Document (#34582)

Author
Van Epps, A.S.
Title
¬The evolution of electronic reference sources
Source
Library hi tech. 23(2005) no.2, S.287-298
Year
2005
Abstract
Purpose - To provide a historical look at the development of web versions of reference materials and discuss what makes an easy-to-use and useful electronic handbook. Design/methodology/approach - Electronic reference materials were limited to handbooks available on the web. Observations and assumptions about usability are tested with an information retrieval test for specific tasks in print and online editions of the same texts. Findings - Recommended adoption of those elements which create a well-designed book in combination with robust search capabilities and online presentation result in an easy-to-use and useful electronic reference source. Research limitations/implications - The small sample size that was used for testing limits the ability to draw conclusions, and is used only as an indication of the differences between models. A more thorough look at difference between electronic book aggregates, such as ENGnetBASE, Knovel® and Referex would highlight the best features for electronic reference materials. Practical implications - Advantages to particular models for electronic reference publishing are discussed, raising awareness for product evaluation. Areas of development for electronic reference book publishers or providers are identified. Work in these areas would help ensure maximum efficiency through cross title searching via meta-searching and data manipulation. Originality/value - The paper presents results from some human computer interaction studies about electronic books which have been implemented in a web interface, and the positive effects achieved.
Theme
Informationsmittel
Internet
Location
USA

Similar documents (content)

  1. Conner-Sax, K.; Krol, E.: ¬The whole Internet : the next generation (1999) 0.26
    0.25958988 = sum of:
      0.25958988 = product of:
        1.0816245 = sum of:
          0.022326538 = weight(abstract_txt:online in 2448) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.022326538 = score(doc=2448,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.07877624 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0599221 = boost
                3.6645708 = idf(docFreq=3092, maxDocs=44421)
                0.020281412 = queryNorm
              0.28341717 = fieldWeight in 2448, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                3.6645708 = idf(docFreq=3092, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2448)
          0.01926109 = weight(abstract_txt:about in 2448) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.01926109 = score(doc=2448,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.08994524 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.132571 = boost
                3.9157467 = idf(docFreq=2405, maxDocs=44421)
                0.020281412 = queryNorm
              0.2141424 = fieldWeight in 2448, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.9157467 = idf(docFreq=2405, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2448)
          0.7945803 = weight(subject_txt:handbooks in 2448) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.7945803 = score(doc=2448,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.2130817 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2326348 = boost
                8.523414 = idf(docFreq=23, maxDocs=44421)
                0.020281412 = queryNorm
              3.7289934 = fieldWeight in 2448, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                8.523414 = idf(docFreq=23, maxDocs=44421)
                0.4375 = fieldNorm(doc=2448)
          0.03629635 = weight(abstract_txt:useful in 2448) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.03629635 = score(doc=2448,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.1372249 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3989197 = boost
                4.83662 = idf(docFreq=957, maxDocs=44421)
                0.020281412 = queryNorm
              0.26450264 = fieldWeight in 2448, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.83662 = idf(docFreq=957, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2448)
          0.09547727 = weight(abstract_txt:book in 2448) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.09547727 = score(doc=2448,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.20754597 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.1070707 = boost
                4.8566523 = idf(docFreq=938, maxDocs=44421)
                0.020281412 = queryNorm
              0.4600295 = fieldWeight in 2448, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                4.8566523 = idf(docFreq=938, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2448)
          0.11368287 = weight(abstract_txt:electronic in 2448) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.11368287 = score(doc=2448,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.4849815 = queryWeight, product of:
                5.5788565 = boost
                4.2862926 = idf(docFreq=1660, maxDocs=44421)
                0.020281412 = queryNorm
              0.23440662 = fieldWeight in 2448, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.2862926 = idf(docFreq=1660, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2448)
        0.24 = coord(6/25)
    
  2. Handbook on electronic commerce (2000) 0.26
    0.25870138 = sum of:
      0.25870138 = product of:
        1.2935069 = sum of:
          0.6633055 = weight(title_txt:handbook in 1820) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.6633055 = score(doc=1820,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.17282322 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1101007 = boost
                7.676116 = idf(docFreq=55, maxDocs=44421)
                0.020281412 = queryNorm
              3.838058 = fieldWeight in 1820, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                7.676116 = idf(docFreq=55, maxDocs=44421)
                0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=1820)
          0.041699372 = weight(abstract_txt:development in 1820) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.041699372 = score(doc=1820,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.08674864 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1122634 = boost
                3.8455355 = idf(docFreq=2580, maxDocs=44421)
                0.020281412 = queryNorm
              0.48069194 = fieldWeight in 1820, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.8455355 = idf(docFreq=2580, maxDocs=44421)
                0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=1820)
          0.06597982 = weight(abstract_txt:implications in 1820) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.06597982 = score(doc=1820,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.11779235 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2960892 = boost
                4.481094 = idf(docFreq=1366, maxDocs=44421)
                0.020281412 = queryNorm
              0.56013674 = fieldWeight in 1820, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.481094 = idf(docFreq=1366, maxDocs=44421)
                0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=1820)
          0.072454646 = weight(abstract_txt:models in 1820) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.072454646 = score(doc=1820,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.12537776 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3371699 = boost
                4.623126 = idf(docFreq=1185, maxDocs=44421)
                0.020281412 = queryNorm
              0.57789075 = fieldWeight in 1820, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.623126 = idf(docFreq=1185, maxDocs=44421)
                0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=1820)
          0.4500675 = weight(abstract_txt:electronic in 1820) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.4500675 = score(doc=1820,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.4849815 = queryWeight, product of:
                5.5788565 = boost
                4.2862926 = idf(docFreq=1660, maxDocs=44421)
                0.020281412 = queryNorm
              0.92800957 = fieldWeight in 1820, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                4.2862926 = idf(docFreq=1660, maxDocs=44421)
                0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=1820)
        0.2 = coord(5/25)
    
  3. Wertsman, V.F.: ¬The librarian's companion : a handbook of thousands of facts and figures on libraries / libriarians, books / newspapers, publishers / booksellers (1996) 0.25
    0.24992485 = sum of:
      0.24992485 = product of:
        1.2496243 = sum of:
          0.29019618 = weight(title_txt:handbook in 3452) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.29019618 = score(doc=3452,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.17282322 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1101007 = boost
                7.676116 = idf(docFreq=55, maxDocs=44421)
                0.020281412 = queryNorm
              1.6791503 = fieldWeight in 3452, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                7.676116 = idf(docFreq=55, maxDocs=44421)
                0.21875 = fieldNorm(doc=3452)
          0.03812707 = weight(abstract_txt:about in 3452) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.03812707 = score(doc=3452,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.08994524 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.132571 = boost
                3.9157467 = idf(docFreq=2405, maxDocs=44421)
                0.020281412 = queryNorm
              0.423892 = fieldWeight in 3452, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                3.9157467 = idf(docFreq=2405, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3452)
          0.6810688 = weight(subject_txt:handbooks in 3452) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.6810688 = score(doc=3452,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.2130817 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2326348 = boost
                8.523414 = idf(docFreq=23, maxDocs=44421)
                0.020281412 = queryNorm
              3.19628 = fieldWeight in 3452, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                8.523414 = idf(docFreq=23, maxDocs=44421)
                0.1875 = fieldNorm(doc=3452)
          0.12599732 = weight(abstract_txt:book in 3452) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.12599732 = score(doc=3452,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.20754597 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.1070707 = boost
                4.8566523 = idf(docFreq=938, maxDocs=44421)
                0.020281412 = queryNorm
              0.60708153 = fieldWeight in 3452, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                4.8566523 = idf(docFreq=938, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3452)
          0.11423494 = weight(abstract_txt:reference in 3452) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.11423494 = score(doc=3452,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.40934074 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.52015 = boost
                4.4651284 = idf(docFreq=1388, maxDocs=44421)
                0.020281412 = queryNorm
              0.27907053 = fieldWeight in 3452, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.4651284 = idf(docFreq=1388, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3452)
        0.2 = coord(5/25)
    
  4. Pester, D.: Finding legal information : a guide to print and electronic sources (2003) 0.24
    0.2392193 = sum of:
      0.2392193 = product of:
        0.8543546 = sum of:
          0.027063854 = weight(abstract_txt:online in 5508) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.027063854 = score(doc=5508,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.07877624 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0599221 = boost
                3.6645708 = idf(docFreq=3092, maxDocs=44421)
                0.020281412 = queryNorm
              0.3435535 = fieldWeight in 5508, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.6645708 = idf(docFreq=3092, maxDocs=44421)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=5508)
          0.06222231 = weight(abstract_txt:useful in 5508) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.06222231 = score(doc=5508,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.1372249 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3989197 = boost
                4.83662 = idf(docFreq=957, maxDocs=44421)
                0.020281412 = queryNorm
              0.4534331 = fieldWeight in 5508, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.83662 = idf(docFreq=957, maxDocs=44421)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=5508)
          0.06358505 = weight(abstract_txt:areas in 5508) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.06358505 = score(doc=5508,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.13922124 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.4090587 = boost
                4.871674 = idf(docFreq=924, maxDocs=44421)
                0.020281412 = queryNorm
              0.45671946 = fieldWeight in 5508, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.871674 = idf(docFreq=924, maxDocs=44421)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=5508)
          0.120881796 = weight(abstract_txt:easy in 5508) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.120881796 = score(doc=5508,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.21365322 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.745545 = boost
                6.035041 = idf(docFreq=288, maxDocs=44421)
                0.020281412 = queryNorm
              0.56578505 = fieldWeight in 5508, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.035041 = idf(docFreq=288, maxDocs=44421)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=5508)
          0.13364033 = weight(abstract_txt:book in 5508) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.13364033 = score(doc=5508,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.20754597 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.1070707 = boost
                4.8566523 = idf(docFreq=938, maxDocs=44421)
                0.020281412 = queryNorm
              0.6439072 = fieldWeight in 5508, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                4.8566523 = idf(docFreq=938, maxDocs=44421)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=5508)
          0.17135242 = weight(abstract_txt:reference in 5508) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.17135242 = score(doc=5508,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.40934074 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.52015 = boost
                4.4651284 = idf(docFreq=1388, maxDocs=44421)
                0.020281412 = queryNorm
              0.4186058 = fieldWeight in 5508, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.4651284 = idf(docFreq=1388, maxDocs=44421)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=5508)
          0.2756089 = weight(abstract_txt:electronic in 5508) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.2756089 = score(doc=5508,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.4849815 = queryWeight, product of:
                5.5788565 = boost
                4.2862926 = idf(docFreq=1660, maxDocs=44421)
                0.020281412 = queryNorm
              0.56828743 = fieldWeight in 5508, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                4.2862926 = idf(docFreq=1660, maxDocs=44421)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=5508)
        0.28 = coord(7/25)
    
  5. Carande, R.: Automation in library reference services : a handbook (1993) 0.23
    0.22519237 = sum of:
      0.22519237 = product of:
        1.4074523 = sum of:
          0.49747914 = weight(title_txt:handbook in 1765) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.49747914 = score(doc=1765,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.17282322 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1101007 = boost
                7.676116 = idf(docFreq=55, maxDocs=44421)
                0.020281412 = queryNorm
              2.8785434 = fieldWeight in 1765, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                7.676116 = idf(docFreq=55, maxDocs=44421)
                0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=1765)
          0.56755733 = weight(subject_txt:handbooks in 1765) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.56755733 = score(doc=1765,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.2130817 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2326348 = boost
                8.523414 = idf(docFreq=23, maxDocs=44421)
                0.020281412 = queryNorm
              2.6635668 = fieldWeight in 1765, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                8.523414 = idf(docFreq=23, maxDocs=44421)
                0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=1765)
          0.14250468 = weight(abstract_txt:look in 1765) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.14250468 = score(doc=1765,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.21514127 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.7516131 = boost
                6.0560207 = idf(docFreq=282, maxDocs=44421)
                0.020281412 = queryNorm
              0.66237724 = fieldWeight in 1765, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.0560207 = idf(docFreq=282, maxDocs=44421)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=1765)
          0.19991115 = weight(abstract_txt:reference in 1765) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.19991115 = score(doc=1765,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.40934074 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.52015 = boost
                4.4651284 = idf(docFreq=1388, maxDocs=44421)
                0.020281412 = queryNorm
              0.48837343 = fieldWeight in 1765, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.4651284 = idf(docFreq=1388, maxDocs=44421)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=1765)
        0.16 = coord(4/25)