Document (#31059)

Author

Panyr, J.

Title

Thesauri, Semantische Netze, Frames, Topic Maps, Taxonomien, Ontologien - begriffliche Verwirrung oder konzeptionelle Vielfalt?

Source

Information und Sprache: Beiträge zu Informationswissenschaft, Computerlinguistik, Bibliothekswesen und verwandten Fächern. Festschrift für Harald H. Zimmermann. Herausgegeben von Ilse Harms, Heinz-Dirk Luckhardt und Hans W. Giessen

Imprint

München : Saur

Year

2006

Pages

S.139-151

Abstract

Mit der Verbreitung des Internets und insbesondere mit der Einführung des Begriffes Semantic Web wurde eine Reihe von neuen Begriffen (Termini) für nicht immer neue Entwicklungen eingeführt, ohne dass die bisherige Begriffsbildung bzw. die schon angewandten Lösungen in benachbarten Fachgebieten hinreichend berücksichtigt wurden. Dabei wird manchmal der Eindruck erweckt, dass die populären Anwendungszweige der Informatik (oder auch der Informationswissenschaft) hauptsächlich durch wirksame Schlagworte gesteuert werden. Im deutschsprachigen Raum kommt auch noch die oftmals (vermeintlich) werbewirksame Verwendung der nicht übersetzten englischen Ausdrücke im Original oder als eingedeutschter Termini. Letzteres führt dabei nicht selten zur semantischen Verschiebungen der Bedeutung der ursprünglichen Begriffe. So z.B. wird das englische Wort concept (entspricht dem deutschen Wort Begriff) mit allen seinen Ableitungen (wie z.B. conceptualization - Verbegrifflichung, conceptual - begrifflich) in der eingedeutschten unübersetzten Form fälschlich verwendet, ohne dass diese Wortschöpfungen dabei näher erläutert werden. Es wird dadurch der Eindruck erweckt, dass etwas inhaltlich Neues eingeführt wird. Häufig werden diese Begriffe auch nebeneinander verwendet, wie z.B. in der Definition von Ontologie in der Internet-Enzyklopädie Wikipedia " ... System von Begriffen und/oder Konzepten und Relationen zwischen diesen Begriffen". In den zahlreichen Studien über die Ontologie wird auf die Möglichkeit ähnlicher Verwendung von Thesauri nicht eingegangen, sie existieren im Kontext der Veröffentlichung überhaupt nicht (vgl. z.B. die Studie von Smith (2003), die jedoch mit Bezug zu Philosophie gerade zu überfrachtet wird). In der folgenden Arbeit werden verwandte Repräsentationsarten, wie z.B. Thesaurus, semantisches Netz, Frames, Themenkarten (Topic Maps) und Ontologie definiert. Die Gemeinsamkeiten dieser Repräsentationsformen werden dabei im Vordergrund stehen. Die in der Literatur häufig betonten Unterschiede sind manchmal aus der Unkenntnis der theoretischen Basis dieser Ansätze abzuleiten. Eine Koexistenz jeweiliger Repräsentation ist vonnöten. Im Vordergrund des Aufsatzes steht die mögliche Wechselwirkung zwischen Ontologien und Thesauri.

Theme

Wissensrepräsentation

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5. Haffner, A.: Internationalisierung der GND durch das Semantic Web (2012) 0.24

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