Document (#34754)

Author

Hu, D.
Kaza, S.
Chen, H.

Title

Identifying significant facilitators of dark network evolution

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 60(2009) no.4, S.655-665

Year

2009

Abstract

Social networks evolve over time with the addition and removal of nodes and links to survive and thrive in their environments. Previous studies have shown that the link-formation process in such networks is influenced by a set of facilitators. However, there have been few empirical evaluations to determine the important facilitators. In a research partnership with law enforcement agencies, we used dynamic social-network analysis methods to examine several plausible facilitators of co-offending relationships in a large-scale narcotics network consisting of individuals and vehicles. Multivariate Cox regression and a two-proportion z-test on cyclic and focal closures of the network showed that mutual acquaintance and vehicle affiliations were significant facilitators for the network under study. We also found that homophily with respect to age, race, and gender were not good predictors of future link formation in these networks. Moreover, we examined the social causes and policy implications for the significance and insignificance of various facilitators including common jails on future co-offending. These findings provide important insights into the link-formation processes and the resilience of social networks. In addition, they can be used to aid in the prediction of future links. The methods described can also help in understanding the driving forces behind the formation and evolution of social networks facilitated by mobile and Web technologies.

Theme

Internet

Similar documents (author)

1. Chen, Y.N.; Chen, S.J.: ¬A metadata practice of the OFLA FRBR model : a case study for the National Palace Museum in Taipai (2004) 4.34

   4.3394766 = sum of:
     4.3394766 = weight(author_txt:chen in 4384) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       4.3394766 = score(doc=4384,freq=2.0), product of:
         0.99999994 = queryWeight, product of:
           6.136947 = idf(docFreq=260, maxDocs=44421)
           0.16294746 = queryNorm
         4.339477 = fieldWeight in 4384, product of:
           1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
             2.0 = termFreq=2.0
           6.136947 = idf(docFreq=260, maxDocs=44421)
           0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=4384)
   

2. Chen, C.C.; Chen, H.H.; Chen, K.H.: ¬The design of the XML/Metadata management system (2000) 3.99

   3.9860637 = sum of:
     3.9860637 = weight(author_txt:chen in 5633) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       3.9860637 = score(doc=5633,freq=3.0), product of:
         0.99999994 = queryWeight, product of:
           6.136947 = idf(docFreq=260, maxDocs=44421)
           0.16294746 = queryNorm
         3.986064 = fieldWeight in 5633, product of:
           1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
             3.0 = termFreq=3.0
           6.136947 = idf(docFreq=260, maxDocs=44421)
           0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=5633)
   

3. Chen, W.Y.: Observations on cataloguing and classification (1991) 3.84

   3.8355918 = sum of:
     3.8355918 = weight(author_txt:chen in 4183) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       3.8355918 = score(doc=4183,freq=1.0), product of:
         0.99999994 = queryWeight, product of:
           6.136947 = idf(docFreq=260, maxDocs=44421)
           0.16294746 = queryNorm
         3.835592 = fieldWeight in 4183, product of:
           1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
             1.0 = termFreq=1.0
           6.136947 = idf(docFreq=260, maxDocs=44421)
           0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=4183)
   

4. Chen, H.: Knowledge-based document retrieval : framework and design (1992) 3.84

   3.8355918 = sum of:
     3.8355918 = weight(author_txt:chen in 5282) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       3.8355918 = score(doc=5282,freq=1.0), product of:
         0.99999994 = queryWeight, product of:
           6.136947 = idf(docFreq=260, maxDocs=44421)
           0.16294746 = queryNorm
         3.835592 = fieldWeight in 5282, product of:
           1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
             1.0 = termFreq=1.0
           6.136947 = idf(docFreq=260, maxDocs=44421)
           0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=5282)
   

5. Chen, P.S.: On inference rules of logic-based information retrieval systems (1994) 3.84

   3.8355918 = sum of:
     3.8355918 = weight(author_txt:chen in 6730) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       3.8355918 = score(doc=6730,freq=1.0), product of:
         0.99999994 = queryWeight, product of:
           6.136947 = idf(docFreq=260, maxDocs=44421)
           0.16294746 = queryNorm
         3.835592 = fieldWeight in 6730, product of:
           1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
             1.0 = termFreq=1.0
           6.136947 = idf(docFreq=260, maxDocs=44421)
           0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=6730)
   

Similar documents (content)

1. Thelwall, M.: Homophily in MySpace (2009) 0.09

   0.088480525 = sum of:
     0.088480525 = product of:
       0.36866885 = sum of:
         0.0137299895 = weight(abstract_txt:important in 3706) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0137299895 = score(doc=3706,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.05217577 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0103894 = boost
               4.21038 = idf(docFreq=1791, maxDocs=44421)
               0.012264752 = queryNorm
             0.26314875 = fieldWeight in 3706, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.21038 = idf(docFreq=1791, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3706)
         0.19342141 = weight(abstract_txt:homophily in 3706) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.19342141 = score(doc=3706,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.13293256 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1403943 = boost
               9.504243 = idf(docFreq=8, maxDocs=44421)
               0.012264752 = queryNorm
             1.4550341 = fieldWeight in 3706, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               9.504243 = idf(docFreq=8, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3706)
         0.019794561 = weight(abstract_txt:significant in 3706) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.019794561 = score(doc=3706,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.06658647 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.141425 = boost
               4.7564163 = idf(docFreq=1037, maxDocs=44421)
               0.012264752 = queryNorm
             0.29727602 = fieldWeight in 3706, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.7564163 = idf(docFreq=1037, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3706)
         0.03414849 = weight(abstract_txt:social in 3706) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03414849 = score(doc=3706,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12999193 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.5216372 = boost
               4.2031517 = idf(docFreq=1804, maxDocs=44421)
               0.012264752 = queryNorm
             0.26269698 = fieldWeight in 3706, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.2031517 = idf(docFreq=1804, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3706)
         0.045466468 = weight(abstract_txt:network in 3706) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.045466468 = score(doc=3706,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.15732445 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.7741024 = boost
               4.6239696 = idf(docFreq=1184, maxDocs=44421)
               0.012264752 = queryNorm
             0.2889981 = fieldWeight in 3706, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.6239696 = idf(docFreq=1184, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3706)
         0.062107913 = weight(abstract_txt:networks in 3706) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.062107913 = score(doc=3706,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.19368681 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.078041 = boost
               5.1305847 = idf(docFreq=713, maxDocs=44421)
               0.012264752 = queryNorm
             0.32066154 = fieldWeight in 3706, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.1305847 = idf(docFreq=713, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3706)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)
   

2. Jiang, X.; Zhu, X.; Chen, J.: Main path analysis on cyclic citation networks (2020) 0.08

   0.08460945 = sum of:
     0.08460945 = product of:
       0.42304724 = sum of:
         0.053918514 = weight(abstract_txt:removal in 813) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.053918514 = score(doc=813,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10307912 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0042105 = boost
               8.369263 = idf(docFreq=27, maxDocs=44421)
               0.012264752 = queryNorm
             0.5230789 = fieldWeight in 813, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.369263 = idf(docFreq=27, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=813)
         0.1322713 = weight(abstract_txt:cyclic in 813) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.1322713 = score(doc=813,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.13000162 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1277524 = boost
               9.398883 = idf(docFreq=9, maxDocs=44421)
               0.012264752 = queryNorm
             1.0174589 = fieldWeight in 813, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               9.398883 = idf(docFreq=9, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=813)
         0.033891357 = weight(abstract_txt:evolution in 813) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.033891357 = score(doc=813,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09529747 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3655106 = boost
               5.6902003 = idf(docFreq=407, maxDocs=44421)
               0.012264752 = queryNorm
             0.35563752 = fieldWeight in 813, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.6902003 = idf(docFreq=407, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=813)
         0.07875023 = weight(abstract_txt:network in 813) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07875023 = score(doc=813,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.15732445 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.7741024 = boost
               4.6239696 = idf(docFreq=1184, maxDocs=44421)
               0.012264752 = queryNorm
             0.5005594 = fieldWeight in 813, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.6239696 = idf(docFreq=1184, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=813)
         0.12421583 = weight(abstract_txt:networks in 813) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.12421583 = score(doc=813,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.19368681 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.078041 = boost
               5.1305847 = idf(docFreq=713, maxDocs=44421)
               0.012264752 = queryNorm
             0.6413231 = fieldWeight in 813, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               5.1305847 = idf(docFreq=713, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=813)
       0.2 = coord(5/25)
   

3. Liben-Nowell, D.; Kleinberg, J.: ¬The link-prediction problem for social networks (2007) 0.08

   0.08316111 = sum of:
     0.08316111 = product of:
       0.41580552 = sum of:
         0.04446701 = weight(abstract_txt:future in 1330) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.04446701 = score(doc=1330,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.0791906 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5245329 = boost
               4.23524 = idf(docFreq=1747, maxDocs=44421)
               0.012264752 = queryNorm
             0.5615188 = fieldWeight in 1330, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.23524 = idf(docFreq=1747, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1330)
         0.108828574 = weight(abstract_txt:link in 1330) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.108828574 = score(doc=1330,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.14381702 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.0544953 = boost
               5.707506 = idf(docFreq=400, maxDocs=44421)
               0.012264752 = queryNorm
             0.75671554 = fieldWeight in 1330, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.707506 = idf(docFreq=400, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1330)
         0.051222734 = weight(abstract_txt:social in 1330) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.051222734 = score(doc=1330,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12999193 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.5216372 = boost
               4.2031517 = idf(docFreq=1804, maxDocs=44421)
               0.012264752 = queryNorm
             0.39404547 = fieldWeight in 1330, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.2031517 = idf(docFreq=1804, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1330)
         0.11812535 = weight(abstract_txt:network in 1330) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.11812535 = score(doc=1330,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.15732445 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.7741024 = boost
               4.6239696 = idf(docFreq=1184, maxDocs=44421)
               0.012264752 = queryNorm
             0.7508391 = fieldWeight in 1330, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.6239696 = idf(docFreq=1184, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1330)
         0.093161866 = weight(abstract_txt:networks in 1330) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.093161866 = score(doc=1330,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.19368681 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.078041 = boost
               5.1305847 = idf(docFreq=713, maxDocs=44421)
               0.012264752 = queryNorm
             0.48099232 = fieldWeight in 1330, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.1305847 = idf(docFreq=713, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1330)
       0.2 = coord(5/25)
   

4. Zhang, J.; Zhai, S.; Liu, H.; Stevenson, J.A.: Social network analysis on a topic-based navigation guidance system in a public health portal (2016) 0.08

   0.08307937 = sum of:
     0.08307937 = product of:
       0.34616405 = sum of:
         0.019794561 = weight(abstract_txt:significant in 3887) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.019794561 = score(doc=3887,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.06658647 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.141425 = boost
               4.7564163 = idf(docFreq=1037, maxDocs=44421)
               0.012264752 = queryNorm
             0.29727602 = fieldWeight in 3887, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.7564163 = idf(docFreq=1037, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3887)
         0.02096195 = weight(abstract_txt:future in 3887) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.02096195 = score(doc=3887,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.0791906 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5245329 = boost
               4.23524 = idf(docFreq=1747, maxDocs=44421)
               0.012264752 = queryNorm
             0.2647025 = fieldWeight in 3887, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.23524 = idf(docFreq=1747, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3887)
         0.088858165 = weight(abstract_txt:link in 3887) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.088858165 = score(doc=3887,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.14381702 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.0544953 = boost
               5.707506 = idf(docFreq=400, maxDocs=44421)
               0.012264752 = queryNorm
             0.61785567 = fieldWeight in 3887, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               5.707506 = idf(docFreq=400, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3887)
         0.03414849 = weight(abstract_txt:social in 3887) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03414849 = score(doc=3887,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12999193 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.5216372 = boost
               4.2031517 = idf(docFreq=1804, maxDocs=44421)
               0.012264752 = queryNorm
             0.26269698 = fieldWeight in 3887, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.2031517 = idf(docFreq=1804, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3887)
         0.12029296 = weight(abstract_txt:network in 3887) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.12029296 = score(doc=3887,freq=7.0), product of:
             0.15732445 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.7741024 = boost
               4.6239696 = idf(docFreq=1184, maxDocs=44421)
               0.012264752 = queryNorm
             0.7646171 = fieldWeight in 3887, product of:
               2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                 7.0 = termFreq=7.0
               4.6239696 = idf(docFreq=1184, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3887)
         0.062107913 = weight(abstract_txt:networks in 3887) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.062107913 = score(doc=3887,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.19368681 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.078041 = boost
               5.1305847 = idf(docFreq=713, maxDocs=44421)
               0.012264752 = queryNorm
             0.32066154 = fieldWeight in 3887, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.1305847 = idf(docFreq=713, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3887)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)
   

5. Jiang, X.; Liu, J.: Extracting the evolutionary backbone of scientific domains : the semantic main path network analysis approach based on citation context analysis (2023) 0.08

   0.08178521 = sum of:
     0.08178521 = product of:
       0.29209003 = sum of:
         0.0137299895 = weight(abstract_txt:important in 1949) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0137299895 = score(doc=1949,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.05217577 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0103894 = boost
               4.21038 = idf(docFreq=1791, maxDocs=44421)
               0.012264752 = queryNorm
             0.26314875 = fieldWeight in 1949, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.21038 = idf(docFreq=1791, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1949)
         0.019794561 = weight(abstract_txt:significant in 1949) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.019794561 = score(doc=1949,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.06658647 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.141425 = boost
               4.7564163 = idf(docFreq=1037, maxDocs=44421)
               0.012264752 = queryNorm
             0.29727602 = fieldWeight in 1949, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.7564163 = idf(docFreq=1037, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1949)
         0.024945386 = weight(abstract_txt:addition in 1949) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.024945386 = score(doc=1949,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.0776871 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2329028 = boost
               5.137612 = idf(docFreq=708, maxDocs=44421)
               0.012264752 = queryNorm
             0.32110074 = fieldWeight in 1949, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.137612 = idf(docFreq=708, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1949)
         0.033891357 = weight(abstract_txt:evolution in 1949) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.033891357 = score(doc=1949,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09529747 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3655106 = boost
               5.6902003 = idf(docFreq=407, maxDocs=44421)
               0.012264752 = queryNorm
             0.35563752 = fieldWeight in 1949, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.6902003 = idf(docFreq=407, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1949)
         0.02096195 = weight(abstract_txt:future in 1949) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.02096195 = score(doc=1949,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.0791906 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5245329 = boost
               4.23524 = idf(docFreq=1747, maxDocs=44421)
               0.012264752 = queryNorm
             0.2647025 = fieldWeight in 1949, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.23524 = idf(docFreq=1747, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1949)
         0.090932935 = weight(abstract_txt:network in 1949) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.090932935 = score(doc=1949,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.15732445 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.7741024 = boost
               4.6239696 = idf(docFreq=1184, maxDocs=44421)
               0.012264752 = queryNorm
             0.5779962 = fieldWeight in 1949, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               4.6239696 = idf(docFreq=1184, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1949)
         0.08783385 = weight(abstract_txt:networks in 1949) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08783385 = score(doc=1949,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.19368681 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.078041 = boost
               5.1305847 = idf(docFreq=713, maxDocs=44421)
               0.012264752 = queryNorm
             0.4534839 = fieldWeight in 1949, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.1305847 = idf(docFreq=713, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1949)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)