Document (#30211)

Author

Zhang, J.
Wolfram, D.

Title

Visualization of term discrimination analysis

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 52(2001) no.8, S.615-627

Year

2001

Abstract

Zang and Wolfram compute the discrimination value for terms as the difference between the centroid value of all terms in the corpus and that value without the term in question, and suggest selection be made by comparing density changes with a visualization tool. The Distance Angle Retrieval Environment (DARE) visually projects a document or term space by presenting distance similarity on the X axis and angular similarity on the Y axis. Thus a document icon appearing close to the X axis would be relevant to reference points in terms of a distance similarity measure, while those close to the Y axis are relevant to reference points in terms of an angle based measure. Using 450 Associated Press news reports indexed by 44 distinct terms, the removal of the term ``Yeltsin'' causes the cluster to fall on the Y axis indicating a good discriminator. For an angular measure, cosine say, movement along the X axis to the left will signal good discrimination, as movement to the right will signal poor discrimination. A term density space could also be used. Most terms are shown to be indifferent discriminators. Different measures result in different choices as good and poor discriminators, as does the use of a term space rather than a document space. The visualization approach is clearly feasible, and provides some additional insights not found in the computation of a discrimination value.

Similar documents (author)

1. Wolfram, D.; Zhang, J.: ¬An investigation of the influence of indexing exhaustivity and term distributions on a document space (2002) 5.15

   5.1478434 = sum of:
     5.1478434 = sum of:
       1.6828129 = weight(author_txt:zhang in 238) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         1.6828129 = score(doc=238,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.52562034 = queryWeight, product of:
             6.40315 = idf(docFreq=199, maxDocs=44421)
             0.08208778 = queryNorm
           3.201575 = fieldWeight in 238, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             6.40315 = idf(docFreq=199, maxDocs=44421)
             0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=238)
       3.4650304 = weight(author_txt:wolfram in 238) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         3.4650304 = score(doc=238,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.85071933 = queryWeight, product of:
             1.2722049 = boost
             8.146119 = idf(docFreq=34, maxDocs=44421)
             0.08208778 = queryNorm
           4.0730596 = fieldWeight in 238, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             8.146119 = idf(docFreq=34, maxDocs=44421)
             0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=238)
   

2. Wolfram, D.; Zhang, J.: ¬The influence of indexing practices and weighting algorithms on document spaces (2008) 5.15

   5.1478434 = sum of:
     5.1478434 = sum of:
       1.6828129 = weight(author_txt:zhang in 2963) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         1.6828129 = score(doc=2963,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.52562034 = queryWeight, product of:
             6.40315 = idf(docFreq=199, maxDocs=44421)
             0.08208778 = queryNorm
           3.201575 = fieldWeight in 2963, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             6.40315 = idf(docFreq=199, maxDocs=44421)
             0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=2963)
       3.4650304 = weight(author_txt:wolfram in 2963) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         3.4650304 = score(doc=2963,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.85071933 = queryWeight, product of:
             1.2722049 = boost
             8.146119 = idf(docFreq=34, maxDocs=44421)
             0.08208778 = queryNorm
           4.0730596 = fieldWeight in 2963, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             8.146119 = idf(docFreq=34, maxDocs=44421)
             0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=2963)
   

3. Wolfram, D.; Wang, P.; Zhang, J.: Identifying Web search session patterns using cluster analysis : a comparison of three search environments (2009) 3.86

   3.8608828 = sum of:
     3.8608828 = sum of:
       1.2621096 = weight(author_txt:zhang in 3796) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         1.2621096 = score(doc=3796,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.52562034 = queryWeight, product of:
             6.40315 = idf(docFreq=199, maxDocs=44421)
             0.08208778 = queryNorm
           2.4011812 = fieldWeight in 3796, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             6.40315 = idf(docFreq=199, maxDocs=44421)
             0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=3796)
       2.598773 = weight(author_txt:wolfram in 3796) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         2.598773 = score(doc=3796,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.85071933 = queryWeight, product of:
             1.2722049 = boost
             8.146119 = idf(docFreq=34, maxDocs=44421)
             0.08208778 = queryNorm
           3.0547948 = fieldWeight in 3796, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             8.146119 = idf(docFreq=34, maxDocs=44421)
             0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=3796)
   

4. Zhang, J.; Wolfram, D.; Wang, P.: Analysis of query keywords of sports-related queries using visualization and clustering (2009) 3.86

   3.8608828 = sum of:
     3.8608828 = sum of:
       1.2621096 = weight(author_txt:zhang in 3947) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         1.2621096 = score(doc=3947,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.52562034 = queryWeight, product of:
             6.40315 = idf(docFreq=199, maxDocs=44421)
             0.08208778 = queryNorm
           2.4011812 = fieldWeight in 3947, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             6.40315 = idf(docFreq=199, maxDocs=44421)
             0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=3947)
       2.598773 = weight(author_txt:wolfram in 3947) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         2.598773 = score(doc=3947,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.85071933 = queryWeight, product of:
             1.2722049 = boost
             8.146119 = idf(docFreq=34, maxDocs=44421)
             0.08208778 = queryNorm
           3.0547948 = fieldWeight in 3947, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             8.146119 = idf(docFreq=34, maxDocs=44421)
             0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=3947)
   

5. Zhang, J.; Wolfram, D.; Wang, P.; Hong, Y.; Gillis, R.: Visualization of health-subject analysis based on query term co-occurrences (2008) 3.22

   3.217402 = sum of:
     3.217402 = sum of:
       1.0517582 = weight(author_txt:zhang in 3376) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         1.0517582 = score(doc=3376,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.52562034 = queryWeight, product of:
             6.40315 = idf(docFreq=199, maxDocs=44421)
             0.08208778 = queryNorm
           2.0009844 = fieldWeight in 3376, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             6.40315 = idf(docFreq=199, maxDocs=44421)
             0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=3376)
       2.165644 = weight(author_txt:wolfram in 3376) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         2.165644 = score(doc=3376,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.85071933 = queryWeight, product of:
             1.2722049 = boost
             8.146119 = idf(docFreq=34, maxDocs=44421)
             0.08208778 = queryNorm
           2.5456622 = fieldWeight in 3376, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             8.146119 = idf(docFreq=34, maxDocs=44421)
             0.3125 = fieldNorm(doc=3376)
   

Similar documents (content)

1. Wolfram, D.; Zhang, J.: ¬An investigation of the influence of indexing exhaustivity and term distributions on a document space (2002) 0.35

   0.34864923 = sum of:
     0.34864923 = product of:
       0.7923846 = sum of:
         0.053344775 = weight(abstract_txt:wolfram in 238) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.053344775 = score(doc=238,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09746644 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0170263 = boost
               8.757029 = idf(docFreq=18, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010943749 = queryNorm
             0.5473143 = fieldWeight in 238, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.757029 = idf(docFreq=18, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=238)
         0.09644708 = weight(abstract_txt:centroid in 238) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09644708 = score(doc=238,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.11480917 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1038065 = boost
               9.504243 = idf(docFreq=8, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010943749 = queryNorm
             0.8400643 = fieldWeight in 238, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               9.504243 = idf(docFreq=8, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=238)
         0.025077486 = weight(abstract_txt:points in 238) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.025077486 = score(doc=238,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07424374 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2553059 = boost
               5.4043584 = idf(docFreq=542, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010943749 = queryNorm
             0.3377724 = fieldWeight in 238, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.4043584 = idf(docFreq=542, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=238)
         0.05661033 = weight(abstract_txt:document in 238) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.05661033 = score(doc=238,freq=9.0), product of:
             0.07031002 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4961457 = boost
               4.29415 = idf(docFreq=1647, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010943749 = queryNorm
             0.80515313 = fieldWeight in 238, product of:
               3.0 = tf(freq=9.0), with freq of:
                 9.0 = termFreq=9.0
               4.29415 = idf(docFreq=1647, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=238)
         0.038284324 = weight(abstract_txt:measure in 238) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.038284324 = score(doc=238,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11268036 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.8940411 = boost
               5.4361663 = idf(docFreq=525, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010943749 = queryNorm
             0.3397604 = fieldWeight in 238, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.4361663 = idf(docFreq=525, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=238)
         0.14122017 = weight(abstract_txt:angle in 238) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.14122017 = score(doc=238,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.18651982 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9896749 = boost
               8.565973 = idf(docFreq=22, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010943749 = queryNorm
             0.75713223 = fieldWeight in 238, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               8.565973 = idf(docFreq=22, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=238)
         0.046934966 = weight(abstract_txt:similarity in 238) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.046934966 = score(doc=238,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12907197 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.0271282 = boost
               5.8181453 = idf(docFreq=358, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010943749 = queryNorm
             0.36363408 = fieldWeight in 238, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.8181453 = idf(docFreq=358, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=238)
         0.111535765 = weight(abstract_txt:distance in 238) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.111535765 = score(doc=238,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.1593688 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.252511 = boost
               6.4650254 = idf(docFreq=187, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010943749 = queryNorm
             0.6998595 = fieldWeight in 238, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               6.4650254 = idf(docFreq=187, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=238)
         0.08634209 = weight(abstract_txt:space in 238) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08634209 = score(doc=238,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.1478842 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.5055065 = boost
               5.393369 = idf(docFreq=548, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010943749 = queryNorm
             0.5838493 = fieldWeight in 238, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               5.393369 = idf(docFreq=548, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=238)
         0.03151472 = weight(abstract_txt:terms in 238) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03151472 = score(doc=238,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.124696195 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.8177786 = boost
               4.043712 = idf(docFreq=2116, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010943749 = queryNorm
             0.252732 = fieldWeight in 238, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.043712 = idf(docFreq=2116, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=238)
         0.10507289 = weight(abstract_txt:term in 238) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.10507289 = score(doc=238,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.17531459 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.3410985 = boost
               4.794713 = idf(docFreq=998, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010943749 = queryNorm
             0.5993391 = fieldWeight in 238, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               4.794713 = idf(docFreq=998, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=238)
       0.44 = coord(11/25)
   

2. Huffman, G.D.; Vital, D.A.; Bivins, R.G.: Generating indices with lexical association methods : term uniqueness (1990) 0.16

   0.15565655 = sum of:
     0.15565655 = product of:
       0.6485689 = sum of:
         0.09644708 = weight(abstract_txt:centroid in 4220) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09644708 = score(doc=4220,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.11480917 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1038065 = boost
               9.504243 = idf(docFreq=8, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010943749 = queryNorm
             0.8400643 = fieldWeight in 4220, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               9.504243 = idf(docFreq=8, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4220)
         0.078176424 = weight(abstract_txt:signal in 4220) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.078176424 = score(doc=4220,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.15843618 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.8337783 = boost
               7.894805 = idf(docFreq=44, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010943749 = queryNorm
             0.4934253 = fieldWeight in 4220, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.894805 = idf(docFreq=44, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4220)
         0.03752818 = weight(abstract_txt:value in 4220) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03752818 = score(doc=4220,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.09713495 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.0305908 = boost
               4.3710623 = idf(docFreq=1525, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010943749 = queryNorm
             0.38635096 = fieldWeight in 4220, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.3710623 = idf(docFreq=1525, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4220)
         0.0833801 = weight(abstract_txt:terms in 4220) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0833801 = score(doc=4220,freq=7.0), product of:
             0.124696195 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.8177786 = boost
               4.043712 = idf(docFreq=2116, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010943749 = queryNorm
             0.668666 = fieldWeight in 4220, product of:
               2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                 7.0 = termFreq=7.0
               4.043712 = idf(docFreq=2116, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4220)
         0.052536447 = weight(abstract_txt:term in 4220) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.052536447 = score(doc=4220,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.17531459 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.3410985 = boost
               4.794713 = idf(docFreq=998, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010943749 = queryNorm
             0.29966956 = fieldWeight in 4220, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.794713 = idf(docFreq=998, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4220)
         0.3005007 = weight(abstract_txt:discrimination in 4220) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.3005007 = score(doc=4220,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.41879758 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.7140236 = boost
               8.117949 = idf(docFreq=35, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010943749 = queryNorm
             0.71753204 = fieldWeight in 4220, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               8.117949 = idf(docFreq=35, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4220)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)
   

3. Dominich, S.; Góth, J.; Kiezer, T.; Szlávik, Z.: ¬An entropy-based interpretation of retrieval status value-based retrieval, and its application to the computation of term and query discrimination value (2004) 0.16

   0.15521826 = sum of:
     0.15521826 = product of:
       0.64674276 = sum of:
         0.033498783 = weight(abstract_txt:measure in 3237) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.033498783 = score(doc=3237,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11268036 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.8940411 = boost
               5.4361663 = idf(docFreq=525, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010943749 = queryNorm
             0.29729035 = fieldWeight in 3237, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.4361663 = idf(docFreq=525, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3237)
         0.041068096 = weight(abstract_txt:similarity in 3237) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.041068096 = score(doc=3237,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12907197 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.0271282 = boost
               5.8181453 = idf(docFreq=358, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010943749 = queryNorm
             0.31817982 = fieldWeight in 3237, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.8181453 = idf(docFreq=358, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3237)
         0.03283716 = weight(abstract_txt:value in 3237) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03283716 = score(doc=3237,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.09713495 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.0305908 = boost
               4.3710623 = idf(docFreq=1525, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010943749 = queryNorm
             0.3380571 = fieldWeight in 3237, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.3710623 = idf(docFreq=1525, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3237)
         0.07554933 = weight(abstract_txt:space in 3237) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07554933 = score(doc=3237,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.1478842 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.5055065 = boost
               5.393369 = idf(docFreq=548, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010943749 = queryNorm
             0.51086813 = fieldWeight in 3237, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               5.393369 = idf(docFreq=548, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3237)
         0.091938786 = weight(abstract_txt:term in 3237) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.091938786 = score(doc=3237,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.17531459 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.3410985 = boost
               4.794713 = idf(docFreq=998, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010943749 = queryNorm
             0.52442175 = fieldWeight in 3237, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               4.794713 = idf(docFreq=998, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3237)
         0.3718506 = weight(abstract_txt:discrimination in 3237) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.3718506 = score(doc=3237,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.41879758 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.7140236 = boost
               8.117949 = idf(docFreq=35, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010943749 = queryNorm
             0.8879006 = fieldWeight in 3237, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               8.117949 = idf(docFreq=35, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=3237)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)
   

4. Dubin, D.: Dimensions and discriminability (1998) 0.15

   0.14691673 = sum of:
     0.14691673 = product of:
       0.7345836 = sum of:
         0.03774022 = weight(abstract_txt:document in 3338) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03774022 = score(doc=3338,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.07031002 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4961457 = boost
               4.29415 = idf(docFreq=1647, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010943749 = queryNorm
             0.53676873 = fieldWeight in 3338, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.29415 = idf(docFreq=1647, maxDocs=44421)
               0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=3338)
         0.09386993 = weight(abstract_txt:similarity in 3338) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09386993 = score(doc=3338,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12907197 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.0271282 = boost
               5.8181453 = idf(docFreq=358, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010943749 = queryNorm
             0.72726816 = fieldWeight in 3338, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.8181453 = idf(docFreq=358, maxDocs=44421)
               0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=3338)
         0.11497191 = weight(abstract_txt:visualization in 3338) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.11497191 = score(doc=3338,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14775497 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.168884 = boost
               6.225004 = idf(docFreq=238, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010943749 = queryNorm
             0.7781255 = fieldWeight in 3338, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.225004 = idf(docFreq=238, maxDocs=44421)
               0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=3338)
         0.06302944 = weight(abstract_txt:terms in 3338) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06302944 = score(doc=3338,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.124696195 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.8177786 = boost
               4.043712 = idf(docFreq=2116, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010943749 = queryNorm
             0.505464 = fieldWeight in 3338, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.043712 = idf(docFreq=2116, maxDocs=44421)
               0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=3338)
         0.42497215 = weight(abstract_txt:discrimination in 3338) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.42497215 = score(doc=3338,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.41879758 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.7140236 = boost
               8.117949 = idf(docFreq=35, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010943749 = queryNorm
             1.0147436 = fieldWeight in 3338, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.117949 = idf(docFreq=35, maxDocs=44421)
               0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=3338)
       0.2 = coord(5/25)
   

5. Zhang, J.; Korfhage, R.R.: DARE: Distance and Angle Retrieval Environment : A tale of the two measures (1999) 0.15

   0.14633809 = sum of:
     0.14633809 = product of:
       0.73169047 = sum of:
         0.19971547 = weight(abstract_txt:angle in 4916) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.19971547 = score(doc=4916,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.18651982 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9896749 = boost
               8.565973 = idf(docFreq=22, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010943749 = queryNorm
             1.0707467 = fieldWeight in 4916, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.565973 = idf(docFreq=22, maxDocs=44421)
               0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=4916)
         0.09386993 = weight(abstract_txt:similarity in 4916) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09386993 = score(doc=4916,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12907197 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.0271282 = boost
               5.8181453 = idf(docFreq=358, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010943749 = queryNorm
             0.72726816 = fieldWeight in 4916, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.8181453 = idf(docFreq=358, maxDocs=44421)
               0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=4916)
         0.11497191 = weight(abstract_txt:visualization in 4916) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.11497191 = score(doc=4916,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14775497 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.168884 = boost
               6.225004 = idf(docFreq=238, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010943749 = queryNorm
             0.7781255 = fieldWeight in 4916, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.225004 = idf(docFreq=238, maxDocs=44421)
               0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=4916)
         0.18213715 = weight(abstract_txt:distance in 4916) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.18213715 = score(doc=4916,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.1593688 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.252511 = boost
               6.4650254 = idf(docFreq=187, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010943749 = queryNorm
             1.1428658 = fieldWeight in 4916, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               6.4650254 = idf(docFreq=187, maxDocs=44421)
               0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=4916)
         0.14099605 = weight(abstract_txt:space in 4916) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.14099605 = score(doc=4916,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.1478842 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.5055065 = boost
               5.393369 = idf(docFreq=548, maxDocs=44421)
               0.010943749 = queryNorm
             0.95342195 = fieldWeight in 4916, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.393369 = idf(docFreq=548, maxDocs=44421)
               0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=4916)
       0.2 = coord(5/25)