Document (#34107)

Author

Fattahi, R.
Wilson, C.S.
Cole, F.

Title

¬An alternative approach to natural language query expansion in search engines : text analysis of non-topical terms in Web documents

Source

Information processing and management. 44(2008) no.4, S.1503-1516

Year

2008

Abstract

This paper presents a new approach to query expansion in search engines through the use of general non-topical terms (NTTs) and domain-specific semi-topical terms (STTs). NTTs and STTs can be used in conjunction with topical terms (TTs) to improve precision in retrieval results. In Phase I, 20 topical queries in two domains (Health and the Social Sciences) were carried out in Google and from the results of the queries, 800 pages were textually analysed. Of 1442 NTTs and STTs identified, 15% were shared between the two domains; 62% were NTTs and 38% were STTs; and approximately 64% occurred before while 36% occurred after their respective topical terms (TTs). Findings of Phase II showed that query expansion through NTTs (or STTs) particularly in the 'exact title' and URL search options resulted in more precise and manageable results. Statistically significant differences were found between Health and the Social Sciences vis-à-vis keyword and 'exact phrase' search results; however there were no significant differences in exact title and URL search results. The ratio of exact phrase, exact title, and URL search result frequencies to keyword search result frequencies also showed statistically significant differences between the two domains. Our findings suggest that web searching could be greatly enhanced combining NTTs (and STTs) with TTs in an initial query. Additionally, search results would improve if queries are restricted to the exact title or URL search options. Finally, we suggest the development and implementation of knowledge-based lists of NTTs (and STTs) by both general and specialized search engines to aid query expansion.

Theme

Suchmaschinen

Similar documents (author)

1. Fattahi, R.: ¬A comparison between the online catalogue and the card catalogue : some considerations for redesigning bibliographic standards (1995) 1.37

   1.366292 = sum of:
     1.366292 = product of:
       4.098876 = sum of:
         4.098876 = weight(author_txt:fattahi in 3896) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           4.098876 = score(doc=3896,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.7292224 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.279539 = boost
               8.993418 = idf(docFreq=14, maxDocs=44421)
               0.06336971 = queryNorm
             5.620886 = fieldWeight in 3896, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.993418 = idf(docFreq=14, maxDocs=44421)
               0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=3896)
       0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
   

2. Fattahi, R.: Super records : an approach towards the description of works appearing in various manifestations (1996) 1.37

   1.366292 = sum of:
     1.366292 = product of:
       4.098876 = sum of:
         4.098876 = weight(author_txt:fattahi in 5169) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           4.098876 = score(doc=5169,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.7292224 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.279539 = boost
               8.993418 = idf(docFreq=14, maxDocs=44421)
               0.06336971 = queryNorm
             5.620886 = fieldWeight in 5169, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.993418 = idf(docFreq=14, maxDocs=44421)
               0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=5169)
       0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
   

3. Fattahi, R.: ¬A comparison between the online catalogue and the card catalogue : some considerations for redesigning bibliographic standards (1995) 1.37

   1.366292 = sum of:
     1.366292 = product of:
       4.098876 = sum of:
         4.098876 = weight(author_txt:fattahi in 6499) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           4.098876 = score(doc=6499,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.7292224 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.279539 = boost
               8.993418 = idf(docFreq=14, maxDocs=44421)
               0.06336971 = queryNorm
             5.620886 = fieldWeight in 6499, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.993418 = idf(docFreq=14, maxDocs=44421)
               0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=6499)
       0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
   

4. Fattahi, R.: ¬A uniform approach to the indexing of cataloguing data in online library systems (1997) 1.37

   1.366292 = sum of:
     1.366292 = product of:
       4.098876 = sum of:
         4.098876 = weight(author_txt:fattahi in 1131) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           4.098876 = score(doc=1131,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.7292224 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.279539 = boost
               8.993418 = idf(docFreq=14, maxDocs=44421)
               0.06336971 = queryNorm
             5.620886 = fieldWeight in 1131, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.993418 = idf(docFreq=14, maxDocs=44421)
               0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=1131)
       0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
   

5. Fattahi, R.: Library cataloguing and abstracting and indexing services : reconciliation of principles in the online environment (1998) 1.37

   1.366292 = sum of:
     1.366292 = product of:
       4.098876 = sum of:
         4.098876 = weight(author_txt:fattahi in 3587) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           4.098876 = score(doc=3587,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.7292224 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.279539 = boost
               8.993418 = idf(docFreq=14, maxDocs=44421)
               0.06336971 = queryNorm
             5.620886 = fieldWeight in 3587, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.993418 = idf(docFreq=14, maxDocs=44421)
               0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=3587)
       0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
   

Similar documents (content)

1. Paris, L.A.H.; Tibbo, H.R.: Freestyle vs. Boolean : a comparison of partial and exact match retrieval systems (1998) 0.32

   0.3165509 = sum of:
     0.3165509 = product of:
       0.98922163 = sum of:
         0.043284085 = weight(abstract_txt:suggest in 4329) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.043284085 = score(doc=4329,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.0889637 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.189722 = idf(docFreq=672, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017142287 = queryNorm
             0.48653644 = fieldWeight in 4329, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.189722 = idf(docFreq=672, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=4329)
         0.076248266 = weight(abstract_txt:options in 4329) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.076248266 = score(doc=4329,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12976195 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2077228 = boost
               6.2677455 = idf(docFreq=228, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017142287 = queryNorm
             0.5876011 = fieldWeight in 4329, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.2677455 = idf(docFreq=228, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=4329)
         0.061674513 = weight(abstract_txt:queries in 4329) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.061674513 = score(doc=4329,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12895206 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4745291 = boost
               5.1015973 = idf(docFreq=734, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017142287 = queryNorm
             0.47827476 = fieldWeight in 4329, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.1015973 = idf(docFreq=734, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=4329)
         0.068749234 = weight(abstract_txt:engines in 4329) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.068749234 = score(doc=4329,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.13863398 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5288823 = boost
               5.2896495 = idf(docFreq=608, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017142287 = queryNorm
             0.49590462 = fieldWeight in 4329, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.2896495 = idf(docFreq=608, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=4329)
         0.05530478 = weight(abstract_txt:results in 4329) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.05530478 = score(doc=4329,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.119913 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.0108855 = boost
               3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017142287 = queryNorm
             0.46120757 = fieldWeight in 4329, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=4329)
         0.117669314 = weight(abstract_txt:query in 4329) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.117669314 = score(doc=4329,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.18666928 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.2903402 = boost
               4.754492 = idf(docFreq=1039, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017142287 = queryNorm
             0.6303625 = fieldWeight in 4329, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.754492 = idf(docFreq=1039, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=4329)
         0.07557615 = weight(abstract_txt:search in 4329) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07557615 = score(doc=4329,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.22058393 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.5209959 = boost
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017142287 = queryNorm
             0.34261855 = fieldWeight in 4329, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=4329)
         0.4907153 = weight(abstract_txt:exact in 4329) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.4907153 = score(doc=4329,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.5139381 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.1630306 = boost
               7.201658 = idf(docFreq=89, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017142287 = queryNorm
             0.95481396 = fieldWeight in 4329, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               7.201658 = idf(docFreq=89, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=4329)
       0.32 = coord(8/25)
   

2. Deokattey, S.; Dixit, D.K.; Bhanumurthy, K.: Co-word and facet analysis as tools for conceptualization in ontologies : a preliminary study of a micro-domain (2012) 0.23

   0.23268636 = sum of:
     0.23268636 = product of:
       0.646351 = sum of:
         0.04014225 = weight(abstract_txt:showed in 1841) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.04014225 = score(doc=1841,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11086369 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1163188 = boost
               5.7933846 = idf(docFreq=367, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017142287 = queryNorm
             0.36208653 = fieldWeight in 1841, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.7933846 = idf(docFreq=367, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1841)
         0.0376472 = weight(abstract_txt:differences in 1841) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0376472 = score(doc=1841,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12159258 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4318342 = boost
               4.9538813 = idf(docFreq=851, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017142287 = queryNorm
             0.30961758 = fieldWeight in 1841, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.9538813 = idf(docFreq=851, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1841)
         0.08646708 = weight(abstract_txt:occurred in 1841) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08646708 = score(doc=1841,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.18490787 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.441688 = boost
               7.48196 = idf(docFreq=67, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017142287 = queryNorm
             0.4676225 = fieldWeight in 1841, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.48196 = idf(docFreq=67, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1841)
         0.12768707 = weight(abstract_txt:frequencies in 1841) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.12768707 = score(doc=1841,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.19031638 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4626205 = boost
               7.590594 = idf(docFreq=60, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017142287 = queryNorm
             0.67092 = fieldWeight in 1841, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               7.590594 = idf(docFreq=60, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1841)
         0.053709045 = weight(abstract_txt:domains in 1841) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.053709045 = score(doc=1841,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.15409324 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6118736 = boost
               5.576784 = idf(docFreq=456, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017142287 = queryNorm
             0.348549 = fieldWeight in 1841, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.576784 = idf(docFreq=456, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1841)
         0.055469844 = weight(abstract_txt:query in 1841) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.055469844 = score(doc=1841,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.18666928 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.2903402 = boost
               4.754492 = idf(docFreq=1039, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017142287 = queryNorm
             0.29715574 = fieldWeight in 1841, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.754492 = idf(docFreq=1039, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1841)
         0.09403 = weight(abstract_txt:expansion in 1841) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09403 = score(doc=1841,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.2463632 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.353404 = boost
               6.106756 = idf(docFreq=268, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017142287 = queryNorm
             0.38167226 = fieldWeight in 1841, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.106756 = idf(docFreq=268, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1841)
         0.10081442 = weight(abstract_txt:were in 1841) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.10081442 = score(doc=1841,freq=8.0), product of:
             0.15549962 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.4733882 = boost
               3.6674848 = idf(docFreq=3083, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017142287 = queryNorm
             0.6483258 = fieldWeight in 1841, product of:
               2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
                 8.0 = termFreq=8.0
               3.6674848 = idf(docFreq=3083, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1841)
         0.0503841 = weight(abstract_txt:search in 1841) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0503841 = score(doc=1841,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.22058393 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.5209959 = boost
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017142287 = queryNorm
             0.22841237 = fieldWeight in 1841, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1841)
       0.36 = coord(9/25)
   

3. Shiri, A.A.; Revie, C.: Query expansion behavior within a thesaurus-enhanced search environment : a user-centered evaluation (2006) 0.23

   0.22603491 = sum of:
     0.22603491 = product of:
       0.62787473 = sum of:
         0.03332234 = weight(abstract_txt:significant in 1056) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03332234 = score(doc=1056,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11209226 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3747604 = boost
               4.7564163 = idf(docFreq=1037, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017142287 = queryNorm
             0.29727602 = fieldWeight in 1056, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.7564163 = idf(docFreq=1037, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1056)
         0.0376472 = weight(abstract_txt:differences in 1056) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0376472 = score(doc=1056,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12159258 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4318342 = boost
               4.9538813 = idf(docFreq=851, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017142287 = queryNorm
             0.30961758 = fieldWeight in 1056, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.9538813 = idf(docFreq=851, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1056)
         0.041116342 = weight(abstract_txt:queries in 1056) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.041116342 = score(doc=1056,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12895206 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4745291 = boost
               5.1015973 = idf(docFreq=734, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017142287 = queryNorm
             0.31884983 = fieldWeight in 1056, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.1015973 = idf(docFreq=734, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1056)
         0.0835913 = weight(abstract_txt:terms in 1056) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0835913 = score(doc=1056,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.1350284 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9479426 = boost
               4.043712 = idf(docFreq=2116, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017142287 = queryNorm
             0.6190645 = fieldWeight in 1056, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               4.043712 = idf(docFreq=2116, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1056)
         0.026070926 = weight(abstract_txt:results in 1056) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.026070926 = score(doc=1056,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.119913 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.0108855 = boost
               3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017142287 = queryNorm
             0.21741535 = fieldWeight in 1056, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1056)
         0.0784462 = weight(abstract_txt:query in 1056) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0784462 = score(doc=1056,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.18666928 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.2903402 = boost
               4.754492 = idf(docFreq=1039, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017142287 = queryNorm
             0.42024165 = fieldWeight in 1056, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.754492 = idf(docFreq=1039, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1056)
         0.1329785 = weight(abstract_txt:expansion in 1056) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.1329785 = score(doc=1056,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.2463632 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.353404 = boost
               6.106756 = idf(docFreq=268, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017142287 = queryNorm
             0.5397661 = fieldWeight in 1056, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               6.106756 = idf(docFreq=268, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1056)
         0.07128656 = weight(abstract_txt:were in 1056) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07128656 = score(doc=1056,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.15549962 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.4733882 = boost
               3.6674848 = idf(docFreq=3083, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017142287 = queryNorm
             0.4584356 = fieldWeight in 1056, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               3.6674848 = idf(docFreq=3083, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1056)
         0.123415336 = weight(abstract_txt:search in 1056) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.123415336 = score(doc=1056,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.22058393 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.5209959 = boost
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017142287 = queryNorm
             0.5594938 = fieldWeight in 1056, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1056)
       0.36 = coord(9/25)
   

4. Arastoopoor, S.; Fattahi, R.: ¬A more effective Web search through developing a small thesaurus of non-topical terms : a proposed model to improve pertinence and retrieval relevance (2014) 0.21

   0.2136095 = sum of:
     0.2136095 = product of:
       0.76289105 = sum of:
         0.062770516 = weight(abstract_txt:phase in 2422) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.062770516 = score(doc=2422,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.1295816 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2068832 = boost
               6.263388 = idf(docFreq=229, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017142287 = queryNorm
             0.48440918 = fieldWeight in 2422, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               6.263388 = idf(docFreq=229, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2422)
         0.06231364 = weight(abstract_txt:queries in 2422) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06231364 = score(doc=2422,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.12895206 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4745291 = boost
               5.1015973 = idf(docFreq=734, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017142287 = queryNorm
             0.48323107 = fieldWeight in 2422, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               5.1015973 = idf(docFreq=734, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2422)
         0.08445753 = weight(abstract_txt:terms in 2422) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08445753 = score(doc=2422,freq=8.0), product of:
             0.1350284 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9479426 = boost
               4.043712 = idf(docFreq=2116, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017142287 = queryNorm
             0.62547976 = fieldWeight in 2422, product of:
               2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
                 8.0 = termFreq=8.0
               4.043712 = idf(docFreq=2116, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2422)
         0.045624122 = weight(abstract_txt:results in 2422) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.045624122 = score(doc=2422,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.119913 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.0108855 = boost
               3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017142287 = queryNorm
             0.38047686 = fieldWeight in 2422, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               3.4786456 = idf(docFreq=3724, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2422)
         0.044106305 = weight(abstract_txt:were in 2422) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.044106305 = score(doc=2422,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.15549962 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.4733882 = boost
               3.6674848 = idf(docFreq=3083, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017142287 = queryNorm
             0.28364253 = fieldWeight in 2422, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.6674848 = idf(docFreq=3083, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2422)
         0.044086087 = weight(abstract_txt:search in 2422) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.044086087 = score(doc=2422,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.22058393 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.5209959 = boost
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017142287 = queryNorm
             0.19986083 = fieldWeight in 2422, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2422)
         0.41953287 = weight(abstract_txt:topical in 2422) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.41953287 = score(doc=2422,freq=7.0), product of:
             0.43675166 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.8377042 = boost
               6.6388726 = idf(docFreq=157, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017142287 = queryNorm
             0.96057534 = fieldWeight in 2422, product of:
               2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                 7.0 = termFreq=7.0
               6.6388726 = idf(docFreq=157, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2422)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)
   

5. Marchionini, G.: Information-seeking strategies of novices using a full-text electronic encyclopedia (1989) 0.21

   0.21058671 = sum of:
     0.21058671 = product of:
       0.6580835 = sum of:
         0.070962146 = weight(abstract_txt:showed in 2657) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.070962146 = score(doc=2657,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.11086369 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1163188 = boost
               5.7933846 = idf(docFreq=367, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017142287 = queryNorm
             0.6400846 = fieldWeight in 2657, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.7933846 = idf(docFreq=367, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2657)
         0.092609175 = weight(abstract_txt:phrase in 2657) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.092609175 = score(doc=2657,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.16680825 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3693118 = boost
               7.1063476 = idf(docFreq=98, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017142287 = queryNorm
             0.5551834 = fieldWeight in 2657, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.1063476 = idf(docFreq=98, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2657)
         0.047059 = weight(abstract_txt:differences in 2657) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.047059 = score(doc=2657,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12159258 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4318342 = boost
               4.9538813 = idf(docFreq=851, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017142287 = queryNorm
             0.38702196 = fieldWeight in 2657, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.9538813 = idf(docFreq=851, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2657)
         0.0726841 = weight(abstract_txt:queries in 2657) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0726841 = score(doc=2657,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.12895206 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4745291 = boost
               5.1015973 = idf(docFreq=734, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017142287 = queryNorm
             0.56365216 = fieldWeight in 2657, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.1015973 = idf(docFreq=734, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2657)
         0.09672099 = weight(abstract_txt:title in 2657) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09672099 = score(doc=2657,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.21634093 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.205352 = boost
               5.722582 = idf(docFreq=394, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017142287 = queryNorm
             0.4470767 = fieldWeight in 2657, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.722582 = idf(docFreq=394, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2657)
         0.06933731 = weight(abstract_txt:query in 2657) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06933731 = score(doc=2657,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.18666928 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.2903402 = boost
               4.754492 = idf(docFreq=1039, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017142287 = queryNorm
             0.37144467 = fieldWeight in 2657, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.754492 = idf(docFreq=1039, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2657)
         0.099626 = weight(abstract_txt:were in 2657) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.099626 = score(doc=2657,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.15549962 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.4733882 = boost
               3.6674848 = idf(docFreq=3083, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017142287 = queryNorm
             0.64068323 = fieldWeight in 2657, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               3.6674848 = idf(docFreq=3083, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2657)
         0.10908477 = weight(abstract_txt:search in 2657) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.10908477 = score(doc=2657,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.22058393 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.5209959 = boost
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.017142287 = queryNorm
             0.49452728 = fieldWeight in 2657, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2657)
       0.32 = coord(8/25)