Document (#30934)

Author

Decurtins, C.
Norrie, M.C.
Signer, B.

Title

Putting the gloss on paper : a framework for cross-media annotation

Source

New review of hypermedia and multimedia. 9(2003) no.1, S.35-57

Year

2003

Abstract

We present a general framework for cross-media annotation that can be used to support the many different forms and uses of annotation. Specifically, we discuss the need for digital annotation of printed materials and describe how various technologies for digitally augmented paper can be used in support of work practices. The state of the art in terms of both commercial and research solutions is described in some detail, with an analysis of the extent to which they can support both the writing and reading activities associated with annotation. Our framework is based on an extension of the information server that was developed within the Paper++ project to support enhanced reading. It is capable of handling both formal and informal annotation across printed and digital media, exploiting a range of technologies for information capture and display. A prototype demonstrator application for mammography is presented to illustrate both the functionality of the framework and the status of existing technologies.

Theme

Hypertext

Similar documents (content)

1. Lim, S.C.J.; Liu, Y.; Lee, W.B.: Multi-facet product information search and retrieval using semantically annotated product family ontology (2010) 0.13

   0.13207403 = sum of:
     0.13207403 = product of:
       0.55030847 = sum of:
         0.021484198 = weight(abstract_txt:digital in 239) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.021484198 = score(doc=239,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09078152 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4058679 = boost
               4.3274655 = idf(docFreq=1593, maxDocs=44421)
               0.014921733 = queryNorm
             0.23665828 = fieldWeight in 239, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.3274655 = idf(docFreq=1593, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=239)
         0.016494686 = weight(abstract_txt:paper in 239) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.016494686 = score(doc=239,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08713202 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6868651 = boost
               3.4616103 = idf(docFreq=3788, maxDocs=44421)
               0.014921733 = queryNorm
             0.18930681 = fieldWeight in 239, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.4616103 = idf(docFreq=3788, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=239)
         0.029232468 = weight(abstract_txt:both in 239) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.029232468 = score(doc=239,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14044459 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.4729385 = boost
               3.8060317 = idf(docFreq=2684, maxDocs=44421)
               0.014921733 = queryNorm
             0.20814236 = fieldWeight in 239, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.8060317 = idf(docFreq=2684, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=239)
         0.04434 = weight(abstract_txt:support in 239) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.04434 = score(doc=239,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.18540658 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.8413413 = boost
               4.37303 = idf(docFreq=1522, maxDocs=44421)
               0.014921733 = queryNorm
             0.23915009 = fieldWeight in 239, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.37303 = idf(docFreq=1522, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=239)
         0.049763378 = weight(abstract_txt:framework in 239) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.049763378 = score(doc=239,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.2002325 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.9527597 = boost
               4.5445113 = idf(docFreq=1282, maxDocs=44421)
               0.014921733 = queryNorm
             0.24852796 = fieldWeight in 239, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.5445113 = idf(docFreq=1282, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=239)
         0.38899377 = weight(abstract_txt:annotation in 239) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.38899377 = score(doc=239,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.7165451 = queryWeight, product of:
               6.841136 = boost
               7.019336 = idf(docFreq=107, maxDocs=44421)
               0.014921733 = queryNorm
             0.5428741 = fieldWeight in 239, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               7.019336 = idf(docFreq=107, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=239)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)
   

2. Ruhl, M.: Do we need metadata? : an on-line survey in German archives (2012) 0.13

   0.1316503 = sum of:
     0.1316503 = product of:
       0.65825146 = sum of:
         0.017196227 = weight(abstract_txt:used in 1471) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.017196227 = score(doc=1471,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.054636724 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0906569 = boost
               3.3572001 = idf(docFreq=4205, maxDocs=44421)
               0.014921733 = queryNorm
             0.3147375 = fieldWeight in 1471, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.3572001 = idf(docFreq=4205, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1471)
         0.052085556 = weight(abstract_txt:digital in 1471) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.052085556 = score(doc=1471,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.09078152 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4058679 = boost
               4.3274655 = idf(docFreq=1593, maxDocs=44421)
               0.014921733 = queryNorm
             0.57374626 = fieldWeight in 1471, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.3274655 = idf(docFreq=1593, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1471)
         0.028276602 = weight(abstract_txt:paper in 1471) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.028276602 = score(doc=1471,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08713202 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6868651 = boost
               3.4616103 = idf(docFreq=3788, maxDocs=44421)
               0.014921733 = queryNorm
             0.32452595 = fieldWeight in 1471, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.4616103 = idf(docFreq=3788, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1471)
         0.0891614 = weight(abstract_txt:media in 1471) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0891614 = score(doc=1471,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1873603 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.4736044 = boost
               5.076075 = idf(docFreq=753, maxDocs=44421)
               0.014921733 = queryNorm
             0.47588205 = fieldWeight in 1471, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.076075 = idf(docFreq=753, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1471)
         0.47153166 = weight(abstract_txt:annotation in 1471) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.47153166 = score(doc=1471,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.7165451 = queryWeight, product of:
               6.841136 = boost
               7.019336 = idf(docFreq=107, maxDocs=44421)
               0.014921733 = queryNorm
             0.65806276 = fieldWeight in 1471, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.019336 = idf(docFreq=107, maxDocs=44421)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1471)
       0.2 = coord(5/25)
   

3. Winget, M.A.: Annotations on musical scores by performing musicians : collaborative models, interactive methods, and music digital library tool development (2008) 0.12

   0.123548225 = sum of:
     0.123548225 = product of:
       0.6177411 = sum of:
         0.08125512 = weight(abstract_txt:augmented in 3368) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08125512 = score(doc=3368,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.13789247 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2251834 = boost
               7.5425844 = idf(docFreq=63, maxDocs=44421)
               0.014921733 = queryNorm
             0.5892644 = fieldWeight in 3368, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.5425844 = idf(docFreq=63, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3368)
         0.03069171 = weight(abstract_txt:digital in 3368) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03069171 = score(doc=3368,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09078152 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4058679 = boost
               4.3274655 = idf(docFreq=1593, maxDocs=44421)
               0.014921733 = queryNorm
             0.33808324 = fieldWeight in 3368, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.3274655 = idf(docFreq=1593, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3368)
         0.041760672 = weight(abstract_txt:both in 3368) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.041760672 = score(doc=3368,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14044459 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.4729385 = boost
               3.8060317 = idf(docFreq=2684, maxDocs=44421)
               0.014921733 = queryNorm
             0.29734623 = fieldWeight in 3368, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.8060317 = idf(docFreq=2684, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3368)
         0.07109054 = weight(abstract_txt:framework in 3368) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07109054 = score(doc=3368,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.2002325 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.9527597 = boost
               4.5445113 = idf(docFreq=1282, maxDocs=44421)
               0.014921733 = queryNorm
             0.35503995 = fieldWeight in 3368, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.5445113 = idf(docFreq=1282, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3368)
         0.39294302 = weight(abstract_txt:annotation in 3368) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.39294302 = score(doc=3368,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.7165451 = queryWeight, product of:
               6.841136 = boost
               7.019336 = idf(docFreq=107, maxDocs=44421)
               0.014921733 = queryNorm
             0.5483856 = fieldWeight in 3368, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.019336 = idf(docFreq=107, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3368)
       0.2 = coord(5/25)
   

4. Grassi, M.; Morbidoni, C.; Nucci, M.; Fonda, S.; Ledda, G.: Pundit: semantically structured annotations for Web contents and digital libraries (2012) 0.12

   0.121091746 = sum of:
     0.121091746 = product of:
       0.60545874 = sum of:
         0.023563838 = weight(abstract_txt:paper in 1473) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.023563838 = score(doc=1473,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08713202 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6868651 = boost
               3.4616103 = idf(docFreq=3788, maxDocs=44421)
               0.014921733 = queryNorm
             0.2704383 = fieldWeight in 1473, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.4616103 = idf(docFreq=3788, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1473)
         0.06655053 = weight(abstract_txt:cross in 1473) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06655053 = score(doc=1473,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1520843 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.8196507 = boost
               5.6011486 = idf(docFreq=445, maxDocs=44421)
               0.014921733 = queryNorm
             0.43758973 = fieldWeight in 1473, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.6011486 = idf(docFreq=445, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1473)
         0.059058506 = weight(abstract_txt:both in 1473) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.059058506 = score(doc=1473,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.14044459 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.4729385 = boost
               3.8060317 = idf(docFreq=2684, maxDocs=44421)
               0.014921733 = queryNorm
             0.42051107 = fieldWeight in 1473, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.8060317 = idf(docFreq=2684, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1473)
         0.063342854 = weight(abstract_txt:support in 1473) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.063342854 = score(doc=1473,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.18540658 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.8413413 = boost
               4.37303 = idf(docFreq=1522, maxDocs=44421)
               0.014921733 = queryNorm
             0.34164298 = fieldWeight in 1473, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.37303 = idf(docFreq=1522, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1473)
         0.39294302 = weight(abstract_txt:annotation in 1473) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.39294302 = score(doc=1473,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.7165451 = queryWeight, product of:
               6.841136 = boost
               7.019336 = idf(docFreq=107, maxDocs=44421)
               0.014921733 = queryNorm
             0.5483856 = fieldWeight in 1473, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.019336 = idf(docFreq=107, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1473)
       0.2 = coord(5/25)
   

5. Chen, J.; Wang, D.; Xie, I.; Lu, Q.: Image annotation tactics : transitions, strategies and efficiency (2018) 0.12

   0.120505 = sum of:
     0.120505 = product of:
       1.0042083 = sum of:
         0.010031132 = weight(abstract_txt:used in 46) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.010031132 = score(doc=46,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.054636724 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0906569 = boost
               3.3572001 = idf(docFreq=4205, maxDocs=44421)
               0.014921733 = queryNorm
             0.18359688 = fieldWeight in 46, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.3572001 = idf(docFreq=4205, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=46)
         0.041340955 = weight(abstract_txt:both in 46) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.041340955 = score(doc=46,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.14044459 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.4729385 = boost
               3.8060317 = idf(docFreq=2684, maxDocs=44421)
               0.014921733 = queryNorm
             0.29435775 = fieldWeight in 46, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.8060317 = idf(docFreq=2684, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=46)
         0.9528362 = weight(abstract_txt:annotation in 46) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.9528362 = score(doc=46,freq=12.0), product of:
             0.7165451 = queryWeight, product of:
               6.841136 = boost
               7.019336 = idf(docFreq=107, maxDocs=44421)
               0.014921733 = queryNorm
             1.3297645 = fieldWeight in 46, product of:
               3.4641016 = tf(freq=12.0), with freq of:
                 12.0 = termFreq=12.0
               7.019336 = idf(docFreq=107, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=46)
       0.12 = coord(3/25)