Document (#32389)

Author: Röhle, T.
Title: Machtkonzepte in der Suchmaschinenforschung
Source: Macht der Suchmaschinen: The Power of Search Engines. Hrsg.: Machill, M. u. M. Beiler
Imprint: Köln : Halem
Year: 2007
Pages: S.127-142
Abstract: Suchmaschinen und Macht - nicht nur in der Wissenschaft, sondern auch in der Presse werden diese Begriffe immer häufiger in einem Atemzug genannt. Angesichts Googles Dominanz des Suchmaschinenmarkts mehren sich Bedenken über Monopolbildung, Datenschutz, Zensur und Manipulation, die sich in Artikeln mit so illustrativen Überschriften wie »Der Datenkrake«, »Das Imperium« oder »The Evil Thing« äußern. Die Verbindung zwischen Suchmaschinen und Macht erschließt sich intuitiv ohne Weiteres: »Sie lenken die Aufmerksamkeit der Nutzer und haben damit Macht«. Die Frage aber, wie sich diese Macht genauer konzeptualisieren und verorten lässt und inwiefern frühere Vorstellungen von Medienmacht und Medieneffekten in diesem neuen Feld relevant sind, ist in der Suchmaschinenforschung bisher nur sehr schematisch beantwortet worden. Ein grundlegendes Problem ist darin zu sehen, dass Suchmaschinen eine in vielen Aspekten neue und machttheoretisch ungeklärte Nutzungssituation schaffen. Technikhistorisch lassen sich Suchmaschinen zwar eindeutig als Nachfolger früherer Information-Retrieval-Systeme einordnen. Da diese jedoch hauptsächlich von kompetenten Nutzern für spezifische Recherchen in homogenen und vollständigen Datenbeständen eingesetzt wurden, kam der Frage der Macht hier keine größere Bedeutung zu. Völlig anders stellt sich die Situation bei den Suchmaschinen dar: Als integraler Bestandteil der Internetnutzung betreffen ihre Relevanzkriterien einen wesentlich größeren Kreis von Nutzern, die mit sehr unterschiedlichen Motivationen eine Auswahl des Datenbestands durchsuchen.
Theme: Suchmaschinen
Field: Kommunikationswissenschaften

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