Document (#32589)

Author

Stieger, S.
Reips, U.-D.
Voracek, M.

Title

Forced-response in online surveys : bias from reactance and an increase in sex-specific dropout

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 58(2007) no.11, S.1653-1660

Year

2007

Abstract

Due to computer technology, a forced-response can be easily achieved in online questionnaires and is frequently used to gather complete datasets. An Internet-based quasi-experiment was conducted on the student server at the University of Vienna to study the influence of forced-response on dropout, demographic reports, and the content of the results. Forced-response was shown to substantially increase dropout. In addition, forced-response interacted with reported sex in eliminating a naturally occurring sex difference in dropout that was observed for the questionnaire whenever responses did not need to be enforced. Also reported sex turned out to have a mediating effect on time of dropout: Men dropped out earlier than did women. Further analyses revealed a reactance effect, as predicted by reactance theory. It is concluded that data from online questionnaires with forced-response designs are in danger of being hampered by dropout and reactance.

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