Document (#34836)

Author

Kettunen, K.

Title

Reductive and generative approaches to management of morphological variation of keywords in monolingual information retrieval : an overview

Source

Journal of documentation. 65(2009) no.2, S.267-290

Year

2009

Abstract

Purpose - The purpose of this article is to discuss advantages and disadvantages of various means to manage morphological variation of keywords in monolingual information retrieval. Design/methodology/approach - The authors present a compilation of query results from 11 mostly European languages and a new general classification of the language dependent techniques for management of morphological variation. Variants of the different techniques are compared in some detail in terms of retrieval effectiveness and other criteria. The paper consists mainly of an overview of different management methods for keyword variation in information retrieval. Typical IR retrieval results of 11 languages and a new classification for keyword management methods are also presented. Findings - The main results of the paper are an overall comparison of reductive and generative keyword management methods in terms of retrieval effectiveness and other broader criteria. Originality/value - The paper is of value to anyone who wants to get an overall picture of keyword management techniques used in IR.

Theme

Computerlinguistik

Similar documents (content)

1. Witschel, H.F.: Terminology extraction and automatic indexing : comparison and qualitative evaluation of methods (2005) 0.32

   0.31990516 = sum of:
     0.31990516 = product of:
       0.72705716 = sum of:
         0.012156865 = weight(abstract_txt:different in 2842) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.012156865 = score(doc=2842,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.060741305 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.6597328 = idf(docFreq=3107, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016597196 = queryNorm
             0.20014164 = fieldWeight in 2842, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.6597328 = idf(docFreq=3107, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2842)
         0.015779637 = weight(abstract_txt:classification in 2842) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.015779637 = score(doc=2842,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07227716 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0908335 = boost
               3.9921594 = idf(docFreq=2228, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016597196 = queryNorm
             0.21832122 = fieldWeight in 2842, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.9921594 = idf(docFreq=2228, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2842)
         0.032797754 = weight(abstract_txt:terms in 2842) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.032797754 = score(doc=2842,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.07415592 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.10492 = boost
               4.043712 = idf(docFreq=2116, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016597196 = queryNorm
             0.442281 = fieldWeight in 2842, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               4.043712 = idf(docFreq=2116, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2842)
         0.021822987 = weight(abstract_txt:paper in 2842) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.021822987 = score(doc=2842,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.081514135 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4187963 = boost
               3.4616103 = idf(docFreq=3788, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016597196 = queryNorm
             0.26772028 = fieldWeight in 2842, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.4616103 = idf(docFreq=3788, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2842)
         0.015660126 = weight(abstract_txt:results in 2842) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.015660126 = score(doc=2842,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08231842 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4257785 = boost
               3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016597196 = queryNorm
             0.19023843 = fieldWeight in 2842, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2842)
         0.052928325 = weight(abstract_txt:methods in 2842) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.052928325 = score(doc=2842,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.11678998 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6982685 = boost
               4.1434727 = idf(docFreq=1915, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016597196 = queryNorm
             0.45319232 = fieldWeight in 2842, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               4.1434727 = idf(docFreq=1915, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2842)
         0.048975978 = weight(abstract_txt:techniques in 2842) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.048975978 = score(doc=2842,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.13972653 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.8575606 = boost
               4.5321174 = idf(docFreq=1298, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016597196 = queryNorm
             0.35051307 = fieldWeight in 2842, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.5321174 = idf(docFreq=1298, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2842)
         0.03126234 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 2842) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03126234 = score(doc=2842,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.16443382 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.8497984 = boost
               3.4765 = idf(docFreq=3732, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016597196 = queryNorm
             0.1901211 = fieldWeight in 2842, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.4765 = idf(docFreq=3732, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2842)
         0.27321744 = weight(abstract_txt:morphological in 2842) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.27321744 = score(doc=2842,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.4395036 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.294464 = boost
               8.037906 = idf(docFreq=38, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016597196 = queryNorm
             0.62165004 = fieldWeight in 2842, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               8.037906 = idf(docFreq=38, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2842)
         0.056707326 = weight(abstract_txt:management in 2842) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.056707326 = score(doc=2842,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.24456985 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.4755218 = boost
               4.239827 = idf(docFreq=1739, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016597196 = queryNorm
             0.23186556 = fieldWeight in 2842, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.239827 = idf(docFreq=1739, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2842)
         0.16574836 = weight(abstract_txt:variation in 2842) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.16574836 = score(doc=2842,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.43676305 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.7922406 = boost
               6.939294 = idf(docFreq=116, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016597196 = queryNorm
             0.37949264 = fieldWeight in 2842, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.939294 = idf(docFreq=116, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2842)
       0.44 = coord(11/25)
   

2. Kettunen, K.; Kunttu, T.; Järvelin, K.: To stem or lemmatize a highly inflectional language in a probabilistic IR environment? (2005) 0.29

   0.2946435 = sum of:
     0.2946435 = product of:
       0.81845415 = sum of:
         0.017192403 = weight(abstract_txt:different in 5395) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.017192403 = score(doc=5395,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.060741305 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.6597328 = idf(docFreq=3107, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016597196 = queryNorm
             0.28304303 = fieldWeight in 5395, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.6597328 = idf(docFreq=3107, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=5395)
         0.02071259 = weight(abstract_txt:value in 5395) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.02071259 = score(doc=5395,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08664816 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1943665 = boost
               4.3710623 = idf(docFreq=1525, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016597196 = queryNorm
             0.23904246 = fieldWeight in 5395, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.3710623 = idf(docFreq=1525, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=5395)
         0.02205745 = weight(abstract_txt:purpose in 5395) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.02205745 = score(doc=5395,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09035938 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2196763 = boost
               4.4636893 = idf(docFreq=1390, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016597196 = queryNorm
             0.244108 = fieldWeight in 5395, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.4636893 = idf(docFreq=1390, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=5395)
         0.034666162 = weight(abstract_txt:languages in 5395) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.034666162 = score(doc=5395,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1221444 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4180604 = boost
               5.189722 = idf(docFreq=672, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016597196 = queryNorm
             0.28381294 = fieldWeight in 5395, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.189722 = idf(docFreq=672, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=5395)
         0.027124133 = weight(abstract_txt:results in 5395) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.027124133 = score(doc=5395,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.08231842 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4257785 = boost
               3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016597196 = queryNorm
             0.3295026 = fieldWeight in 5395, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=5395)
         0.026464162 = weight(abstract_txt:methods in 5395) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.026464162 = score(doc=5395,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11678998 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6982685 = boost
               4.1434727 = idf(docFreq=1915, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016597196 = queryNorm
             0.22659616 = fieldWeight in 5395, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.1434727 = idf(docFreq=1915, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=5395)
         0.03126234 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 5395) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03126234 = score(doc=5395,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.16443382 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.8497984 = boost
               3.4765 = idf(docFreq=3732, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016597196 = queryNorm
             0.1901211 = fieldWeight in 5395, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.4765 = idf(docFreq=3732, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=5395)
         0.47322652 = weight(abstract_txt:morphological in 5395) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.47322652 = score(doc=5395,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.4395036 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.294464 = boost
               8.037906 = idf(docFreq=38, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016597196 = queryNorm
             1.0767295 = fieldWeight in 5395, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               8.037906 = idf(docFreq=38, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=5395)
         0.16574836 = weight(abstract_txt:variation in 5395) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.16574836 = score(doc=5395,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.43676305 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.7922406 = boost
               6.939294 = idf(docFreq=116, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016597196 = queryNorm
             0.37949264 = fieldWeight in 5395, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.939294 = idf(docFreq=116, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=5395)
       0.36 = coord(9/25)
   

3. Ahlgren, P.; Kekäläinen, J.: Indexing strategies for Swedish full text retrieval under different user scenarios (2007) 0.24

   0.23799792 = sum of:
     0.23799792 = product of:
       0.8499926 = sum of:
         0.01389356 = weight(abstract_txt:different in 1896) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.01389356 = score(doc=1896,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.060741305 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.6597328 = idf(docFreq=3107, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016597196 = queryNorm
             0.2287333 = fieldWeight in 1896, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.6597328 = idf(docFreq=3107, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1896)
         0.045907296 = weight(abstract_txt:terms in 1896) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.045907296 = score(doc=1896,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.07415592 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.10492 = boost
               4.043712 = idf(docFreq=2116, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016597196 = queryNorm
             0.6190645 = fieldWeight in 1896, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               4.043712 = idf(docFreq=2116, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1896)
         0.05305324 = weight(abstract_txt:effectiveness in 1896) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.05305324 = score(doc=1896,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.11778041 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3924977 = boost
               5.0961695 = idf(docFreq=738, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016597196 = queryNorm
             0.450442 = fieldWeight in 1896, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.0961695 = idf(docFreq=738, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1896)
         0.024940556 = weight(abstract_txt:paper in 1896) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.024940556 = score(doc=1896,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.081514135 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4187963 = boost
               3.4616103 = idf(docFreq=3788, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016597196 = queryNorm
             0.30596602 = fieldWeight in 1896, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.4616103 = idf(docFreq=3788, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1896)
         0.06188338 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 1896) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06188338 = score(doc=1896,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.16443382 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.8497984 = boost
               3.4765 = idf(docFreq=3732, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016597196 = queryNorm
             0.37634215 = fieldWeight in 1896, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.4765 = idf(docFreq=3732, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1896)
         0.38242474 = weight(abstract_txt:morphological in 1896) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.38242474 = score(doc=1896,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.4395036 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.294464 = boost
               8.037906 = idf(docFreq=38, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016597196 = queryNorm
             0.8701288 = fieldWeight in 1896, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               8.037906 = idf(docFreq=38, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1896)
         0.2678898 = weight(abstract_txt:variation in 1896) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.2678898 = score(doc=1896,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.43676305 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.7922406 = boost
               6.939294 = idf(docFreq=116, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016597196 = queryNorm
             0.6133527 = fieldWeight in 1896, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               6.939294 = idf(docFreq=116, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1896)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)
   

4. Snajder, J.; Dalbelo Basic, B.D.; Tadic, M.: Automatic acquisition of inflectional lexica for morphological normalisation (2008) 0.22

   0.21834965 = sum of:
     0.21834965 = product of:
       0.9097902 = sum of:
         0.07463953 = weight(abstract_txt:variants in 3910) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07463953 = score(doc=3910,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12743959 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0242244 = boost
               7.496775 = idf(docFreq=66, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016597196 = queryNorm
             0.58568555 = fieldWeight in 3910, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.496775 = idf(docFreq=66, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3910)
         0.07003622 = weight(abstract_txt:languages in 3910) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07003622 = score(doc=3910,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.1221444 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4180604 = boost
               5.189722 = idf(docFreq=672, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016597196 = queryNorm
             0.5733887 = fieldWeight in 3910, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.189722 = idf(docFreq=672, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3910)
         0.022044545 = weight(abstract_txt:paper in 3910) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.022044545 = score(doc=3910,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.081514135 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4187963 = boost
               3.4616103 = idf(docFreq=3788, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016597196 = queryNorm
             0.2704383 = fieldWeight in 3910, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.4616103 = idf(docFreq=3788, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3910)
         0.02237161 = weight(abstract_txt:results in 3910) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.02237161 = score(doc=3910,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08231842 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4257785 = boost
               3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016597196 = queryNorm
             0.2717692 = fieldWeight in 3910, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3910)
         0.044660483 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 3910) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.044660483 = score(doc=3910,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.16443382 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.8497984 = boost
               3.4765 = idf(docFreq=3732, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016597196 = queryNorm
             0.27160156 = fieldWeight in 3910, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.4765 = idf(docFreq=3732, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3910)
         0.67603785 = weight(abstract_txt:morphological in 3910) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.67603785 = score(doc=3910,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.4395036 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.294464 = boost
               8.037906 = idf(docFreq=38, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016597196 = queryNorm
             1.538185 = fieldWeight in 3910, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               8.037906 = idf(docFreq=38, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3910)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)
   

5. Zhou, D.; Lawless, S.; Wu, X.; Zhao, W.; Liu, J.: ¬A study of user profile representation for personalized cross-language information retrieval (2016) 0.21

   0.21123251 = sum of:
     0.21123251 = product of:
       0.58675694 = sum of:
         0.018741574 = weight(abstract_txt:terms in 4167) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.018741574 = score(doc=4167,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07415592 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.10492 = boost
               4.043712 = idf(docFreq=2116, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016597196 = queryNorm
             0.252732 = fieldWeight in 4167, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.043712 = idf(docFreq=2116, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4167)
         0.023671532 = weight(abstract_txt:value in 4167) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.023671532 = score(doc=4167,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08664816 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1943665 = boost
               4.3710623 = idf(docFreq=1525, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016597196 = queryNorm
             0.2731914 = fieldWeight in 4167, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.3710623 = idf(docFreq=1525, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4167)
         0.03565022 = weight(abstract_txt:purpose in 4167) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03565022 = score(doc=4167,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.09035938 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2196763 = boost
               4.4636893 = idf(docFreq=1390, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016597196 = queryNorm
             0.3945381 = fieldWeight in 4167, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.4636893 = idf(docFreq=1390, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4167)
         0.024940556 = weight(abstract_txt:paper in 4167) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.024940556 = score(doc=4167,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.081514135 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4187963 = boost
               3.4616103 = idf(docFreq=3788, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016597196 = queryNorm
             0.30596602 = fieldWeight in 4167, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.4616103 = idf(docFreq=3788, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4167)
         0.017897287 = weight(abstract_txt:results in 4167) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.017897287 = score(doc=4167,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08231842 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4257785 = boost
               3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016597196 = queryNorm
             0.21741535 = fieldWeight in 4167, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4167)
         0.052385453 = weight(abstract_txt:methods in 4167) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.052385453 = score(doc=4167,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.11678998 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6982685 = boost
               4.1434727 = idf(docFreq=1915, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016597196 = queryNorm
             0.44854406 = fieldWeight in 4167, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.1434727 = idf(docFreq=1915, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4167)
         0.068552084 = weight(abstract_txt:techniques in 4167) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.068552084 = score(doc=4167,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.13972653 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.8575606 = boost
               4.5321174 = idf(docFreq=1298, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016597196 = queryNorm
             0.49061608 = fieldWeight in 4167, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.5321174 = idf(docFreq=1298, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4167)
         0.29439068 = weight(abstract_txt:monolingual in 4167) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.29439068 = score(doc=4167,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.29300237 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.1963093 = boost
               8.037906 = idf(docFreq=38, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016597196 = queryNorm
             1.0047382 = fieldWeight in 4167, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               8.037906 = idf(docFreq=38, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4167)
         0.05052757 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 4167) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.05052757 = score(doc=4167,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.16443382 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.8497984 = boost
               3.4765 = idf(docFreq=3732, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016597196 = queryNorm
             0.3072821 = fieldWeight in 4167, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.4765 = idf(docFreq=3732, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4167)
       0.36 = coord(9/25)