Document (#30141)

Author

Newby, G.B.
Greenberg, J.
Jones, P.

Title

Open source software development and Lotka's law : bibliometric patterns in programming

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 54(2003) no.2, S.169-178

Year

2003

Abstract

Newby, Greenberg, and Jones analyze programming productivity of open source software by counting registered developers contributions found in the Linux Software Map and in Scourceforge. Using seven years of data from a subset of the Linux directory tree LSM data provided 4503 files with 3341 unique author names. The distribution follows Lotka's Law with an exponent of 2.82 as verified by the Kolmolgorov-Smirnov one sample goodness of fit test. Scourceforge data is broken into developers and administrators, but when both were used as authors the Lotka distribution exponent of 2.55 produces the lowest error. This would not be significant by the K-S test but the 3.54% maximum error would indicate a fit and calls into question the appropriateness of K-S for large populations of authors.

Theme

Informetrie

Similar documents (author)

1. Newby, G.B.: Navigation: a fundamental concept for information systems with implications for information retrieval (1991) 1.38

   1.3752158 = sum of:
     1.3752158 = product of:
       4.125647 = sum of:
         4.125647 = weight(author_txt:newby in 3686) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           4.125647 = score(doc=3686,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.71621454 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.32817 = boost
               9.216561 = idf(docFreq=11, maxDocs=44421)
               0.058508717 = queryNorm
             5.7603507 = fieldWeight in 3686, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.216561 = idf(docFreq=11, maxDocs=44421)
               0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=3686)
       0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
   

2. Newby, G.B.: ¬An investigation of the role of navigation for information retrieval (1992) 1.38

   1.3752158 = sum of:
     1.3752158 = product of:
       4.125647 = sum of:
         4.125647 = weight(author_txt:newby in 4503) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           4.125647 = score(doc=4503,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.71621454 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.32817 = boost
               9.216561 = idf(docFreq=11, maxDocs=44421)
               0.058508717 = queryNorm
             5.7603507 = fieldWeight in 4503, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.216561 = idf(docFreq=11, maxDocs=44421)
               0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=4503)
       0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
   

3. Newby, G.B.: Virtual reality (1993) 1.38

   1.3752158 = sum of:
     1.3752158 = product of:
       4.125647 = sum of:
         4.125647 = weight(author_txt:newby in 7237) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           4.125647 = score(doc=7237,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.71621454 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.32817 = boost
               9.216561 = idf(docFreq=11, maxDocs=44421)
               0.058508717 = queryNorm
             5.7603507 = fieldWeight in 7237, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.216561 = idf(docFreq=11, maxDocs=44421)
               0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=7237)
       0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
   

4. Newby, G.B.: ¬The maturation of norms for computer-mediated communication (1993) 1.38

   1.3752158 = sum of:
     1.3752158 = product of:
       4.125647 = sum of:
         4.125647 = weight(author_txt:newby in 238) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           4.125647 = score(doc=238,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.71621454 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.32817 = boost
               9.216561 = idf(docFreq=11, maxDocs=44421)
               0.058508717 = queryNorm
             5.7603507 = fieldWeight in 238, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.216561 = idf(docFreq=11, maxDocs=44421)
               0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=238)
       0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
   

5. Newby, G.B.: Virtual reality and the entertainment industry (1994) 1.38

   1.3752158 = sum of:
     1.3752158 = product of:
       4.125647 = sum of:
         4.125647 = weight(author_txt:newby in 270) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           4.125647 = score(doc=270,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.71621454 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.32817 = boost
               9.216561 = idf(docFreq=11, maxDocs=44421)
               0.058508717 = queryNorm
             5.7603507 = fieldWeight in 270, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.216561 = idf(docFreq=11, maxDocs=44421)
               0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=270)
       0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
   

Similar documents (content)

1. Kretschmer, H.; Rousseau, R.: Author inflation leads to a breakdown of Lotka's law : in and out of context (2001) 0.22

   0.21943048 = sum of:
     0.21943048 = product of:
       0.78368026 = sum of:
         0.08533925 = weight(abstract_txt:counting in 205) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08533925 = score(doc=205,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14359468 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.012688 = boost
               7.607123 = idf(docFreq=59, maxDocs=44421)
               0.018639842 = queryNorm
             0.59430647 = fieldWeight in 205, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.607123 = idf(docFreq=59, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=205)
         0.11832409 = weight(abstract_txt:lotka in 205) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.11832409 = score(doc=205,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.17854784 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1292336 = boost
               8.482592 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44421)
               0.018639842 = queryNorm
             0.66270244 = fieldWeight in 205, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.482592 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=205)
         0.06731584 = weight(abstract_txt:authors in 205) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06731584 = score(doc=205,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.107091144 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2367966 = boost
               4.6452923 = idf(docFreq=1159, maxDocs=44421)
               0.018639842 = queryNorm
             0.62858456 = fieldWeight in 205, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.6452923 = idf(docFreq=1159, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=205)
         0.0450685 = weight(abstract_txt:would in 205) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0450685 = score(doc=205,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11820374 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2993828 = boost
               4.88036 = idf(docFreq=916, maxDocs=44421)
               0.018639842 = queryNorm
             0.38127813 = fieldWeight in 205, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.88036 = idf(docFreq=916, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=205)
         0.021479774 = weight(abstract_txt:data in 205) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.021479774 = score(doc=205,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08255931 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3299955 = boost
               3.3302255 = idf(docFreq=4320, maxDocs=44421)
               0.018639842 = queryNorm
             0.26017386 = fieldWeight in 205, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.3302255 = idf(docFreq=4320, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=205)
         0.09612196 = weight(abstract_txt:distribution in 205) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09612196 = score(doc=205,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.15544887 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4900995 = boost
               5.5966744 = idf(docFreq=447, maxDocs=44421)
               0.018639842 = queryNorm
             0.618351 = fieldWeight in 205, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.5966744 = idf(docFreq=447, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=205)
         0.3500308 = weight(abstract_txt:lotka's in 205) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.3500308 = score(doc=205,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.3679397 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.2925026 = boost
               8.610425 = idf(docFreq=21, maxDocs=44421)
               0.018639842 = queryNorm
             0.95132655 = fieldWeight in 205, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               8.610425 = idf(docFreq=21, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=205)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)
   

2. Egghe, L.: ¬A model for the size-frequency function of coauthor pairs (2008) 0.15

   0.15473726 = sum of:
     0.15473726 = product of:
       0.9671079 = sum of:
         0.16733554 = weight(abstract_txt:lotka in 3366) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.16733554 = score(doc=3366,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.17854784 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1292336 = boost
               8.482592 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44421)
               0.018639842 = queryNorm
             0.9372028 = fieldWeight in 3366, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               8.482592 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3366)
         0.06731584 = weight(abstract_txt:authors in 3366) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06731584 = score(doc=3366,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.107091144 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2367966 = boost
               4.6452923 = idf(docFreq=1159, maxDocs=44421)
               0.018639842 = queryNorm
             0.62858456 = fieldWeight in 3366, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.6452923 = idf(docFreq=1159, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3366)
         0.3500308 = weight(abstract_txt:lotka's in 3366) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.3500308 = score(doc=3366,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.3679397 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.2925026 = boost
               8.610425 = idf(docFreq=21, maxDocs=44421)
               0.018639842 = queryNorm
             0.95132655 = fieldWeight in 3366, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               8.610425 = idf(docFreq=21, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3366)
         0.38242564 = weight(abstract_txt:exponent in 3366) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.38242564 = score(doc=3366,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.3903047 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.361149 = boost
               8.868255 = idf(docFreq=16, maxDocs=44421)
               0.018639842 = queryNorm
             0.979813 = fieldWeight in 3366, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               8.868255 = idf(docFreq=16, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=3366)
       0.16 = coord(4/25)
   

3. Egghe, L.: Type/Token-Taken informetrics (2003) 0.15

   0.14762372 = sum of:
     0.14762372 = product of:
       0.61509883 = sum of:
         0.031091854 = weight(abstract_txt:authors in 2608) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.031091854 = score(doc=2608,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.107091144 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2367966 = boost
               4.6452923 = idf(docFreq=1159, maxDocs=44421)
               0.018639842 = queryNorm
             0.29033077 = fieldWeight in 2608, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.6452923 = idf(docFreq=1159, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2608)
         0.034712546 = weight(abstract_txt:open in 2608) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.034712546 = score(doc=2608,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.11525155 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2830539 = boost
               4.8190303 = idf(docFreq=974, maxDocs=44421)
               0.018639842 = queryNorm
             0.3011894 = fieldWeight in 2608, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.8190303 = idf(docFreq=974, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2608)
         0.05805693 = weight(abstract_txt:source in 2608) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.05805693 = score(doc=2608,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.1288888 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3568414 = boost
               5.0961695 = idf(docFreq=738, maxDocs=44421)
               0.018639842 = queryNorm
             0.450442 = fieldWeight in 2608, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.0961695 = idf(docFreq=738, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2608)
         0.07689757 = weight(abstract_txt:distribution in 2608) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07689757 = score(doc=2608,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.15544887 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4900995 = boost
               5.5966744 = idf(docFreq=447, maxDocs=44421)
               0.018639842 = queryNorm
             0.4946808 = fieldWeight in 2608, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.5966744 = idf(docFreq=447, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2608)
         0.19800733 = weight(abstract_txt:lotka's in 2608) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.19800733 = score(doc=2608,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.3679397 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.2925026 = boost
               8.610425 = idf(docFreq=21, maxDocs=44421)
               0.018639842 = queryNorm
             0.53815156 = fieldWeight in 2608, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.610425 = idf(docFreq=21, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2608)
         0.2163326 = weight(abstract_txt:exponent in 2608) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.2163326 = score(doc=2608,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.3903047 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.361149 = boost
               8.868255 = idf(docFreq=16, maxDocs=44421)
               0.018639842 = queryNorm
             0.5542659 = fieldWeight in 2608, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.868255 = idf(docFreq=16, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2608)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)
   

4. Smolinsky, L.J.: Discrete power law with exponential cutoff and Lotka's law (2017) 0.13

   0.12921655 = sum of:
     0.12921655 = product of:
       0.8076035 = sum of:
         0.042527787 = weight(abstract_txt:data in 4699) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.042527787 = score(doc=4699,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.08255931 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3299955 = boost
               3.3302255 = idf(docFreq=4320, maxDocs=44421)
               0.018639842 = queryNorm
             0.515118 = fieldWeight in 4699, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.3302255 = idf(docFreq=4320, maxDocs=44421)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=4699)
         0.06974198 = weight(abstract_txt:test in 4699) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06974198 = score(doc=4699,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12636495 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3434912 = boost
               5.046027 = idf(docFreq=776, maxDocs=44421)
               0.018639842 = queryNorm
             0.5519092 = fieldWeight in 4699, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.046027 = idf(docFreq=776, maxDocs=44421)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=4699)
         0.09515589 = weight(abstract_txt:distribution in 4699) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09515589 = score(doc=4699,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.15544887 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4900995 = boost
               5.5966744 = idf(docFreq=447, maxDocs=44421)
               0.018639842 = queryNorm
             0.61213624 = fieldWeight in 4699, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.5966744 = idf(docFreq=447, maxDocs=44421)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=4699)
         0.6001778 = weight(abstract_txt:lotka's in 4699) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.6001778 = score(doc=4699,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.3679397 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.2925026 = boost
               8.610425 = idf(docFreq=21, maxDocs=44421)
               0.018639842 = queryNorm
             1.6311852 = fieldWeight in 4699, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               8.610425 = idf(docFreq=21, maxDocs=44421)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=4699)
       0.16 = coord(4/25)
   

5. Arsenault, C.: Aggregation consistency and frequency of Chinese words and characters (2006) 0.11

   0.11496752 = sum of:
     0.11496752 = product of:
       0.57483757 = sum of:
         0.09465928 = weight(abstract_txt:lotka in 734) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09465928 = score(doc=734,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.17854784 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1292336 = boost
               8.482592 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44421)
               0.018639842 = queryNorm
             0.530162 = fieldWeight in 734, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.482592 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=734)
         0.05155146 = weight(abstract_txt:data in 734) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.05155146 = score(doc=734,freq=9.0), product of:
             0.08255931 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3299955 = boost
               3.3302255 = idf(docFreq=4320, maxDocs=44421)
               0.018639842 = queryNorm
             0.6244173 = fieldWeight in 734, product of:
               3.0 = tf(freq=9.0), with freq of:
                 9.0 = termFreq=9.0
               3.3302255 = idf(docFreq=4320, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=734)
         0.03985256 = weight(abstract_txt:test in 734) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03985256 = score(doc=734,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12636495 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3434912 = boost
               5.046027 = idf(docFreq=776, maxDocs=44421)
               0.018639842 = queryNorm
             0.3153767 = fieldWeight in 734, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.046027 = idf(docFreq=776, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=734)
         0.10874959 = weight(abstract_txt:distribution in 734) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.10874959 = score(doc=734,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.15544887 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4900995 = boost
               5.5966744 = idf(docFreq=447, maxDocs=44421)
               0.018639842 = queryNorm
             0.6995843 = fieldWeight in 734, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               5.5966744 = idf(docFreq=447, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=734)
         0.28002465 = weight(abstract_txt:lotka's in 734) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.28002465 = score(doc=734,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.3679397 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.2925026 = boost
               8.610425 = idf(docFreq=21, maxDocs=44421)
               0.018639842 = queryNorm
             0.76106125 = fieldWeight in 734, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               8.610425 = idf(docFreq=21, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=734)
       0.2 = coord(5/25)