreq=1813, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=868)
         0.010919661 = weight(abstract_txt:important in 868) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.010919661 = score(doc=868,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.04742418 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0284053 = boost
               4.21038 = idf(docFreq=1791, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010952524 = queryNorm
             0.23025516 = fieldWeight in 868, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.21038 = idf(docFreq=1791, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=868)
         0.011703626 = weight(abstract_txt:those in 868) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.011703626 = score(doc=868,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.049667694 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0524498 = boost
               4.3088202 = idf(docFreq=1623, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010952524 = queryNorm
             0.2356386 = fieldWeight in 868, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.3088202 = idf(docFreq=1623, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=868)
         0.013495425 = weight(abstract_txt:among in 868) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.013495425 = score(doc=868,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.05461577 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1036298 = boost
               4.518356 = idf(docFreq=1316, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010952524 = queryNorm
             0.24709758 = fieldWeight in 868, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.518356 = idf(docFreq=1316, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=868)
         0.036226906 = weight(abstract_txt:decision in 868) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.036226906 = score(doc=868,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.0837281 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3664697 = boost
               5.5944448 = idf(docFreq=448, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010952524 = queryNorm
             0.43267325 = fieldWeight in 868, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.5944448 = idf(docFreq=448, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=868)
         0.031946465 = weight(abstract_txt:cognitive in 868) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.031946465 = score(doc=868,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11104679 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9273609 = boost
               5.260521 = idf(docFreq=626, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010952524 = queryNorm
             0.28768474 = fieldWeight in 868, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.260521 = idf(docFreq=626, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=868)
         0.062883556 = weight(abstract_txt:factors in 868) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.062883556 = score(doc=868,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.16413017 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.0250225 = boost
               4.9538813 = idf(docFreq=851, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010952524 = queryNorm
             0.38313222 = fieldWeight in 868, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.9538813 = idf(docFreq=851, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=868)
         0.19777781 = weight(abstract_txt:risk in 868) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.19777781 = score(doc=868,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.49659395 = queryWeight, product of:
               6.225857 = boost
               7.282627 = idf(docFreq=82, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010952524 = queryNorm
             0.39826867 = fieldWeight in 868, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.282627 = idf(docFreq=82, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=868)
       0.32 = coord(8/25)
   

5. He, C.; Wu, J.; Zhang, Q.: Proximity-aware research leadership recommendation in research collaboration via deep neural networks (2022) 0.10

   0.0977062 = sum of:
     0.0977062 = product of:
       0.3489507 = sum of:
         0.058307134 = weight(abstract_txt:ignoring in 1447) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.058307134 = score(doc=1447,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10519704 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0830567 = boost
               8.868255 = idf(docFreq=16, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010952524 = queryNorm
             0.5542659 = fieldWeight in 1447, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.868255 = idf(docFreq=16, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1447)
         0.015423343 = weight(abstract_txt:among in 1447) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.015423343 = score(doc=1447,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.05461577 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1036298 = boost
               4.518356 = idf(docFreq=1316, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010952524 = queryNorm
             0.28239724 = fieldWeight in 1447, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.518356 = idf(docFreq=1316, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1447)
         0.05409961 = weight(abstract_txt:systematically in 1447) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.05409961 = score(doc=1447,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12608454 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6768543 = boost
               6.8651857 = idf(docFreq=125, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010952524 = queryNorm
             0.4290741 = fieldWeight in 1447, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.8651857 = idf(docFreq=125, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1447)
         0.051633287 = weight(abstract_txt:cognitive in 1447) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.051633287 = score(doc=1447,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.11104679 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9273609 = boost
               5.260521 = idf(docFreq=626, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010952524 = queryNorm
             0.46496874 = fieldWeight in 1447, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.260521 = idf(docFreq=626, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1447)
         0.050817586 = weight(abstract_txt:factors in 1447) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.050817586 = score(doc=1447,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.16413017 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.0250225 = boost
               4.9538813 = idf(docFreq=851, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010952524 = queryNorm
             0.30961758 = fieldWeight in 1447, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.9538813 = idf(docFreq=851, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1447)
         0.05546372 = weight(abstract_txt:relationships in 1447) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.05546372 = score(doc=1447,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.18488945 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.5170708 = boost
               4.7997303 = idf(docFreq=993, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010952524 = queryNorm
             0.29998314 = fieldWeight in 1447, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.7997303 = idf(docFreq=993, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1447)
         0.06320601 = weight(abstract_txt:project in 1447) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06320601 = score(doc=1447,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.23090968 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.813841 = boost
               4.3796177 = idf(docFreq=1512, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010952524 = queryNorm
             0.2737261 = fieldWeight in 1447, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.3796177 = idf(docFreq=1512, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1447)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)