Document (#31092)

Author

Williamson, N.J.

Title

Classification Issues: Report IFLA General Conference, Oslo, Norway, 2005 : Classification and Indexing Section

Source

Knowledge organization. 32(2005) no.4, S.163-167

Year

2005

Content

Darin auch Berichte über die deutschen Beiträge: "The third paper by Magda Heiner-Freiling, of the Deutsche Bibliothek and Patrice Landry of the Swiss National Library focuses on "The Use of the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) for the Organization of the National Bibliographies: Switzerland and Germany/Austria." It discusses the reasons that led to the use of DDC for this purpose, and deals with the difficulties of adopting a common approach using the Second Dewey Summary (100 divisions). It also describes the challenges for the three libraries of incorporating German requirements into the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie. Their concerns have been brought about by the introduction of national bibliographies to the web environment and the need to "undertake studies on how to bring electronic documents under bibliographic control." The issues were intensified by the need to arrange national bibliographies in a "userfriendly" way and to ensure efficient subject access to records. In addition there had been "a long-standing IFLA and UNESCO recommendation to arrange bibliography according to an international classification scheme." These events provided the background for the decision by the three libraries to work together to produce a common Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) arrangement for the national bibliographies of Austria, Germany and Switzerland. The position of each library is described. The Swiss National Library undertook a major reorganization of its operations and structures which included a study to select a classification scheme for its collection - a study which also looked at the national bibliography. For the Swiss national bibliography, this evaluation led to the replacement of an indexing system based on UDC with the Dewey Second Summary (100 Divisions) with modifications for Swiss history and geography. In 2004 Die Deutsche Bibliothek (DDB) decided "to use a new scheme based on DDC" for the new Deutsche Nationalbibliografie (DNB) and the Austrian national bibliography followed suit in the same year. These moves can be attributed to two factors. The first was the impending publication of a German translation of DDC. Secondly, since 1982 the three libraries had been using two different systems, a situation that placed constraints on the exchange of data for use by the bibliographies. There was growing international acceptance of DDC and the change to DDC would improve bibliographic services and facilitate cooperation with foreign national libraries.
Originally, it was decided that the Dewey Second Summary (100 Divisions) would be a suitable level of access for the bibliography and that the standard DDC organization should be used. In many cases there was a good match between DDC and the former subject categories, in all fields of science and in subjects where literary warrant was high However this was not suitable throughout. Among the areas cited as problems are some of the places where UDC and DDC differ (e.g. the 800s). With respect to music, a deeper level of division than the Dewey outline was needed (specifically in 782 and 784-788 sections on printed and recorded music). In 2002 and 2003 an analysis of the distribution of documents with the 100 Divisions was conducted. Documents were not spread evenly in all classes and while some classes could be merged, others could benefit for the use of more specific numbers. Also, there were discipline based problems, for example in the melding of all branches of engineering. As well, there was a lack of correspondence with modern disciplines such as engineering, electronics, mechanical engineering and environmental technology which had been separate subject categories prior to 2004. Another troublesome discipline was archaeology. Moreover the Second Summary level introduced in 2004 proved to be too broad and would not satisfy users' bibliographic needs. In some cases, in classes containing a variety of topics, subtopics were invisible (e.g. 790 Sports, games and entertainment). As a result, beginning in 2006 the DNB will use full DDC notations. However, the problem would not be insurmountable. The authors concluded that - the cooperation was an interesting are rewarding experience. Ultimately each national - library could adjust and adapt the classification for its own needs and the work done was a good basis for further developments Further, it strengthened support for the German version of DDC to be published in 2006."

Object

DDC
UDC
MSAC

Similar documents (author)

1. Williamson, N.J.: ¬The Library of Congress Classification and the computer: research in progress (1989) 4.69

   4.694883 = sum of:
     4.694883 = weight(author_txt:williamson in 114) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       4.694883 = fieldWeight in 114, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         7.5118127 = idf(docFreq=65, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=114)
   

2. Williamson, N.J.: ¬The role of classification in online systems (1989) 4.69

   4.694883 = sum of:
     4.694883 = weight(author_txt:williamson in 344) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       4.694883 = fieldWeight in 344, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         7.5118127 = idf(docFreq=65, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=344)
   

3. Williamson, N.J.: Education for positions in the subject control of information (1987) 4.69

   4.694883 = sum of:
     4.694883 = weight(author_txt:williamson in 537) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       4.694883 = fieldWeight in 537, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         7.5118127 = idf(docFreq=65, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=537)
   

4. Williamson, N.J.: Subject access in the on-line environment (1984) 4.69

   4.694883 = sum of:
     4.694883 = weight(author_txt:williamson in 572) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       4.694883 = fieldWeight in 572, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         7.5118127 = idf(docFreq=65, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=572)
   

5. Williamson, N.J.: Online Klassifikation : Gegenwart und Zukunft (1988) 4.69

   4.694883 = sum of:
     4.694883 = weight(author_txt:williamson in 764) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       4.694883 = fieldWeight in 764, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         7.5118127 = idf(docFreq=65, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=764)
   

Similar documents (content)

1. McGarry, D.: Guidelines for subject authority and reference entries (1996) 0.41

   0.40579876 = sum of:
     0.40579876 = product of:
       0.89275724 = sum of:
         0.09186358 = weight(abstract_txt:general in 6646) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09186358 = score(doc=6646,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.13572137 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0074985 = boost
               4.3318667 = idf(docFreq=1586, maxDocs=44421)
               0.031097732 = queryNorm
             0.6768542 = fieldWeight in 6646, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.3318667 = idf(docFreq=1586, maxDocs=44421)
               0.15625 = fieldNorm(doc=6646)
         0.09304188 = weight(abstract_txt:indexing in 6646) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09304188 = score(doc=6646,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.13687947 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0117879 = boost
               4.3503094 = idf(docFreq=1557, maxDocs=44421)
               0.031097732 = queryNorm
             0.67973584 = fieldWeight in 6646, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.3503094 = idf(docFreq=1557, maxDocs=44421)
               0.15625 = fieldNorm(doc=6646)
         0.24504758 = weight(abstract_txt:section in 6646) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.24504758 = score(doc=6646,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.26104754 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3972692 = boost
               6.0077353 = idf(docFreq=296, maxDocs=44421)
               0.031097732 = queryNorm
             0.93870866 = fieldWeight in 6646, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.0077353 = idf(docFreq=296, maxDocs=44421)
               0.15625 = fieldNorm(doc=6646)
         0.31899995 = weight(abstract_txt:ifla in 6646) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.31899995 = score(doc=6646,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.31122878 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5256685 = boost
               6.559804 = idf(docFreq=170, maxDocs=44421)
               0.031097732 = queryNorm
             1.0249693 = fieldWeight in 6646, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.559804 = idf(docFreq=170, maxDocs=44421)
               0.15625 = fieldNorm(doc=6646)
         0.14380424 = weight(abstract_txt:classification in 6646) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.14380424 = score(doc=6646,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.23053868 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.8569798 = boost
               3.9921594 = idf(docFreq=2228, maxDocs=44421)
               0.031097732 = queryNorm
             0.6237749 = fieldWeight in 6646, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.9921594 = idf(docFreq=2228, maxDocs=44421)
               0.15625 = fieldNorm(doc=6646)
       0.45454547 = coord(5/11)
   

2. Plassard, M.-F.: IFLA core programme for Universal Bibliographic Control and International MARC (UBCIM) and Division of Bibliographic Control (1997) 0.40

   0.40451455 = sum of:
     0.40451455 = product of:
       1.112415 = sum of:
         0.09304188 = weight(abstract_txt:indexing in 969) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09304188 = score(doc=969,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.13687947 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0117879 = boost
               4.3503094 = idf(docFreq=1557, maxDocs=44421)
               0.031097732 = queryNorm
             0.67973584 = fieldWeight in 969, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.3503094 = idf(docFreq=1557, maxDocs=44421)
               0.15625 = fieldNorm(doc=969)
         0.42443484 = weight(abstract_txt:section in 969) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.42443484 = score(doc=969,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.26104754 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3972692 = boost
               6.0077353 = idf(docFreq=296, maxDocs=44421)
               0.031097732 = queryNorm
             1.625891 = fieldWeight in 969, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               6.0077353 = idf(docFreq=296, maxDocs=44421)
               0.15625 = fieldNorm(doc=969)
         0.45113406 = weight(abstract_txt:ifla in 969) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.45113406 = score(doc=969,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.31122878 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5256685 = boost
               6.559804 = idf(docFreq=170, maxDocs=44421)
               0.031097732 = queryNorm
             1.4495255 = fieldWeight in 969, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               6.559804 = idf(docFreq=170, maxDocs=44421)
               0.15625 = fieldNorm(doc=969)
         0.14380424 = weight(abstract_txt:classification in 969) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.14380424 = score(doc=969,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.23053868 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.8569798 = boost
               3.9921594 = idf(docFreq=2228, maxDocs=44421)
               0.031097732 = queryNorm
             0.6237749 = fieldWeight in 969, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.9921594 = idf(docFreq=2228, maxDocs=44421)
               0.15625 = fieldNorm(doc=969)
       0.36363637 = coord(4/11)
   

3. Balikova, M.: Multilingual Subject Access to Catalogues of National Libraries (MSAC) : Czech Republic's collaboration with Slovakia, Slovenia, Croatia, Macedonia, Lithuania and Latvia (2005) 0.37

   0.36991498 = sum of:
     0.36991498 = product of:
       0.8138129 = sum of:
         0.06579055 = weight(abstract_txt:indexing in 5349) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06579055 = score(doc=5349,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.13687947 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0117879 = boost
               4.3503094 = idf(docFreq=1557, maxDocs=44421)
               0.031097732 = queryNorm
             0.48064584 = fieldWeight in 5349, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.3503094 = idf(docFreq=1557, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5349)
         0.12252379 = weight(abstract_txt:section in 5349) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.12252379 = score(doc=5349,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.26104754 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3972692 = boost
               6.0077353 = idf(docFreq=296, maxDocs=44421)
               0.031097732 = queryNorm
             0.46935433 = fieldWeight in 5349, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.0077353 = idf(docFreq=296, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5349)
         0.15949997 = weight(abstract_txt:ifla in 5349) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.15949997 = score(doc=5349,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.31122878 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5256685 = boost
               6.559804 = idf(docFreq=170, maxDocs=44421)
               0.031097732 = queryNorm
             0.51248467 = fieldWeight in 5349, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.559804 = idf(docFreq=170, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5349)
         0.07190212 = weight(abstract_txt:classification in 5349) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07190212 = score(doc=5349,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.23053868 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.8569798 = boost
               3.9921594 = idf(docFreq=2228, maxDocs=44421)
               0.031097732 = queryNorm
             0.31188744 = fieldWeight in 5349, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.9921594 = idf(docFreq=2228, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5349)
         0.39409646 = weight(abstract_txt:oslo in 5349) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.39409646 = score(doc=5349,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.56881934 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.0625644 = boost
               8.868255 = idf(docFreq=16, maxDocs=44421)
               0.031097732 = queryNorm
             0.6928324 = fieldWeight in 5349, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.868255 = idf(docFreq=16, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5349)
       0.45454547 = coord(5/11)
   

4. Plassard, M.-F.: IFLA Core Programme for Universal Bibliographic Control and International MARC and Division of Bibliographic Control : reports on activites 1997-1998 (1998) 0.37

   0.36866543 = sum of:
     0.36866543 = product of:
       0.8110639 = sum of:
         0.06512932 = weight(abstract_txt:indexing in 6172) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06512932 = score(doc=6172,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.13687947 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0117879 = boost
               4.3503094 = idf(docFreq=1557, maxDocs=44421)
               0.031097732 = queryNorm
             0.4758151 = fieldWeight in 6172, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.3503094 = idf(docFreq=1557, maxDocs=44421)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=6172)
         0.12486725 = weight(abstract_txt:report in 6172) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.12486725 = score(doc=6172,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.21124496 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2569369 = boost
               5.4043584 = idf(docFreq=542, maxDocs=44421)
               0.031097732 = queryNorm
             0.5911017 = fieldWeight in 6172, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.4043584 = idf(docFreq=542, maxDocs=44421)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=6172)
         0.29710442 = weight(abstract_txt:section in 6172) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.29710442 = score(doc=6172,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.26104754 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3972692 = boost
               6.0077353 = idf(docFreq=296, maxDocs=44421)
               0.031097732 = queryNorm
             1.1381238 = fieldWeight in 6172, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               6.0077353 = idf(docFreq=296, maxDocs=44421)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=6172)
         0.22329998 = weight(abstract_txt:ifla in 6172) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.22329998 = score(doc=6172,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.31122878 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5256685 = boost
               6.559804 = idf(docFreq=170, maxDocs=44421)
               0.031097732 = queryNorm
             0.7174786 = fieldWeight in 6172, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.559804 = idf(docFreq=170, maxDocs=44421)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=6172)
         0.10066297 = weight(abstract_txt:classification in 6172) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.10066297 = score(doc=6172,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.23053868 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.8569798 = boost
               3.9921594 = idf(docFreq=2228, maxDocs=44421)
               0.031097732 = queryNorm
             0.43664244 = fieldWeight in 6172, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.9921594 = idf(docFreq=2228, maxDocs=44421)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=6172)
       0.45454547 = coord(5/11)
   

5. Tomitch, M.-M.: ¬Le role de l'IFLA en matière de normalisation (1998) 0.36

   0.35738334 = sum of:
     0.35738334 = product of:
       0.7862433 = sum of:
         0.11280729 = weight(abstract_txt:indexing in 3243) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.11280729 = score(doc=3243,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.13687947 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0117879 = boost
               4.3503094 = idf(docFreq=1557, maxDocs=44421)
               0.031097732 = queryNorm
             0.8241359 = fieldWeight in 3243, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.3503094 = idf(docFreq=1557, maxDocs=44421)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=3243)
         0.1362438 = weight(abstract_txt:conference in 3243) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.1362438 = score(doc=3243,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.22388852 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2940058 = boost
               5.5637407 = idf(docFreq=462, maxDocs=44421)
               0.031097732 = queryNorm
             0.60853416 = fieldWeight in 3243, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.5637407 = idf(docFreq=462, maxDocs=44421)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=3243)
         0.1715333 = weight(abstract_txt:section in 3243) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.1715333 = score(doc=3243,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.26104754 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3972692 = boost
               6.0077353 = idf(docFreq=296, maxDocs=44421)
               0.031097732 = queryNorm
             0.657096 = fieldWeight in 3243, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.0077353 = idf(docFreq=296, maxDocs=44421)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=3243)
         0.22329998 = weight(abstract_txt:ifla in 3243) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.22329998 = score(doc=3243,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.31122878 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.5256685 = boost
               6.559804 = idf(docFreq=170, maxDocs=44421)
               0.031097732 = queryNorm
             0.7174786 = fieldWeight in 3243, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.559804 = idf(docFreq=170, maxDocs=44421)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=3243)
         0.14235893 = weight(abstract_txt:classification in 3243) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.14235893 = score(doc=3243,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.23053868 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.8569798 = boost
               3.9921594 = idf(docFreq=2228, maxDocs=44421)
               0.031097732 = queryNorm
             0.6175056 = fieldWeight in 3243, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.9921594 = idf(docFreq=2228, maxDocs=44421)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=3243)
       0.45454547 = coord(5/11)