Document (#31119)

Author
Shah, B.
Raghavan, V.
Dhatric, P.
Zhao, X.
Title
¬A cluster-based approach for efficient content-based image retrieval using a similarity-preserving space transformation method
Source
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 57(2006) no.12, S.1694-1707
Year
2006
Abstract
The techniques of clustering and space transformation have been successfully used in the past to solve a number of pattern recognition problems. In this article, the authors propose a new approach to content-based image retrieval (CBIR) that uses (a) a newly proposed similarity-preserving space transformation method to transform the original low-level image space into a highlevel vector space that enables efficient query processing, and (b) a clustering scheme that further improves the efficiency of our retrieval system. This combination is unique and the resulting system provides synergistic advantages of using both clustering and space transformation. The proposed space transformation method is shown to preserve the order of the distances in the transformed feature space. This strategy makes this approach to retrieval generic as it can be applied to object types, other than images, and feature spaces more general than metric spaces. The CBIR approach uses the inexpensive "estimated" distance in the transformed space, as opposed to the computationally inefficient "real" distance in the original space, to retrieve the desired results for a given query image. The authors also provide a theoretical analysis of the complexity of their CBIR approach when used for color-based retrieval, which shows that it is computationally more efficient than other comparable approaches. An extensive set of experiments to test the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed approach has been performed. The results show that the approach offers superior response time (improvement of 1-2 orders of magnitude compared to retrieval approaches that either use pruning techniques like indexing, clustering, etc., or space transformation, but not both) with sufficiently high retrieval accuracy.
Theme
Retrievalalgorithmen
Form
Bilder

Similar documents (author)

  1. Shah, C.: Collaborative information seeking : the art and science of making the whole greater than the sum of all (2012) 1.13
    1.1333361 = sum of:
      1.1333361 = product of:
        3.4000082 = sum of:
          3.4000082 = weight(author_txt:shah in 360) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            3.4000082 = score(doc=360,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.63858664 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1392806 = boost
                8.518833 = idf(docFreq=23, maxDocs=44218)
                0.06579744 = queryNorm
              5.3242707 = fieldWeight in 360, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                8.518833 = idf(docFreq=23, maxDocs=44218)
                0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=360)
        0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
    
  2. Shah, C.: Effects of awareness on coordination in collaborative information seeking (2013) 1.13
    1.1333361 = sum of:
      1.1333361 = product of:
        3.4000082 = sum of:
          3.4000082 = weight(author_txt:shah in 952) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            3.4000082 = score(doc=952,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.63858664 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1392806 = boost
                8.518833 = idf(docFreq=23, maxDocs=44218)
                0.06579744 = queryNorm
              5.3242707 = fieldWeight in 952, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                8.518833 = idf(docFreq=23, maxDocs=44218)
                0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=952)
        0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
    
  3. Shah, C.: Collaborative information seeking (2014) 1.13
    1.1333361 = sum of:
      1.1333361 = product of:
        3.4000082 = sum of:
          3.4000082 = weight(author_txt:shah in 1193) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            3.4000082 = score(doc=1193,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.63858664 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1392806 = boost
                8.518833 = idf(docFreq=23, maxDocs=44218)
                0.06579744 = queryNorm
              5.3242707 = fieldWeight in 1193, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                8.518833 = idf(docFreq=23, maxDocs=44218)
                0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=1193)
        0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
    
  4. Shah, C.: Social information seeking : leveraging the wisdom of the crowd (2017) 1.13
    1.1333361 = sum of:
      1.1333361 = product of:
        3.4000082 = sum of:
          3.4000082 = weight(author_txt:shah in 4260) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            3.4000082 = score(doc=4260,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.63858664 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1392806 = boost
                8.518833 = idf(docFreq=23, maxDocs=44218)
                0.06579744 = queryNorm
              5.3242707 = fieldWeight in 4260, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                8.518833 = idf(docFreq=23, maxDocs=44218)
                0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=4260)
        0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
    
  5. Raghavan, K.S.: ¬The general theory of classification as the basis for structuring of subject headings (1985(?)) 1.01
    1.0109279 = sum of:
      1.0109279 = product of:
        3.0327837 = sum of:
          3.0327837 = weight(author_txt:raghavan in 1830) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            3.0327837 = score(doc=1830,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.5917353 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0966916 = boost
                8.200379 = idf(docFreq=32, maxDocs=44218)
                0.06579744 = queryNorm
              5.125237 = fieldWeight in 1830, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                8.200379 = idf(docFreq=32, maxDocs=44218)
                0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=1830)
        0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
    

Similar documents (content)

  1. Park, G.; Baek, Y.; Lee, H.-K.: Re-ranking algorithm using post-retrieval clustering for content-based image retrieval (2005) 0.46
    0.4574117 = sum of:
      0.4574117 = product of:
        0.95294106 = sum of:
          0.037559606 = weight(abstract_txt:query in 1005) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.037559606 = score(doc=1005,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.07298653 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.7537646 = idf(docFreq=1035, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015353416 = queryNorm
              0.5146101 = fieldWeight in 1005, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                4.7537646 = idf(docFreq=1035, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1005)
          0.008021836 = weight(abstract_txt:this in 1005) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.008021836 = score(doc=1005,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.037611295 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0152028 = boost
                2.4130175 = idf(docFreq=10762, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015353416 = queryNorm
              0.21328263 = fieldWeight in 1005, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                2.4130175 = idf(docFreq=10762, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1005)
          0.056252435 = weight(abstract_txt:similarity in 1005) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.056252435 = score(doc=1005,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.10936709 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2241143 = boost
                5.8191514 = idf(docFreq=356, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015353416 = queryNorm
              0.51434517 = fieldWeight in 1005, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                5.8191514 = idf(docFreq=356, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1005)
          0.01307985 = weight(abstract_txt:based in 1005) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.01307985 = score(doc=1005,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.06564691 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3412224 = boost
                3.1879277 = idf(docFreq=4958, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015353416 = queryNorm
              0.19924548 = fieldWeight in 1005, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.1879277 = idf(docFreq=4958, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1005)
          0.05442955 = weight(abstract_txt:distance in 1005) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.05442955 = score(doc=1005,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.13480073 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3590167 = boost
                6.4604454 = idf(docFreq=187, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015353416 = queryNorm
              0.40377784 = fieldWeight in 1005, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.4604454 = idf(docFreq=187, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1005)
          0.04782024 = weight(abstract_txt:method in 1005) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.04782024 = score(doc=1005,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.09814472 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.4202269 = boost
                4.50095 = idf(docFreq=1333, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015353416 = queryNorm
              0.4872421 = fieldWeight in 1005, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                4.50095 = idf(docFreq=1333, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1005)
          0.04193362 = weight(abstract_txt:proposed in 1005) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.04193362 = score(doc=1005,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.10292742 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.45442 = boost
                4.6093135 = idf(docFreq=1196, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015353416 = queryNorm
              0.4074096 = fieldWeight in 1005, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                4.6093135 = idf(docFreq=1196, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1005)
          0.011393052 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 1005) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.011393052 = score(doc=1005,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.05439925 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.4953254 = boost
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015353416 = queryNorm
              0.20943399 = fieldWeight in 1005, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1005)
          0.08862646 = weight(abstract_txt:image in 1005) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.08862646 = score(doc=1005,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.18657124 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.2610803 = boost
                5.374322 = idf(docFreq=556, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015353416 = queryNorm
              0.47502744 = fieldWeight in 1005, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                5.374322 = idf(docFreq=556, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1005)
          0.07262861 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 1005) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.07262861 = score(doc=1005,freq=6.0), product of:
              0.13651483 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.5586011 = boost
                3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015353416 = queryNorm
              0.5320199 = fieldWeight in 1005, product of:
                2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                  6.0 = termFreq=6.0
                3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1005)
          0.216844 = weight(abstract_txt:clustering in 1005) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.216844 = score(doc=1005,freq=5.0), product of:
              0.24960543 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.615295 = boost
                6.2162485 = idf(docFreq=239, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015353416 = queryNorm
              0.8687472 = fieldWeight in 1005, product of:
                2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                  5.0 = termFreq=5.0
                6.2162485 = idf(docFreq=239, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1005)
          0.3043518 = weight(abstract_txt:cbir in 1005) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.3043518 = score(doc=1005,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.38583958 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.8159678 = boost
                8.924298 = idf(docFreq=15, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015353416 = queryNorm
              0.788804 = fieldWeight in 1005, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                8.924298 = idf(docFreq=15, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1005)
        0.48 = coord(12/25)
    
  2. Zachary, J.; Iyengar, S.S.; Barhen, J.: Content based image retrieval and information theory : a general approach (2001) 0.38
    0.37598395 = sum of:
      0.37598395 = product of:
        0.854509 = sum of:
          0.0056722946 = weight(abstract_txt:this in 6514) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.0056722946 = score(doc=6514,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.037611295 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0152028 = boost
                2.4130175 = idf(docFreq=10762, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015353416 = queryNorm
              0.1508136 = fieldWeight in 6514, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                2.4130175 = idf(docFreq=10762, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=6514)
          0.039776478 = weight(abstract_txt:similarity in 6514) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.039776478 = score(doc=6514,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.10936709 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2241143 = boost
                5.8191514 = idf(docFreq=356, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015353416 = queryNorm
              0.36369696 = fieldWeight in 6514, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.8191514 = idf(docFreq=356, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=6514)
          0.05865452 = weight(abstract_txt:feature in 6514) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.05865452 = score(doc=6514,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.112458795 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.241296 = boost
                5.9008293 = idf(docFreq=328, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015353416 = queryNorm
              0.52156454 = fieldWeight in 6514, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                5.9008293 = idf(docFreq=328, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=6514)
          0.0261597 = weight(abstract_txt:based in 6514) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.0261597 = score(doc=6514,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.06564691 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3412224 = boost
                3.1879277 = idf(docFreq=4958, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015353416 = queryNorm
              0.39849097 = fieldWeight in 6514, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                3.1879277 = idf(docFreq=4958, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=6514)
          0.07697501 = weight(abstract_txt:distance in 6514) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.07697501 = score(doc=6514,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.13480073 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3590167 = boost
                6.4604454 = idf(docFreq=187, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015353416 = queryNorm
              0.5710281 = fieldWeight in 6514, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                6.4604454 = idf(docFreq=187, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=6514)
          0.0139535805 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 6514) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.0139535805 = score(doc=6514,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.05439925 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.4953254 = boost
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015353416 = queryNorm
              0.2565032 = fieldWeight in 6514, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=6514)
          0.17725292 = weight(abstract_txt:image in 6514) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.17725292 = score(doc=6514,freq=8.0), product of:
              0.18657124 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.2610803 = boost
                5.374322 = idf(docFreq=556, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015353416 = queryNorm
              0.9500549 = fieldWeight in 6514, product of:
                2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
                  8.0 = termFreq=8.0
                5.374322 = idf(docFreq=556, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=6514)
          0.029650504 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 6514) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.029650504 = score(doc=6514,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.13651483 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.5586011 = boost
                3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015353416 = queryNorm
              0.21719621 = fieldWeight in 6514, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=6514)
          0.037118036 = weight(abstract_txt:approach in 6514) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.037118036 = score(doc=6514,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.15856785 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.75753 = boost
                3.745328 = idf(docFreq=2839, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015353416 = queryNorm
              0.234083 = fieldWeight in 6514, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.745328 = idf(docFreq=2839, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=6514)
          0.21520922 = weight(abstract_txt:cbir in 6514) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.21520922 = score(doc=6514,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.38583958 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.8159678 = boost
                8.924298 = idf(docFreq=15, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015353416 = queryNorm
              0.55776864 = fieldWeight in 6514, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                8.924298 = idf(docFreq=15, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=6514)
          0.1740867 = weight(abstract_txt:space in 6514) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.1740867 = score(doc=6514,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.51653576 = queryWeight, product of:
                6.238931 = boost
                5.3924384 = idf(docFreq=546, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015353416 = queryNorm
              0.3370274 = fieldWeight in 6514, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.3924384 = idf(docFreq=546, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=6514)
        0.44 = coord(11/25)
    
  3. Carpineto, C.; Romano, G.: Order-theoretical ranking (2000) 0.37
    0.37002861 = sum of:
      0.37002861 = product of:
        0.770893 = sum of:
          0.048489243 = weight(abstract_txt:query in 4766) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.048489243 = score(doc=4766,freq=5.0), product of:
              0.07298653 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.7537646 = idf(docFreq=1035, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015353416 = queryNorm
              0.6643588 = fieldWeight in 4766, product of:
                2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                  5.0 = termFreq=5.0
                4.7537646 = idf(docFreq=1035, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4766)
          0.0056722946 = weight(abstract_txt:this in 4766) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.0056722946 = score(doc=4766,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.037611295 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0152028 = boost
                2.4130175 = idf(docFreq=10762, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015353416 = queryNorm
              0.1508136 = fieldWeight in 4766, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                2.4130175 = idf(docFreq=10762, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4766)
          0.039776478 = weight(abstract_txt:similarity in 4766) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.039776478 = score(doc=4766,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.10936709 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2241143 = boost
                5.8191514 = idf(docFreq=356, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015353416 = queryNorm
              0.36369696 = fieldWeight in 4766, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.8191514 = idf(docFreq=356, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4766)
          0.025304923 = weight(abstract_txt:than in 4766) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.025304923 = score(doc=4766,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.07350094 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2290534 = boost
                3.8950868 = idf(docFreq=2444, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015353416 = queryNorm
              0.34428027 = fieldWeight in 4766, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                3.8950868 = idf(docFreq=2444, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4766)
          0.0184977 = weight(abstract_txt:based in 4766) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.0184977 = score(doc=4766,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.06564691 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3412224 = boost
                3.1879277 = idf(docFreq=4958, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015353416 = queryNorm
              0.28177565 = fieldWeight in 4766, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                3.1879277 = idf(docFreq=4958, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4766)
          0.027609028 = weight(abstract_txt:method in 4766) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.027609028 = score(doc=4766,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.09814472 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.4202269 = boost
                4.50095 = idf(docFreq=1333, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015353416 = queryNorm
              0.28130937 = fieldWeight in 4766, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.50095 = idf(docFreq=1333, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4766)
          0.016112208 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 4766) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.016112208 = score(doc=4766,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.05439925 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.4953254 = boost
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015353416 = queryNorm
              0.2961844 = fieldWeight in 4766, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4766)
          0.029650504 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 4766) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.029650504 = score(doc=4766,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.13651483 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.5586011 = boost
                3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015353416 = queryNorm
              0.21719621 = fieldWeight in 4766, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4766)
          0.09697559 = weight(abstract_txt:clustering in 4766) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.09697559 = score(doc=4766,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.24960543 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.615295 = boost
                6.2162485 = idf(docFreq=239, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015353416 = queryNorm
              0.38851553 = fieldWeight in 4766, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.2162485 = idf(docFreq=239, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4766)
          0.052492827 = weight(abstract_txt:approach in 4766) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.052492827 = score(doc=4766,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.15856785 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.75753 = boost
                3.745328 = idf(docFreq=2839, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015353416 = queryNorm
              0.33104333 = fieldWeight in 4766, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                3.745328 = idf(docFreq=2839, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4766)
          0.23622549 = weight(abstract_txt:transformation in 4766) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.23622549 = score(doc=4766,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.410567 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.108008 = boost
                6.5095015 = idf(docFreq=178, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015353416 = queryNorm
              0.57536405 = fieldWeight in 4766, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                6.5095015 = idf(docFreq=178, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4766)
          0.1740867 = weight(abstract_txt:space in 4766) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.1740867 = score(doc=4766,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.51653576 = queryWeight, product of:
                6.238931 = boost
                5.3924384 = idf(docFreq=546, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015353416 = queryNorm
              0.3370274 = fieldWeight in 4766, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.3924384 = idf(docFreq=546, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4766)
        0.48 = coord(12/25)
    
  4. Rorissa, A.; Clough, P.; Deselaers, T.: Exploring the relationship between feature and perceptual visual spaces (2008) 0.36
    0.36117208 = sum of:
      0.36117208 = product of:
        1.0032557 = sum of:
          0.007090368 = weight(abstract_txt:this in 1612) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.007090368 = score(doc=1612,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.037611295 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0152028 = boost
                2.4130175 = idf(docFreq=10762, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015353416 = queryNorm
              0.18851699 = fieldWeight in 1612, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                2.4130175 = idf(docFreq=10762, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1612)
          0.07031554 = weight(abstract_txt:similarity in 1612) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.07031554 = score(doc=1612,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.10936709 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2241143 = boost
                5.8191514 = idf(docFreq=356, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015353416 = queryNorm
              0.64293146 = fieldWeight in 1612, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                5.8191514 = idf(docFreq=356, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1612)
          0.073318146 = weight(abstract_txt:feature in 1612) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.073318146 = score(doc=1612,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.112458795 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.241296 = boost
                5.9008293 = idf(docFreq=328, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015353416 = queryNorm
              0.65195566 = fieldWeight in 1612, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                5.9008293 = idf(docFreq=328, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1612)
          0.016349813 = weight(abstract_txt:based in 1612) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.016349813 = score(doc=1612,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.06564691 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3412224 = boost
                3.1879277 = idf(docFreq=4958, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015353416 = queryNorm
              0.24905685 = fieldWeight in 1612, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.1879277 = idf(docFreq=4958, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1612)
          0.068036936 = weight(abstract_txt:distance in 1612) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.068036936 = score(doc=1612,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.13480073 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3590167 = boost
                6.4604454 = idf(docFreq=187, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015353416 = queryNorm
              0.5047223 = fieldWeight in 1612, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.4604454 = idf(docFreq=187, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1612)
          0.11215447 = weight(abstract_txt:spaces in 1612) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.11215447 = score(doc=1612,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.14930128 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.4302449 = boost
                6.7990475 = idf(docFreq=133, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015353416 = queryNorm
              0.75119567 = fieldWeight in 1612, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                6.7990475 = idf(docFreq=133, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1612)
          0.01007013 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 1612) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.01007013 = score(doc=1612,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.05439925 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.4953254 = boost
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015353416 = queryNorm
              0.18511525 = fieldWeight in 1612, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1612)
          0.26901153 = weight(abstract_txt:cbir in 1612) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.26901153 = score(doc=1612,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.38583958 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.8159678 = boost
                8.924298 = idf(docFreq=15, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015353416 = queryNorm
              0.6972108 = fieldWeight in 1612, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                8.924298 = idf(docFreq=15, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1612)
          0.37690878 = weight(abstract_txt:space in 1612) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.37690878 = score(doc=1612,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.51653576 = queryWeight, product of:
                6.238931 = boost
                5.3924384 = idf(docFreq=546, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015353416 = queryNorm
              0.7296857 = fieldWeight in 1612, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                5.3924384 = idf(docFreq=546, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1612)
        0.36 = coord(9/25)
    
  5. Naik, J.B.; Srinivasarao, C.; Kande, G.B.: Local vector pattern with global index angles for a content-based image retrieval system (2017) 0.35
    0.3470121 = sum of:
      0.3470121 = product of:
        0.8675302 = sum of:
          0.009824702 = weight(abstract_txt:this in 3962) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.009824702 = score(doc=3962,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.037611295 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0152028 = boost
                2.4130175 = idf(docFreq=10762, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015353416 = queryNorm
              0.2612168 = fieldWeight in 3962, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                2.4130175 = idf(docFreq=10762, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3962)
          0.045535084 = weight(abstract_txt:efficiency in 3962) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.045535084 = score(doc=3962,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.119683206 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2805462 = boost
                6.087415 = idf(docFreq=272, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015353416 = queryNorm
              0.38046345 = fieldWeight in 3962, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.087415 = idf(docFreq=272, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3962)
          0.0261597 = weight(abstract_txt:based in 3962) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.0261597 = score(doc=3962,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.06564691 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3412224 = boost
                3.1879277 = idf(docFreq=4958, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015353416 = queryNorm
              0.39849097 = fieldWeight in 3962, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                3.1879277 = idf(docFreq=4958, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3962)
          0.029651545 = weight(abstract_txt:proposed in 3962) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.029651545 = score(doc=3962,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.10292742 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.45442 = boost
                4.6093135 = idf(docFreq=1196, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015353416 = queryNorm
              0.2880821 = fieldWeight in 3962, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.6093135 = idf(docFreq=1196, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3962)
          0.008056104 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 3962) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.008056104 = score(doc=3962,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.05439925 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.4953254 = boost
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015353416 = queryNorm
              0.1480922 = fieldWeight in 3962, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3962)
          0.116659075 = weight(abstract_txt:computationally in 3962) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.116659075 = score(doc=3962,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.22408603 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.7522095 = boost
                8.329592 = idf(docFreq=28, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015353416 = queryNorm
              0.5205995 = fieldWeight in 3962, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                8.329592 = idf(docFreq=28, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3962)
          0.08294863 = weight(abstract_txt:efficient in 3962) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.08294863 = score(doc=3962,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.16219185 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.8257394 = boost
                5.7860904 = idf(docFreq=368, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015353416 = queryNorm
              0.51142293 = fieldWeight in 3962, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                5.7860904 = idf(docFreq=368, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3962)
          0.08862646 = weight(abstract_txt:image in 3962) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.08862646 = score(doc=3962,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.18657124 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.2610803 = boost
                5.374322 = idf(docFreq=556, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015353416 = queryNorm
              0.47502744 = fieldWeight in 3962, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                5.374322 = idf(docFreq=556, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3962)
          0.029650504 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 3962) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.029650504 = score(doc=3962,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.13651483 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.5586011 = boost
                3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015353416 = queryNorm
              0.21719621 = fieldWeight in 3962, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.4751394 = idf(docFreq=3720, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3962)
          0.43041843 = weight(abstract_txt:cbir in 3962) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.43041843 = score(doc=3962,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.38583958 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.8159678 = boost
                8.924298 = idf(docFreq=15, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015353416 = queryNorm
              1.1155373 = fieldWeight in 3962, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                8.924298 = idf(docFreq=15, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3962)
        0.4 = coord(10/25)