Document (#34055)

Author

Sweeney, S.
Crestani, F.
Losada, D.E.

Title

'Show me more' : incremental length summarisation using novelty detection

Source

Information processing and management. 44(2008) no.2, S.663-686

Year

2008

Abstract

The paper presents a study investigating the effects of incorporating novelty detection in automatic text summarisation. Condensing a textual document, automatic text summarisation can reduce the need to refer to the source document. It also offers a means to deliver device-friendly content when accessing information in non-traditional environments. An effective method of summarisation could be to produce a summary that includes only novel information. However, a consequence of focusing exclusively on novel parts may result in a loss of context, which may have an impact on the correct interpretation of the summary, with respect to the source document. In this study we compare two strategies to produce summaries that incorporate novelty in different ways: a constant length summary, which contains only novel sentences, and an incremental summary, containing additional sentences that provide context. The aim is to establish whether a summary that contains only novel sentences provides sufficient basis to determine relevance of a document, or if indeed we need to include additional sentences to provide context. Findings from the study seem to suggest that there is only a minimal difference in performance for the tasks we set our users and that the presence of contextual information is not so important. However, for the case of mobile information access, a summary that contains only novel information does offer benefits, given bandwidth constraints.

Theme

Automatisches Abstracting

Similar documents (author)

1. Losada, D.E.; Barreiro, A.: Emebedding term similarity and inverse document frequency into a logical model of information retrieval (2003) 1.06

   1.0638278 = sum of:
     1.0638278 = product of:
       3.191483 = sum of:
         3.191483 = weight(author_txt:losada in 2422) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           3.191483 = score(doc=2422,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.65429026 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1205897 = boost
               9.755557 = idf(docFreq=6, maxDocs=44421)
               0.059851043 = queryNorm
             4.8777785 = fieldWeight in 2422, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.755557 = idf(docFreq=6, maxDocs=44421)
               0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=2422)
       0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
   

2. Fernández, R.T.; Losada, D.E.: Effective sentence retrieval based on query-independent evidence (2012) 1.06

   1.0638278 = sum of:
     1.0638278 = product of:
       3.191483 = sum of:
         3.191483 = weight(author_txt:losada in 3728) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           3.191483 = score(doc=3728,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.65429026 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1205897 = boost
               9.755557 = idf(docFreq=6, maxDocs=44421)
               0.059851043 = queryNorm
             4.8777785 = fieldWeight in 3728, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.755557 = idf(docFreq=6, maxDocs=44421)
               0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=3728)
       0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
   

3. Sweeney, R.: ¬The development of the Dewey Decimal Classification (1985) 1.02

   1.0195671 = sum of:
     1.0195671 = product of:
       3.0587013 = sum of:
         3.0587013 = weight(author_txt:sweeney in 1892) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           3.0587013 = score(doc=1892,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.5481004 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0256318 = boost
               8.928879 = idf(docFreq=15, maxDocs=44421)
               0.059851043 = queryNorm
             5.5805492 = fieldWeight in 1892, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.928879 = idf(docFreq=15, maxDocs=44421)
               0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=1892)
       0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
   

4. Sweeney, R.: ¬The development of the Dewey Decimal Classification (1983) 1.02

   1.0195671 = sum of:
     1.0195671 = product of:
       3.0587013 = sum of:
         3.0587013 = weight(author_txt:sweeney in 1941) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           3.0587013 = score(doc=1941,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.5481004 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0256318 = boost
               8.928879 = idf(docFreq=15, maxDocs=44421)
               0.059851043 = queryNorm
             5.5805492 = fieldWeight in 1941, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.928879 = idf(docFreq=15, maxDocs=44421)
               0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=1941)
       0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
   

5. Sweeney, R.: ¬An overview of the international use of the Dewey Decimal Classification (1991) 1.02

   1.0195671 = sum of:
     1.0195671 = product of:
       3.0587013 = sum of:
         3.0587013 = weight(author_txt:sweeney in 2536) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           3.0587013 = score(doc=2536,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.5481004 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0256318 = boost
               8.928879 = idf(docFreq=15, maxDocs=44421)
               0.059851043 = queryNorm
             5.5805492 = fieldWeight in 2536, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.928879 = idf(docFreq=15, maxDocs=44421)
               0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=2536)
       0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
   

Similar documents (content)

1. Otterbacher, J.; Radev, D.: Exploring fact-focused relevance and novelty detection (2008) 0.35

   0.3542543 = sum of:
     0.3542543 = product of:
       0.88563573 = sum of:
         0.01342177 = weight(abstract_txt:provide in 3210) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.01342177 = score(doc=3210,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.05350078 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0252343 = boost
               4.013929 = idf(docFreq=2180, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013000716 = queryNorm
             0.25087056 = fieldWeight in 3210, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.013929 = idf(docFreq=2180, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3210)
         0.021802822 = weight(abstract_txt:however in 3210) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.021802822 = score(doc=3210,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.05867936 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.073707 = boost
               4.203706 = idf(docFreq=1803, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013000716 = queryNorm
             0.3715586 = fieldWeight in 3210, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.203706 = idf(docFreq=1803, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3210)
         0.012719056 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 3210) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.012719056 = score(doc=3210,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.048573166 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5445832 = boost
               2.4188995 = idf(docFreq=10748, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013000716 = queryNorm
             0.26185355 = fieldWeight in 3210, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               2.4188995 = idf(docFreq=10748, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3210)
         0.025327746 = weight(abstract_txt:context in 3210) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.025327746 = score(doc=3210,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.093522266 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6601458 = boost
               4.333128 = idf(docFreq=1584, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013000716 = queryNorm
             0.2708205 = fieldWeight in 3210, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.333128 = idf(docFreq=1584, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3210)
         0.11174757 = weight(abstract_txt:detection in 3210) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.11174757 = score(doc=3210,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.15238371 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.730264 = boost
               6.774214 = idf(docFreq=137, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013000716 = queryNorm
             0.73333013 = fieldWeight in 3210, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               6.774214 = idf(docFreq=137, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3210)
         0.016641296 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 3210) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.016641296 = score(doc=3210,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.065002084 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.1141741 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013000716 = queryNorm
             0.25601172 = fieldWeight in 3210, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3210)
         0.032867175 = weight(abstract_txt:document in 3210) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.032867175 = score(doc=3210,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12246307 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.1936162 = boost
               4.29415 = idf(docFreq=1647, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013000716 = queryNorm
             0.26838437 = fieldWeight in 3210, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.29415 = idf(docFreq=1647, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3210)
         0.31707084 = weight(abstract_txt:novelty in 3210) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.31707084 = score(doc=3210,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.29487064 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.9478438 = boost
               7.694134 = idf(docFreq=54, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013000716 = queryNorm
             1.0752879 = fieldWeight in 3210, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               7.694134 = idf(docFreq=54, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3210)
         0.087337434 = weight(abstract_txt:novel in 3210) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.087337434 = score(doc=3210,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.25308546 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.5257106 = boost
               5.521451 = idf(docFreq=482, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013000716 = queryNorm
             0.3450907 = fieldWeight in 3210, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.521451 = idf(docFreq=482, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3210)
         0.24670003 = weight(abstract_txt:sentences in 3210) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.24670003 = score(doc=3210,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.32551372 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.5763724 = boost
               7.000987 = idf(docFreq=109, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013000716 = queryNorm
             0.7578791 = fieldWeight in 3210, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               7.000987 = idf(docFreq=109, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3210)
       0.4 = coord(10/25)
   

2. Yang, C.C.; Wang, F.L.: Hierarchical summarization of large documents (2008) 0.32

   0.32341653 = sum of:
     0.32341653 = product of:
       0.8085413 = sum of:
         0.013693968 = weight(abstract_txt:text in 2719) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.013693968 = score(doc=2719,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.054221697 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0321187 = boost
               4.040882 = idf(docFreq=2122, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013000716 = queryNorm
             0.25255513 = fieldWeight in 2719, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.040882 = idf(docFreq=2122, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2719)
         0.015416923 = weight(abstract_txt:however in 2719) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.015416923 = score(doc=2719,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.05867936 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.073707 = boost
               4.203706 = idf(docFreq=1803, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013000716 = queryNorm
             0.2627316 = fieldWeight in 2719, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.203706 = idf(docFreq=1803, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2719)
         0.03884609 = weight(abstract_txt:source in 2719) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03884609 = score(doc=2719,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.08623994 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3016592 = boost
               5.0961695 = idf(docFreq=738, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013000716 = queryNorm
             0.450442 = fieldWeight in 2719, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.0961695 = idf(docFreq=738, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2719)
         0.041166488 = weight(abstract_txt:automatic in 2719) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.041166488 = score(doc=2719,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.08964088 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.327077 = boost
               5.1956835 = idf(docFreq=668, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013000716 = queryNorm
             0.45923787 = fieldWeight in 2719, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.1956835 = idf(docFreq=668, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2719)
         0.012719056 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 2719) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.012719056 = score(doc=2719,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.048573166 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5445832 = boost
               2.4188995 = idf(docFreq=10748, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013000716 = queryNorm
             0.26185355 = fieldWeight in 2719, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               2.4188995 = idf(docFreq=10748, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2719)
         0.021483822 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 2719) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.021483822 = score(doc=2719,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.065002084 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.1141741 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013000716 = queryNorm
             0.33050975 = fieldWeight in 2719, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2719)
         0.08695837 = weight(abstract_txt:document in 2719) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08695837 = score(doc=2719,freq=7.0), product of:
             0.12246307 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.1936162 = boost
               4.29415 = idf(docFreq=1647, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013000716 = queryNorm
             0.7100783 = fieldWeight in 2719, product of:
               2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                 7.0 = termFreq=7.0
               4.29415 = idf(docFreq=1647, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2719)
         0.039432187 = weight(abstract_txt:only in 2719) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.039432187 = score(doc=2719,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14894782 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.704769 = boost
               4.235812 = idf(docFreq=1746, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013000716 = queryNorm
             0.26473826 = fieldWeight in 2719, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.235812 = idf(docFreq=1746, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2719)
         0.24670003 = weight(abstract_txt:sentences in 2719) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.24670003 = score(doc=2719,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.32551372 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.5763724 = boost
               7.000987 = idf(docFreq=109, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013000716 = queryNorm
             0.7578791 = fieldWeight in 2719, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               7.000987 = idf(docFreq=109, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2719)
         0.29212433 = weight(abstract_txt:summary in 2719) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.29212433 = score(doc=2719,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.41706017 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.9579606 = boost
               6.470359 = idf(docFreq=186, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013000716 = queryNorm
             0.7004369 = fieldWeight in 2719, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               6.470359 = idf(docFreq=186, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2719)
       0.4 = coord(10/25)
   

3. Sankarasubramaniam, Y.; Ramanathan, K.; Ghosh, S.: Text summarization using Wikipedia (2014) 0.31

   0.3105598 = sum of:
     0.3105598 = product of:
       0.7763995 = sum of:
         0.023718648 = weight(abstract_txt:text in 3693) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.023718648 = score(doc=3693,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.054221697 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0321187 = boost
               4.040882 = idf(docFreq=2122, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013000716 = queryNorm
             0.4374383 = fieldWeight in 3693, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.040882 = idf(docFreq=2122, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3693)
         0.017536975 = weight(abstract_txt:study in 3693) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.017536975 = score(doc=3693,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.058095675 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3084605 = boost
               3.415198 = idf(docFreq=3968, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013000716 = queryNorm
             0.3018637 = fieldWeight in 3693, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.415198 = idf(docFreq=3968, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3693)
         0.029109102 = weight(abstract_txt:automatic in 3693) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.029109102 = score(doc=3693,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08964088 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.327077 = boost
               5.1956835 = idf(docFreq=668, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013000716 = queryNorm
             0.32473022 = fieldWeight in 3693, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.1956835 = idf(docFreq=668, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3693)
         0.03741991 = weight(abstract_txt:additional in 3693) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03741991 = score(doc=3693,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.105979554 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4429594 = boost
               5.6493783 = idf(docFreq=424, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013000716 = queryNorm
             0.35308614 = fieldWeight in 3693, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.6493783 = idf(docFreq=424, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3693)
         0.14824377 = weight(abstract_txt:incremental in 3693) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.14824377 = score(doc=3693,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.21060137 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.0341065 = boost
               7.963798 = idf(docFreq=41, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013000716 = queryNorm
             0.70390695 = fieldWeight in 3693, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               7.963798 = idf(docFreq=41, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3693)
         0.019215714 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 3693) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.019215714 = score(doc=3693,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.065002084 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.1141741 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013000716 = queryNorm
             0.2956169 = fieldWeight in 3693, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3693)
         0.032867175 = weight(abstract_txt:document in 3693) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.032867175 = score(doc=3693,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12246307 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.1936162 = boost
               4.29415 = idf(docFreq=1647, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013000716 = queryNorm
             0.26838437 = fieldWeight in 3693, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.29415 = idf(docFreq=1647, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3693)
         0.087337434 = weight(abstract_txt:novel in 3693) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.087337434 = score(doc=3693,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.25308546 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.5257106 = boost
               5.521451 = idf(docFreq=482, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013000716 = queryNorm
             0.3450907 = fieldWeight in 3693, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.521451 = idf(docFreq=482, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3693)
         0.14243233 = weight(abstract_txt:sentences in 3693) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.14243233 = score(doc=3693,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.32551372 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.5763724 = boost
               7.000987 = idf(docFreq=109, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013000716 = queryNorm
             0.4375617 = fieldWeight in 3693, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.000987 = idf(docFreq=109, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3693)
         0.2385185 = weight(abstract_txt:summary in 3693) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.2385185 = score(doc=3693,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.41706017 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.9579606 = boost
               6.470359 = idf(docFreq=186, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013000716 = queryNorm
             0.5719043 = fieldWeight in 3693, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               6.470359 = idf(docFreq=186, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3693)
       0.4 = coord(10/25)
   

4. Kar, M.; Nunes, S.; Ribeiro, C.: Summarization of changes in dynamic text collections using Latent Dirichlet Allocation model (2015) 0.27

   0.26748276 = sum of:
     0.26748276 = product of:
       0.60791534 = sum of:
         0.017788986 = weight(abstract_txt:text in 3676) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.017788986 = score(doc=3676,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.054221697 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0321187 = boost
               4.040882 = idf(docFreq=2122, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013000716 = queryNorm
             0.32807875 = fieldWeight in 3676, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.040882 = idf(docFreq=2122, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=3676)
         0.011562692 = weight(abstract_txt:however in 3676) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.011562692 = score(doc=3676,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.05867936 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.073707 = boost
               4.203706 = idf(docFreq=1803, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013000716 = queryNorm
             0.19704871 = fieldWeight in 3676, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.203706 = idf(docFreq=1803, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=3676)
         0.030874865 = weight(abstract_txt:automatic in 3676) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.030874865 = score(doc=3676,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.08964088 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.327077 = boost
               5.1956835 = idf(docFreq=668, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013000716 = queryNorm
             0.34442842 = fieldWeight in 3676, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.1956835 = idf(docFreq=668, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=3676)
         0.032306246 = weight(abstract_txt:produce in 3676) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.032306246 = score(doc=3676,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11640467 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5122663 = boost
               5.920724 = idf(docFreq=323, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013000716 = queryNorm
             0.27753395 = fieldWeight in 3676, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.920724 = idf(docFreq=323, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=3676)
         0.009539291 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 3676) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.009539291 = score(doc=3676,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.048573166 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5445832 = boost
               2.4188995 = idf(docFreq=10748, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013000716 = queryNorm
             0.19639015 = fieldWeight in 3676, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               2.4188995 = idf(docFreq=10748, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=3676)
         0.01899581 = weight(abstract_txt:context in 3676) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.01899581 = score(doc=3676,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.093522266 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6601458 = boost
               4.333128 = idf(docFreq=1584, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013000716 = queryNorm
             0.20311537 = fieldWeight in 3676, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.333128 = idf(docFreq=1584, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=3676)
         0.012480971 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 3676) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.012480971 = score(doc=3676,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.065002084 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.1141741 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013000716 = queryNorm
             0.1920088 = fieldWeight in 3676, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=3676)
         0.055119924 = weight(abstract_txt:document in 3676) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.055119924 = score(doc=3676,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.12246307 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.1936162 = boost
               4.29415 = idf(docFreq=1647, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013000716 = queryNorm
             0.45009425 = fieldWeight in 3676, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               4.29415 = idf(docFreq=1647, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=3676)
         0.02957414 = weight(abstract_txt:only in 3676) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.02957414 = score(doc=3676,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14894782 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.704769 = boost
               4.235812 = idf(docFreq=1746, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013000716 = queryNorm
             0.1985537 = fieldWeight in 3676, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.235812 = idf(docFreq=1746, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=3676)
         0.10682425 = weight(abstract_txt:sentences in 3676) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.10682425 = score(doc=3676,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.32551372 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.5763724 = boost
               7.000987 = idf(docFreq=109, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013000716 = queryNorm
             0.32817125 = fieldWeight in 3676, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.000987 = idf(docFreq=109, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=3676)
         0.28284818 = weight(abstract_txt:summary in 3676) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.28284818 = score(doc=3676,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.41706017 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.9579606 = boost
               6.470359 = idf(docFreq=186, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013000716 = queryNorm
             0.6781951 = fieldWeight in 3676, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               6.470359 = idf(docFreq=186, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=3676)
       0.44 = coord(11/25)
   

5. Ahmad, K.: Text summarisation : the role of lexical cohesion analysis (1995) 0.24

   0.2388114 = sum of:
     0.2388114 = product of:
       1.194057 = sum of:
         0.041507635 = weight(abstract_txt:text in 5863) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.041507635 = score(doc=5863,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.054221697 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0321187 = boost
               4.040882 = idf(docFreq=2122, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013000716 = queryNorm
             0.76551706 = fieldWeight in 5863, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.040882 = idf(docFreq=2122, maxDocs=44421)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=5863)
         0.021700902 = weight(abstract_txt:study in 5863) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.021700902 = score(doc=5863,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.058095675 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3084605 = boost
               3.415198 = idf(docFreq=3968, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013000716 = queryNorm
             0.3735373 = fieldWeight in 5863, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.415198 = idf(docFreq=3968, maxDocs=44421)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=5863)
         0.05094093 = weight(abstract_txt:automatic in 5863) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.05094093 = score(doc=5863,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08964088 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.327077 = boost
               5.1956835 = idf(docFreq=668, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013000716 = queryNorm
             0.5682779 = fieldWeight in 5863, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.1956835 = idf(docFreq=668, maxDocs=44421)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=5863)
         0.56868994 = weight(abstract_txt:summarisation in 5863) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.56868994 = score(doc=5863,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.56414217 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.7081723 = boost
               9.216561 = idf(docFreq=11, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013000716 = queryNorm
             1.0080614 = fieldWeight in 5863, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.216561 = idf(docFreq=11, maxDocs=44421)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=5863)
         0.51121753 = weight(abstract_txt:summary in 5863) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.51121753 = score(doc=5863,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.41706017 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.9579606 = boost
               6.470359 = idf(docFreq=186, maxDocs=44421)
               0.013000716 = queryNorm
             1.2257645 = fieldWeight in 5863, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               6.470359 = idf(docFreq=186, maxDocs=44421)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=5863)
       0.2 = coord(5/25)