Document (#29341)

Author
Pomerantz, J.
Title
¬A conceptual framework and open research questions for chat-based reference service
Source
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 56(2005) no.12, S.1288-1302
Year
2005
Abstract
This article seeks to shift the literature an chat-based reference services beyond the current spate of case studies and discussions of emerging standards and best practices in providing chat-based reference, to a higher level of discussion an the creation and discussion of theoretical frameworks to unite these standards and practices. The article explores the varlous steps in the process of providing synchronous, chat-based reference, as well as issues involved in providing such service at each step. The purpose of this exploration is twofold: First, this article presents some open research questions at each step in the process of providing chatbased reference service. Second, the entire process of providing chat-based reference is viewed as a whole, and a model of the provision of chat-based reference service is developed at a high level of abstraction. lt is hoped that this model may serve as a conceptual framework for future discussions of and development of applications for chat-based reference.
Theme
Informationsdienstleistungen
Internet

Similar documents (author)

  1. Pomerantz, J.: ¬A linguistic analysis of question taxonomies (2005) 6.01
    6.0137663 = sum of:
      6.0137663 = weight(author_txt:pomerantz in 4465) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        6.0137663 = fieldWeight in 4465, product of:
          1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
            1.0 = termFreq=1.0
          9.622026 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44421)
          0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=4465)
    
  2. Pomerantz, J.: Metadata (2015) 6.01
    6.0137663 = sum of:
      6.0137663 = weight(author_txt:pomerantz in 4800) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        6.0137663 = fieldWeight in 4800, product of:
          1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
            1.0 = termFreq=1.0
          9.622026 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44421)
          0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=4800)
    
  3. Peek, R.P.; Pomerantz, J.P.: Electronic scholarly journal publishing (1999) 4.81
    4.811013 = sum of:
      4.811013 = weight(author_txt:pomerantz in 5692) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        4.811013 = fieldWeight in 5692, product of:
          1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
            1.0 = termFreq=1.0
          9.622026 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44421)
          0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=5692)
    
  4. Pomerantz, J.; Marchionini, G.: ¬The digital library as place (2007) 4.81
    4.811013 = sum of:
      4.811013 = weight(author_txt:pomerantz in 1836) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        4.811013 = fieldWeight in 1836, product of:
          1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
            1.0 = termFreq=1.0
          9.622026 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44421)
          0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=1836)
    
  5. Peek, R.; Pomerantz, J.; Paling, S.: ¬The traditional scholarly journal publishers legitimize the Web (1998) 3.61
    3.60826 = sum of:
      3.60826 = weight(author_txt:pomerantz in 3019) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        3.60826 = fieldWeight in 3019, product of:
          1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
            1.0 = termFreq=1.0
          9.622026 = idf(docFreq=7, maxDocs=44421)
          0.375 = fieldNorm(doc=3019)
    

Similar documents (content)

  1. Bishop, B.W.: Location-based questions and local knowledge (2011) 0.33
    0.32789314 = sum of:
      0.32789314 = product of:
        0.9108142 = sum of:
          0.012845057 = weight(abstract_txt:this in 633) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.012845057 = score(doc=633,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.042705916 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2914228 = boost
                2.4062347 = idf(docFreq=10885, maxDocs=44421)
                0.013743002 = queryNorm
              0.30077934 = fieldWeight in 633, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                2.4062347 = idf(docFreq=10885, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=633)
          0.08483996 = weight(abstract_txt:questions in 633) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.08483996 = score(doc=633,freq=10.0), product of:
              0.0879173 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3102272 = boost
                4.8825436 = idf(docFreq=914, maxDocs=44421)
                0.013743002 = queryNorm
              0.9649974 = fieldWeight in 633, product of:
                3.1622777 = tf(freq=10.0), with freq of:
                  10.0 = termFreq=10.0
                4.8825436 = idf(docFreq=914, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=633)
          0.018961875 = weight(abstract_txt:article in 633) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.018961875 = score(doc=633,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.07985313 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.5293294 = boost
                3.79935 = idf(docFreq=2702, maxDocs=44421)
                0.013743002 = queryNorm
              0.23745938 = fieldWeight in 633, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.79935 = idf(docFreq=2702, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=633)
          0.022949416 = weight(abstract_txt:process in 633) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.022949416 = score(doc=633,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.0906885 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.6297883 = boost
                4.048922 = idf(docFreq=2105, maxDocs=44421)
                0.013743002 = queryNorm
              0.25305763 = fieldWeight in 633, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.048922 = idf(docFreq=2105, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=633)
          0.062509604 = weight(abstract_txt:service in 633) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.062509604 = score(doc=633,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.15451543 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.4564638 = boost
                4.576989 = idf(docFreq=1241, maxDocs=44421)
                0.013743002 = queryNorm
              0.4045525 = fieldWeight in 633, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                4.576989 = idf(docFreq=1241, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=633)
          0.07805345 = weight(abstract_txt:based in 633) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.07805345 = score(doc=633,freq=9.0), product of:
              0.13078079 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.9896162 = boost
                3.1830752 = idf(docFreq=5005, maxDocs=44421)
                0.013743002 = queryNorm
              0.5968266 = fieldWeight in 633, product of:
                3.0 = tf(freq=9.0), with freq of:
                  9.0 = termFreq=9.0
                3.1830752 = idf(docFreq=5005, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=633)
          0.06873971 = weight(abstract_txt:providing in 633) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.06873971 = score(doc=633,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.22342195 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.3024964 = boost
                4.922683 = idf(docFreq=878, maxDocs=44421)
                0.013743002 = queryNorm
              0.30766767 = fieldWeight in 633, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.922683 = idf(docFreq=878, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=633)
          0.18353082 = weight(abstract_txt:reference in 633) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.18353082 = score(doc=633,freq=5.0), product of:
              0.29411015 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.7928567 = boost
                4.4651284 = idf(docFreq=1388, maxDocs=44421)
                0.013743002 = queryNorm
              0.6240207 = fieldWeight in 633, product of:
                2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                  5.0 = termFreq=5.0
                4.4651284 = idf(docFreq=1388, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=633)
          0.37838435 = weight(abstract_txt:chat in 633) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.37838435 = score(doc=633,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.77920574 = queryWeight, product of:
                7.297423 = boost
                7.769642 = idf(docFreq=50, maxDocs=44421)
                0.013743002 = queryNorm
              0.48560262 = fieldWeight in 633, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                7.769642 = idf(docFreq=50, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=633)
        0.36 = coord(9/25)
    
  2. Allen, D.; Karanasios, S.; Slavova, M.: Working with activity theory : context, technology, and information behavior (2011) 0.22
    0.22390571 = sum of:
      0.22390571 = product of:
        1.1195285 = sum of:
          0.021633346 = weight(abstract_txt:framework in 374) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.021633346 = score(doc=374,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.076165184 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2195165 = boost
                4.5445113 = idf(docFreq=1282, maxDocs=44421)
                0.013743002 = queryNorm
              0.28403196 = fieldWeight in 374, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.5445113 = idf(docFreq=1282, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=374)
          0.009082827 = weight(abstract_txt:this in 374) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.009082827 = score(doc=374,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.042705916 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2914228 = boost
                2.4062347 = idf(docFreq=10885, maxDocs=44421)
                0.013743002 = queryNorm
              0.21268311 = fieldWeight in 374, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                2.4062347 = idf(docFreq=10885, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=374)
          0.018961875 = weight(abstract_txt:article in 374) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.018961875 = score(doc=374,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.07985313 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.5293294 = boost
                3.79935 = idf(docFreq=2702, maxDocs=44421)
                0.013743002 = queryNorm
              0.23745938 = fieldWeight in 374, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.79935 = idf(docFreq=2702, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=374)
          0.06873971 = weight(abstract_txt:providing in 374) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.06873971 = score(doc=374,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.22342195 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.3024964 = boost
                4.922683 = idf(docFreq=878, maxDocs=44421)
                0.013743002 = queryNorm
              0.30766767 = fieldWeight in 374, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.922683 = idf(docFreq=878, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=374)
          1.0011108 = weight(abstract_txt:chat in 374) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            1.0011108 = score(doc=374,freq=7.0), product of:
              0.77920574 = queryWeight, product of:
                7.297423 = boost
                7.769642 = idf(docFreq=50, maxDocs=44421)
                0.013743002 = queryNorm
              1.2847837 = fieldWeight in 374, product of:
                2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                  7.0 = termFreq=7.0
                7.769642 = idf(docFreq=50, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=374)
        0.2 = coord(5/25)
    
  3. Koshik, I.; Okazawa, H.: ¬A conversation analytic study of actual and potential problems in communication in library chat reference interactions (2012) 0.21
    0.20858572 = sum of:
      0.20858572 = product of:
        1.0429286 = sum of:
          0.021633346 = weight(abstract_txt:framework in 1456) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.021633346 = score(doc=1456,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.076165184 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2195165 = boost
                4.5445113 = idf(docFreq=1282, maxDocs=44421)
                0.013743002 = queryNorm
              0.28403196 = fieldWeight in 1456, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.5445113 = idf(docFreq=1282, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1456)
          0.044200964 = weight(abstract_txt:service in 1456) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.044200964 = score(doc=1456,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.15451543 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.4564638 = boost
                4.576989 = idf(docFreq=1241, maxDocs=44421)
                0.013743002 = queryNorm
              0.28606182 = fieldWeight in 1456, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.576989 = idf(docFreq=1241, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1456)
          0.03679475 = weight(abstract_txt:based in 1456) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.03679475 = score(doc=1456,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.13078079 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.9896162 = boost
                3.1830752 = idf(docFreq=5005, maxDocs=44421)
                0.013743002 = queryNorm
              0.28134674 = fieldWeight in 1456, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                3.1830752 = idf(docFreq=5005, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1456)
          0.18353082 = weight(abstract_txt:reference in 1456) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.18353082 = score(doc=1456,freq=5.0), product of:
              0.29411015 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.7928567 = boost
                4.4651284 = idf(docFreq=1388, maxDocs=44421)
                0.013743002 = queryNorm
              0.6240207 = fieldWeight in 1456, product of:
                2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                  5.0 = termFreq=5.0
                4.4651284 = idf(docFreq=1388, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1456)
          0.7567687 = weight(abstract_txt:chat in 1456) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.7567687 = score(doc=1456,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.77920574 = queryWeight, product of:
                7.297423 = boost
                7.769642 = idf(docFreq=50, maxDocs=44421)
                0.013743002 = queryNorm
              0.97120523 = fieldWeight in 1456, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                7.769642 = idf(docFreq=50, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1456)
        0.2 = coord(5/25)
    
  4. Kenney, A.R.; McGovern, N.Y.; Martinez, I.T.; Heidig, L.J.: Google meets eBay : what academic librarians can learn from alternative information providers (2003) 0.20
    0.20450832 = sum of:
      0.20450832 = product of:
        0.6390885 = sum of:
          0.008343109 = weight(abstract_txt:this in 2200) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.008343109 = score(doc=2200,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.042705916 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2914228 = boost
                2.4062347 = idf(docFreq=10885, maxDocs=44421)
                0.013743002 = queryNorm
              0.19536191 = fieldWeight in 2200, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                2.4062347 = idf(docFreq=10885, maxDocs=44421)
                0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2200)
          0.020121565 = weight(abstract_txt:questions in 2200) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.020121565 = score(doc=2200,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.0879173 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3102272 = boost
                4.8825436 = idf(docFreq=914, maxDocs=44421)
                0.013743002 = queryNorm
              0.22886923 = fieldWeight in 2200, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.8825436 = idf(docFreq=914, maxDocs=44421)
                0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2200)
          0.014221407 = weight(abstract_txt:article in 2200) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.014221407 = score(doc=2200,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.07985313 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.5293294 = boost
                3.79935 = idf(docFreq=2702, maxDocs=44421)
                0.013743002 = queryNorm
              0.17809454 = fieldWeight in 2200, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.79935 = idf(docFreq=2702, maxDocs=44421)
                0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2200)
          0.0468822 = weight(abstract_txt:service in 2200) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.0468822 = score(doc=2200,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.15451543 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.4564638 = boost
                4.576989 = idf(docFreq=1241, maxDocs=44421)
                0.013743002 = queryNorm
              0.30341437 = fieldWeight in 2200, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                4.576989 = idf(docFreq=1241, maxDocs=44421)
                0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2200)
          0.019513363 = weight(abstract_txt:based in 2200) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.019513363 = score(doc=2200,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.13078079 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.9896162 = boost
                3.1830752 = idf(docFreq=5005, maxDocs=44421)
                0.013743002 = queryNorm
              0.14920665 = fieldWeight in 2200, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.1830752 = idf(docFreq=5005, maxDocs=44421)
                0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2200)
          0.051554784 = weight(abstract_txt:providing in 2200) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.051554784 = score(doc=2200,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.22342195 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.3024964 = boost
                4.922683 = idf(docFreq=878, maxDocs=44421)
                0.013743002 = queryNorm
              0.23075075 = fieldWeight in 2200, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.922683 = idf(docFreq=878, maxDocs=44421)
                0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2200)
          0.19466382 = weight(abstract_txt:reference in 2200) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.19466382 = score(doc=2200,freq=10.0), product of:
              0.29411015 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.7928567 = boost
                4.4651284 = idf(docFreq=1388, maxDocs=44421)
                0.013743002 = queryNorm
              0.6618739 = fieldWeight in 2200, product of:
                3.1622777 = tf(freq=10.0), with freq of:
                  10.0 = termFreq=10.0
                4.4651284 = idf(docFreq=1388, maxDocs=44421)
                0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2200)
          0.28378826 = weight(abstract_txt:chat in 2200) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.28378826 = score(doc=2200,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.77920574 = queryWeight, product of:
                7.297423 = boost
                7.769642 = idf(docFreq=50, maxDocs=44421)
                0.013743002 = queryNorm
              0.36420196 = fieldWeight in 2200, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                7.769642 = idf(docFreq=50, maxDocs=44421)
                0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2200)
        0.32 = coord(8/25)
    
  5. Radford, M.L.: Encountering virtual users : a qualitative investigation of interpersonal communication in chat reference (2006) 0.20
    0.20436989 = sum of:
      0.20436989 = product of:
        1.0218494 = sum of:
          0.08037974 = weight(abstract_txt:synchronous in 110) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.08037974 = score(doc=110,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.14502017 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.189895 = boost
                8.868255 = idf(docFreq=16, maxDocs=44421)
                0.013743002 = queryNorm
              0.5542659 = fieldWeight in 110, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                8.868255 = idf(docFreq=16, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=110)
          0.0064225285 = weight(abstract_txt:this in 110) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.0064225285 = score(doc=110,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.042705916 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2914228 = boost
                2.4062347 = idf(docFreq=10885, maxDocs=44421)
                0.013743002 = queryNorm
              0.15038967 = fieldWeight in 110, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                2.4062347 = idf(docFreq=10885, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=110)
          0.062509604 = weight(abstract_txt:service in 110) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.062509604 = score(doc=110,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.15451543 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.4564638 = boost
                4.576989 = idf(docFreq=1241, maxDocs=44421)
                0.013743002 = queryNorm
              0.4045525 = fieldWeight in 110, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                4.576989 = idf(docFreq=1241, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=110)
          0.21715657 = weight(abstract_txt:reference in 110) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.21715657 = score(doc=110,freq=7.0), product of:
              0.29411015 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.7928567 = boost
                4.4651284 = idf(docFreq=1388, maxDocs=44421)
                0.013743002 = queryNorm
              0.73835117 = fieldWeight in 110, product of:
                2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                  7.0 = termFreq=7.0
                4.4651284 = idf(docFreq=1388, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=110)
          0.6553809 = weight(abstract_txt:chat in 110) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.6553809 = score(doc=110,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.77920574 = queryWeight, product of:
                7.297423 = boost
                7.769642 = idf(docFreq=50, maxDocs=44421)
                0.013743002 = queryNorm
              0.8410884 = fieldWeight in 110, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                7.769642 = idf(docFreq=50, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=110)
        0.2 = coord(5/25)