Document (#32552)

Author
Lewis, K.M.
DeGroote, S.L.
Title
Digital reference access points : an analysis of usage
Source
Reference services review. 36(2008) no.2, S.194-204
Year
2008
Abstract
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to show how an academic library added access points to its digital reference service outside its traditional library web pages (e.g. online catalog, subscription databases). It seeks to determine whether, how, and to what extent these access points were used by patrons. Design/methodology/approach - Almost 1,200 chat, e-mail, and instant message digital reference transactions were examined. The data collected included: status of user; format by which questions were submitted (chat, e-mail, IM); subject area of the question; type of question, and the access point from which the patron submitted the question. The data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software. Findings - Patrons used the access points in external resources over 25 per cent of the time. They took advantage of the access points as their research needs arose. An increase in the amount of reference transactions received was observed after the addition of the external access points. Practical implications - This study may be useful in planning, administering, and staffing digital reference services. Originality/value - This is currently the only comprehensive study that has examined digital reference transactions in multiple formats, the correlation between access point and information need, and the impact of adding access points to digital reference in external resources.
Theme
Informationsdienstleistungen

Similar documents (author)

  1. Lewis, D.W.: Research on the use of online catalogs and its implications for library practice (1987) 5.35
    5.353733 = sum of:
      5.353733 = weight(author_txt:lewis in 521) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        5.353733 = fieldWeight in 521, product of:
          1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
            1.0 = termFreq=1.0
          8.565973 = idf(docFreq=22, maxDocs=44421)
          0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=521)
    
  2. Lewis, D.A.: Online developments and their impact on libraries (1985) 5.35
    5.353733 = sum of:
      5.353733 = weight(author_txt:lewis in 884) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        5.353733 = fieldWeight in 884, product of:
          1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
            1.0 = termFreq=1.0
          8.565973 = idf(docFreq=22, maxDocs=44421)
          0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=884)
    
  3. Lewis, C.I.: Mind and the world order : outline of a theory of knowledge (1956) 5.35
    5.353733 = sum of:
      5.353733 = weight(author_txt:lewis in 1966) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        5.353733 = fieldWeight in 1966, product of:
          1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
            1.0 = termFreq=1.0
          8.565973 = idf(docFreq=22, maxDocs=44421)
          0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=1966)
    
  4. Lewis, D.W.: Making academic reference service work (1994) 5.35
    5.353733 = sum of:
      5.353733 = weight(author_txt:lewis in 8322) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        5.353733 = fieldWeight in 8322, product of:
          1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
            1.0 = termFreq=1.0
          8.565973 = idf(docFreq=22, maxDocs=44421)
          0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=8322)
    
  5. Lewis, P.R.: ¬The future of the national bibliography (1987) 5.35
    5.353733 = sum of:
      5.353733 = weight(author_txt:lewis in 2541) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        5.353733 = fieldWeight in 2541, product of:
          1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
            1.0 = termFreq=1.0
          8.565973 = idf(docFreq=22, maxDocs=44421)
          0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=2541)
    

Similar documents (content)

  1. Ballard, T.: Comparative searching styles of patrons and staff (1994) 0.16
    0.15573464 = sum of:
      0.15573464 = product of:
        0.64889437 = sum of:
          0.11973217 = weight(abstract_txt:patron in 115) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.11973217 = score(doc=115,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.11897311 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0352664 = boost
                7.590594 = idf(docFreq=60, maxDocs=44421)
                0.015139828 = queryNorm
              1.0063801 = fieldWeight in 115, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                7.590594 = idf(docFreq=60, maxDocs=44421)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=115)
          0.05411665 = weight(abstract_txt:examined in 115) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.05411665 = score(doc=115,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.11122836 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.4156324 = boost
                5.189722 = idf(docFreq=672, maxDocs=44421)
                0.015139828 = queryNorm
              0.48653644 = fieldWeight in 115, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.189722 = idf(docFreq=672, maxDocs=44421)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=115)
          0.1223359 = weight(abstract_txt:patrons in 115) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.1223359 = score(doc=115,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.1915862 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.8579106 = boost
                6.8111186 = idf(docFreq=132, maxDocs=44421)
                0.015139828 = queryNorm
              0.63854235 = fieldWeight in 115, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.8111186 = idf(docFreq=132, maxDocs=44421)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=115)
          0.05401925 = weight(abstract_txt:were in 115) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.05401925 = score(doc=115,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.11109486 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.0008047 = boost
                3.6674848 = idf(docFreq=3083, maxDocs=44421)
                0.015139828 = queryNorm
              0.48624435 = fieldWeight in 115, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                3.6674848 = idf(docFreq=3083, maxDocs=44421)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=115)
          0.08479619 = weight(abstract_txt:access in 115) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.08479619 = score(doc=115,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.24773268 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.4816775 = boost
                3.6510832 = idf(docFreq=3134, maxDocs=44421)
                0.015139828 = queryNorm
              0.34228906 = fieldWeight in 115, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.6510832 = idf(docFreq=3134, maxDocs=44421)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=115)
          0.21389423 = weight(abstract_txt:points in 115) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.21389423 = score(doc=115,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.42216638 = queryWeight, product of:
                5.15963 = boost
                5.4043584 = idf(docFreq=542, maxDocs=44421)
                0.015139828 = queryNorm
              0.5066586 = fieldWeight in 115, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.4043584 = idf(docFreq=542, maxDocs=44421)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=115)
        0.24 = coord(6/25)
    
  2. Bishop, B.W.: Location-based questions and local knowledge (2011) 0.15
    0.1485665 = sum of:
      0.1485665 = product of:
        0.6190271 = sum of:
          0.05796879 = weight(abstract_txt:staffing in 633) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.05796879 = score(doc=633,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.12110867 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0445166 = boost
                7.6584163 = idf(docFreq=56, maxDocs=44421)
                0.015139828 = queryNorm
              0.47865102 = fieldWeight in 633, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                7.6584163 = idf(docFreq=56, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=633)
          0.02546492 = weight(abstract_txt:were in 633) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.02546492 = score(doc=633,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.11109486 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.0008047 = boost
                3.6674848 = idf(docFreq=3083, maxDocs=44421)
                0.015139828 = queryNorm
              0.2292178 = fieldWeight in 633, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.6674848 = idf(docFreq=3083, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=633)
          0.121062696 = weight(abstract_txt:chat in 633) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.121062696 = score(doc=633,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.24930404 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.1193728 = boost
                7.769642 = idf(docFreq=50, maxDocs=44421)
                0.015139828 = queryNorm
              0.48560262 = fieldWeight in 633, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                7.769642 = idf(docFreq=50, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=633)
          0.094382234 = weight(abstract_txt:question in 633) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.094382234 = score(doc=633,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.16761231 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.1283414 = boost
                5.2016807 = idf(docFreq=664, maxDocs=44421)
                0.015139828 = queryNorm
              0.56309843 = fieldWeight in 633, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                5.2016807 = idf(docFreq=664, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=633)
          0.14031835 = weight(abstract_txt:digital in 633) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.14031835 = score(doc=633,freq=5.0), product of:
              0.23201488 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.5412881 = boost
                4.3274655 = idf(docFreq=1593, maxDocs=44421)
                0.015139828 = queryNorm
              0.6047817 = fieldWeight in 633, product of:
                2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                  5.0 = termFreq=5.0
                4.3274655 = idf(docFreq=1593, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=633)
          0.17983006 = weight(abstract_txt:reference in 633) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.17983006 = score(doc=633,freq=5.0), product of:
              0.28817964 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.262932 = boost
                4.4651284 = idf(docFreq=1388, maxDocs=44421)
                0.015139828 = queryNorm
              0.6240207 = fieldWeight in 633, product of:
                2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                  5.0 = termFreq=5.0
                4.4651284 = idf(docFreq=1388, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=633)
        0.24 = coord(6/25)
    
  3. Mood, T.A.: Of sundials and digital watches : a further step toward the new paradigm of reference (1994) 0.14
    0.1350931 = sum of:
      0.1350931 = product of:
        0.67546546 = sum of:
          0.070552856 = weight(abstract_txt:patron in 234) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.070552856 = score(doc=234,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.11897311 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0352664 = boost
                7.590594 = idf(docFreq=60, maxDocs=44421)
                0.015139828 = queryNorm
              0.59301513 = fieldWeight in 234, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                7.590594 = idf(docFreq=60, maxDocs=44421)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=234)
          0.101946585 = weight(abstract_txt:patrons in 234) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.101946585 = score(doc=234,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.1915862 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.8579106 = boost
                6.8111186 = idf(docFreq=132, maxDocs=44421)
                0.015139828 = queryNorm
              0.5321186 = fieldWeight in 234, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.8111186 = idf(docFreq=132, maxDocs=44421)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=234)
          0.22478756 = weight(abstract_txt:reference in 234) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.22478756 = score(doc=234,freq=5.0), product of:
              0.28817964 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.262932 = boost
                4.4651284 = idf(docFreq=1388, maxDocs=44421)
                0.015139828 = queryNorm
              0.78002584 = fieldWeight in 234, product of:
                2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                  5.0 = termFreq=5.0
                4.4651284 = idf(docFreq=1388, maxDocs=44421)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=234)
          0.09993325 = weight(abstract_txt:access in 234) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.09993325 = score(doc=234,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.24773268 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.4816775 = boost
                3.6510832 = idf(docFreq=3134, maxDocs=44421)
                0.015139828 = queryNorm
              0.40339148 = fieldWeight in 234, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                3.6510832 = idf(docFreq=3134, maxDocs=44421)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=234)
          0.17824519 = weight(abstract_txt:points in 234) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.17824519 = score(doc=234,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.42216638 = queryWeight, product of:
                5.15963 = boost
                5.4043584 = idf(docFreq=542, maxDocs=44421)
                0.015139828 = queryNorm
              0.4222155 = fieldWeight in 234, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.4043584 = idf(docFreq=542, maxDocs=44421)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=234)
        0.2 = coord(5/25)
    
  4. Chowdhury, G.G.: Digital libraries and reference services : present and future (2002) 0.13
    0.13484894 = sum of:
      0.13484894 = product of:
        0.67424464 = sum of:
          0.05449161 = weight(abstract_txt:question in 5466) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.05449161 = score(doc=5466,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.16761231 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.1283414 = boost
                5.2016807 = idf(docFreq=664, maxDocs=44421)
                0.015139828 = queryNorm
              0.32510504 = fieldWeight in 5466, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.2016807 = idf(docFreq=664, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5466)
          0.21738026 = weight(abstract_txt:digital in 5466) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.21738026 = score(doc=5466,freq=12.0), product of:
              0.23201488 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.5412881 = boost
                4.3274655 = idf(docFreq=1593, maxDocs=44421)
                0.015139828 = queryNorm
              0.93692374 = fieldWeight in 5466, product of:
                3.4641016 = tf(freq=12.0), with freq of:
                  12.0 = termFreq=12.0
                4.3274655 = idf(docFreq=1593, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5466)
          0.17983006 = weight(abstract_txt:reference in 5466) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.17983006 = score(doc=5466,freq=5.0), product of:
              0.28817964 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.262932 = boost
                4.4651284 = idf(docFreq=1388, maxDocs=44421)
                0.015139828 = queryNorm
              0.6240207 = fieldWeight in 5466, product of:
                2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                  5.0 = termFreq=5.0
                4.4651284 = idf(docFreq=1388, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5466)
          0.07994661 = weight(abstract_txt:access in 5466) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.07994661 = score(doc=5466,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.24773268 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.4816775 = boost
                3.6510832 = idf(docFreq=3134, maxDocs=44421)
                0.015139828 = queryNorm
              0.3227132 = fieldWeight in 5466, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                3.6510832 = idf(docFreq=3134, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5466)
          0.14259616 = weight(abstract_txt:points in 5466) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.14259616 = score(doc=5466,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.42216638 = queryWeight, product of:
                5.15963 = boost
                5.4043584 = idf(docFreq=542, maxDocs=44421)
                0.015139828 = queryNorm
              0.3377724 = fieldWeight in 5466, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.4043584 = idf(docFreq=542, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=5466)
        0.2 = coord(5/25)
    
  5. Cloughley, K.: Digital reference services : how do the library-based services compare with the expert services? (2004) 0.13
    0.13320656 = sum of:
      0.13320656 = product of:
        0.55502737 = sum of:
          0.06995999 = weight(abstract_txt:mail in 5759) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.06995999 = score(doc=5759,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.14905581 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.6387668 = boost
                6.0077353 = idf(docFreq=296, maxDocs=44421)
                0.015139828 = queryNorm
              0.46935433 = fieldWeight in 5759, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.0077353 = idf(docFreq=296, maxDocs=44421)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5759)
          0.045016043 = weight(abstract_txt:were in 5759) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.045016043 = score(doc=5759,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.11109486 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.0008047 = boost
                3.6674848 = idf(docFreq=3083, maxDocs=44421)
                0.015139828 = queryNorm
              0.40520364 = fieldWeight in 5759, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                3.6674848 = idf(docFreq=3083, maxDocs=44421)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5759)
          0.15132837 = weight(abstract_txt:chat in 5759) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.15132837 = score(doc=5759,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.24930404 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.1193728 = boost
                7.769642 = idf(docFreq=50, maxDocs=44421)
                0.015139828 = queryNorm
              0.6070033 = fieldWeight in 5759, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                7.769642 = idf(docFreq=50, maxDocs=44421)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5759)
          0.06811451 = weight(abstract_txt:question in 5759) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.06811451 = score(doc=5759,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.16761231 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.1283414 = boost
                5.2016807 = idf(docFreq=664, maxDocs=44421)
                0.015139828 = queryNorm
              0.4063813 = fieldWeight in 5759, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.2016807 = idf(docFreq=664, maxDocs=44421)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5759)
          0.07844034 = weight(abstract_txt:digital in 5759) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.07844034 = score(doc=5759,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.23201488 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.5412881 = boost
                4.3274655 = idf(docFreq=1593, maxDocs=44421)
                0.015139828 = queryNorm
              0.33808324 = fieldWeight in 5759, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.3274655 = idf(docFreq=1593, maxDocs=44421)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5759)
          0.14216813 = weight(abstract_txt:reference in 5759) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.14216813 = score(doc=5759,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.28817964 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.262932 = boost
                4.4651284 = idf(docFreq=1388, maxDocs=44421)
                0.015139828 = queryNorm
              0.49333167 = fieldWeight in 5759, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                4.4651284 = idf(docFreq=1388, maxDocs=44421)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5759)
        0.24 = coord(6/25)