Document (#29255)

Author

Speel, P.-H.
Schreiber, G.
Van Joolingen, W.
Van Heijst, G.
Beijer, G.

Title

Conceptual modeling for knowledge-based systems

Source

Encyclopedia of library and information science. Vol.71, [=Suppl.34]

Imprint

New York : Dekker

Year

2002

Pages

S.16-42

Abstract

In this article, we presented knowledge-based system (KBS) development as a specific way of software engineering. What makes conceptual modeling for KBSs unique? STRENGTHS Knowledge-based system development is a very complex process. The approach in this article to clearly separate conceptual modeling from software implementation, which makes the process of KBS development feasible and manageable in a business environment. In addition, the knowledge model resulting from conceptual modeling is a deliverable in itself. For example, in knowledge management, knowledge mapping is a popular area in which graphical, high-level, business-focused knowledge models are delivered. Another strength is the ease of maintenance. Separating models and program code makes the process of updating more flexible. Last but not least, methodological approaches to KBS development have been matured, which provide a professional basis. Knowledge engineers start working in a similar way, and as a result exchange of work is possible and project planning is better manageable. WEAKNESSES The separation of conceptual modeling and KBS software implementation will take more time initially. However, reuse of models and code may speed up the separate processes considerably. In addition, the separate phases need different expertise; knowledge engineers with specific analytical skills should be assigned to conceptual modeling, whereas software engineers with specific programming skills should be assigned to software implementation. Finally, the various methodological approaches lack mature support tools. OPPORTUNITIES Reuse of various knowledge models as well as program code may bring several advantages, in improved quality of the KBSs as well as in speed to market. Separate development of conceptual vocabularies (also called dictionaries or ontologies), corporate memories, and generic domain models in an explicit form may form the basis of effective management of business-critical knowledge domains, which leads to sustainable competitive advantage.

Similar documents (author)

1. Schreiber, K.: Bestandsaufbau, Bestandspflege, Bestandserschließung eines Informationsapparates (1978) 5.04

   5.039926 = sum of:
     5.039926 = weight(author_txt:schreiber in 5765) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.039926 = fieldWeight in 5765, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         8.063882 = idf(docFreq=37, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=5765)
   

2. Schreiber, K.: Hat die 'Literaturerschließung' in Universitäts- und Hochschulbibliotheken Zukunft? : zehn Jahre DFG-Programm 'Literaturerschließung'. Kritik und Vorschläge (1971) 5.04

   5.039926 = sum of:
     5.039926 = weight(author_txt:schreiber in 7359) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.039926 = fieldWeight in 7359, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         8.063882 = idf(docFreq=37, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=7359)
   

3. Schreiber, K.: Fünf Jahre Informationsmittel für Bibliotheken (IfB) : Rückblick, gegenwärtiger Stand und Zukunftsperspektiven, Bericht über eine Veranstaltung auf dem 88. Deutschen Bibliothekartag 1998, frankfurt am Main (1998) 5.04

   5.039926 = sum of:
     5.039926 = weight(author_txt:schreiber in 1) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.039926 = fieldWeight in 1, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         8.063882 = idf(docFreq=37, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=1)
   

4. Schreiber, K.: Informationsmittel für Bibliotheken : ein neuer Informationsdienst von Bibliothekaren für Bibliothekare (1993) 5.04

   5.039926 = sum of:
     5.039926 = weight(author_txt:schreiber in 1373) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.039926 = fieldWeight in 1373, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         8.063882 = idf(docFreq=37, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=1373)
   

5. Schreiber, K.: ¬(Ca.) 100 Jahre Comics : eine Komplexrezension neuerer Informationsmittel über die Neunte Kunst (1997) 5.04

   5.039926 = sum of:
     5.039926 = weight(author_txt:schreiber in 433) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
       5.039926 = fieldWeight in 433, product of:
         1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
           1.0 = termFreq=1.0
         8.063882 = idf(docFreq=37, maxDocs=44421)
         0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=433)
   

Similar documents (content)

1. Eito Brun, R.: Software development and reuse as a knowledge management practice (2003) 0.47

   0.46952903 = sum of:
     0.46952903 = product of:
       0.97818553 = sum of:
         0.024365943 = weight(abstract_txt:basis in 3712) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.024365943 = score(doc=3712,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08326375 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.682171 = idf(docFreq=1117, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01778315 = queryNorm
             0.29263568 = fieldWeight in 3712, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.682171 = idf(docFreq=1117, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3712)
         0.016240088 = weight(abstract_txt:based in 3712) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.016240088 = score(doc=3712,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.05772268 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0197434 = boost
               3.1830752 = idf(docFreq=5005, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01778315 = queryNorm
             0.28134674 = fieldWeight in 3712, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.1830752 = idf(docFreq=5005, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3712)
         0.03342458 = weight(abstract_txt:process in 3712) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03342458 = score(doc=3712,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.0933967 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2971298 = boost
               4.048922 = idf(docFreq=2105, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01778315 = queryNorm
             0.35787752 = fieldWeight in 3712, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.048922 = idf(docFreq=2105, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3712)
         0.028423524 = weight(abstract_txt:specific in 3712) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.028423524 = score(doc=3712,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10562081 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3794069 = boost
               4.305746 = idf(docFreq=1628, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01778315 = queryNorm
             0.26910913 = fieldWeight in 3712, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.305746 = idf(docFreq=1628, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3712)
         0.07263651 = weight(abstract_txt:reuse in 3712) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07263651 = score(doc=3712,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.17246611 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4392091 = boost
               6.738623 = idf(docFreq=142, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01778315 = queryNorm
             0.42116395 = fieldWeight in 3712, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.738623 = idf(docFreq=142, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3712)
         0.053704694 = weight(abstract_txt:business in 3712) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.053704694 = score(doc=3712,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.16142559 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.7053119 = boost
               5.3230414 = idf(docFreq=588, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01778315 = queryNorm
             0.3326901 = fieldWeight in 3712, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.3230414 = idf(docFreq=588, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3712)
         0.20196693 = weight(abstract_txt:code in 3712) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.20196693 = score(doc=3712,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.21483283 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9672883 = boost
               6.140786 = idf(docFreq=259, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01778315 = queryNorm
             0.94011205 = fieldWeight in 3712, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               6.140786 = idf(docFreq=259, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3712)
         0.08266614 = weight(abstract_txt:development in 3712) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08266614 = score(doc=3712,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.14041553 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.0532868 = boost
               3.8455355 = idf(docFreq=2580, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01778315 = queryNorm
             0.58872503 = fieldWeight in 3712, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               3.8455355 = idf(docFreq=2580, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3712)
         0.10983493 = weight(abstract_txt:software in 3712) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.10983493 = score(doc=3712,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.1803367 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.326934 = boost
               4.3580413 = idf(docFreq=1545, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01778315 = queryNorm
             0.6090548 = fieldWeight in 3712, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               4.3580413 = idf(docFreq=1545, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3712)
         0.058639284 = weight(abstract_txt:models in 3712) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.058639284 = score(doc=3712,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.20294246 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.4684737 = boost
               4.623126 = idf(docFreq=1185, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01778315 = queryNorm
             0.28894538 = fieldWeight in 3712, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.623126 = idf(docFreq=1185, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3712)
         0.15364331 = weight(abstract_txt:modeling in 3712) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.15364331 = score(doc=3712,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.40987363 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.8428874 = boost
               5.997685 = idf(docFreq=299, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01778315 = queryNorm
             0.3748553 = fieldWeight in 3712, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.997685 = idf(docFreq=299, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3712)
         0.14263964 = weight(abstract_txt:knowledge in 3712) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.14263964 = score(doc=3712,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.2627228 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.165837 = boost
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01778315 = queryNorm
             0.5429283 = fieldWeight in 3712, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3712)
       0.48 = coord(12/25)
   

2. Favato Barcelos, P.P.; Sales, T.P.; Fumagalli, M.; Guizzardi, G.; Valle Sousa, I.; Fonseca, C.M.; Romanenko, E.; Kritz, J.: ¬A FAIR model catalog for ontology-driven conceptual modeling research (2022) 0.23

   0.2276771 = sum of:
     0.2276771 = product of:
       0.8131325 = sum of:
         0.011744807 = weight(abstract_txt:which in 1757) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.011744807 = score(doc=1757,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.06449228 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2446318 = boost
               2.9137893 = idf(docFreq=6552, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01778315 = queryNorm
             0.18211183 = fieldWeight in 1757, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               2.9137893 = idf(docFreq=6552, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1757)
         0.028423524 = weight(abstract_txt:specific in 1757) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.028423524 = score(doc=1757,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10562081 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3794069 = boost
               4.305746 = idf(docFreq=1628, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01778315 = queryNorm
             0.26910913 = fieldWeight in 1757, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.305746 = idf(docFreq=1628, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1757)
         0.07263651 = weight(abstract_txt:reuse in 1757) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07263651 = score(doc=1757,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.17246611 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4392091 = boost
               6.738623 = idf(docFreq=142, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01778315 = queryNorm
             0.42116395 = fieldWeight in 1757, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.738623 = idf(docFreq=142, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1757)
         0.11727857 = weight(abstract_txt:models in 1757) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.11727857 = score(doc=1757,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.20294246 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.4684737 = boost
               4.623126 = idf(docFreq=1185, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01778315 = queryNorm
             0.57789075 = fieldWeight in 1757, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               4.623126 = idf(docFreq=1185, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1757)
         0.19340953 = weight(abstract_txt:conceptual in 1757) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.19340953 = score(doc=1757,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.31689963 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.6497817 = boost
               4.8825436 = idf(docFreq=914, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01778315 = queryNorm
             0.61031795 = fieldWeight in 1757, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               4.8825436 = idf(docFreq=914, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1757)
         0.30728662 = weight(abstract_txt:modeling in 1757) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.30728662 = score(doc=1757,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.40987363 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.8428874 = boost
               5.997685 = idf(docFreq=299, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01778315 = queryNorm
             0.7497106 = fieldWeight in 1757, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               5.997685 = idf(docFreq=299, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1757)
         0.082353026 = weight(abstract_txt:knowledge in 1757) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.082353026 = score(doc=1757,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.2627228 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.165837 = boost
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01778315 = queryNorm
             0.31345978 = fieldWeight in 1757, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1757)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)
   

3. Strohmaier, M.; Lindstaedt, S.N.: Knowledge infrastructures for the support of knowledge intensive business processes (2005) 0.21

   0.20932977 = sum of:
     0.20932977 = product of:
       0.74760634 = sum of:
         0.014681009 = weight(abstract_txt:which in 16) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.014681009 = score(doc=16,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.06449228 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2446318 = boost
               2.9137893 = idf(docFreq=6552, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01778315 = queryNorm
             0.2276398 = fieldWeight in 16, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               2.9137893 = idf(docFreq=6552, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=16)
         0.06606113 = weight(abstract_txt:process in 16) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06606113 = score(doc=16,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.0933967 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2971298 = boost
               4.048922 = idf(docFreq=2105, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01778315 = queryNorm
             0.7073176 = fieldWeight in 16, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               4.048922 = idf(docFreq=2105, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=16)
         0.16443639 = weight(abstract_txt:business in 16) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.16443639 = score(doc=16,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.16142559 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.7053119 = boost
               5.3230414 = idf(docFreq=588, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01778315 = queryNorm
             1.0186512 = fieldWeight in 16, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               5.3230414 = idf(docFreq=588, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=16)
         0.07560273 = weight(abstract_txt:makes in 16) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07560273 = score(doc=16,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.17473607 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.774226 = boost
               5.5381527 = idf(docFreq=474, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01778315 = queryNorm
             0.43266818 = fieldWeight in 16, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.5381527 = idf(docFreq=474, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=16)
         0.042185385 = weight(abstract_txt:development in 16) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.042185385 = score(doc=16,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.14041553 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.0532868 = boost
               3.8455355 = idf(docFreq=2580, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01778315 = queryNorm
             0.30043247 = fieldWeight in 16, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.8455355 = idf(docFreq=2580, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=16)
         0.19205414 = weight(abstract_txt:modeling in 16) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.19205414 = score(doc=16,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.40987363 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.8428874 = boost
               5.997685 = idf(docFreq=299, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01778315 = queryNorm
             0.46856913 = fieldWeight in 16, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.997685 = idf(docFreq=299, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=16)
         0.19258551 = weight(abstract_txt:knowledge in 16) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.19258551 = score(doc=16,freq=7.0), product of:
             0.2627228 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.165837 = boost
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01778315 = queryNorm
             0.73303694 = fieldWeight in 16, product of:
               2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                 7.0 = termFreq=7.0
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=16)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)
   

4. Eito Brun, R.: Retrieval effectiveness in software repositories : from faceted classifications to software visualization techniques (2006) 0.21

   0.20805934 = sum of:
     0.20805934 = product of:
       0.5779426 = sum of:
         0.024365943 = weight(abstract_txt:basis in 3515) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.024365943 = score(doc=3515,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08326375 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.682171 = idf(docFreq=1117, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01778315 = queryNorm
             0.29263568 = fieldWeight in 3515, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.682171 = idf(docFreq=1117, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3515)
         0.011483477 = weight(abstract_txt:based in 3515) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.011483477 = score(doc=3515,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.05772268 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0197434 = boost
               3.1830752 = idf(docFreq=5005, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01778315 = queryNorm
             0.1989422 = fieldWeight in 3515, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.1830752 = idf(docFreq=5005, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3515)
         0.03342458 = weight(abstract_txt:process in 3515) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03342458 = score(doc=3515,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.0933967 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2971298 = boost
               4.048922 = idf(docFreq=2105, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01778315 = queryNorm
             0.35787752 = fieldWeight in 3515, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.048922 = idf(docFreq=2105, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3515)
         0.07263651 = weight(abstract_txt:reuse in 3515) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07263651 = score(doc=3515,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.17246611 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4392091 = boost
               6.738623 = idf(docFreq=142, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01778315 = queryNorm
             0.42116395 = fieldWeight in 3515, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.738623 = idf(docFreq=142, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3515)
         0.053704694 = weight(abstract_txt:business in 3515) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.053704694 = score(doc=3515,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.16142559 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.7053119 = boost
               5.3230414 = idf(docFreq=588, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01778315 = queryNorm
             0.3326901 = fieldWeight in 3515, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.3230414 = idf(docFreq=588, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3515)
         0.06749661 = weight(abstract_txt:development in 3515) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06749661 = score(doc=3515,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.14041553 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.0532868 = boost
               3.8455355 = idf(docFreq=2580, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01778315 = queryNorm
             0.48069194 = fieldWeight in 3515, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               3.8455355 = idf(docFreq=2580, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3515)
         0.15533005 = weight(abstract_txt:software in 3515) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.15533005 = score(doc=3515,freq=10.0), product of:
             0.1803367 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.326934 = boost
               4.3580413 = idf(docFreq=1545, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01778315 = queryNorm
             0.86133355 = fieldWeight in 3515, product of:
               3.1622777 = tf(freq=10.0), with freq of:
                 10.0 = termFreq=10.0
               4.3580413 = idf(docFreq=1545, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3515)
         0.058639284 = weight(abstract_txt:models in 3515) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.058639284 = score(doc=3515,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.20294246 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.4684737 = boost
               4.623126 = idf(docFreq=1185, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01778315 = queryNorm
             0.28894538 = fieldWeight in 3515, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.623126 = idf(docFreq=1185, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3515)
         0.10086145 = weight(abstract_txt:knowledge in 3515) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.10086145 = score(doc=3515,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.2627228 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.165837 = boost
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01778315 = queryNorm
             0.38390827 = fieldWeight in 3515, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3515)
       0.36 = coord(9/25)
   

5. Meij, E.; Trieschnigg, D.; Rijke, M. de; Kraaij, W.: Conceptual language models for domain-specific retrieval (2010) 0.20

   0.2047802 = sum of:
     0.2047802 = product of:
       0.7313579 = sum of:
         0.016240088 = weight(abstract_txt:based in 238) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.016240088 = score(doc=238,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.05772268 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0197434 = boost
               3.1830752 = idf(docFreq=5005, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01778315 = queryNorm
             0.28134674 = fieldWeight in 238, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.1830752 = idf(docFreq=5005, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=238)
         0.032190323 = weight(abstract_txt:addition in 238) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.032190323 = score(doc=238,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.10024992 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0972713 = boost
               5.137612 = idf(docFreq=708, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01778315 = queryNorm
             0.32110074 = fieldWeight in 238, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.137612 = idf(docFreq=708, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=238)
         0.016609665 = weight(abstract_txt:which in 238) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.016609665 = score(doc=238,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.06449228 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2446318 = boost
               2.9137893 = idf(docFreq=6552, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01778315 = queryNorm
             0.25754502 = fieldWeight in 238, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               2.9137893 = idf(docFreq=6552, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=238)
         0.11727857 = weight(abstract_txt:models in 238) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.11727857 = score(doc=238,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.20294246 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.4684737 = boost
               4.623126 = idf(docFreq=1185, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01778315 = queryNorm
             0.57789075 = fieldWeight in 238, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               4.623126 = idf(docFreq=1185, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=238)
         0.27352238 = weight(abstract_txt:conceptual in 238) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.27352238 = score(doc=238,freq=8.0), product of:
             0.31689963 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.6497817 = boost
               4.8825436 = idf(docFreq=914, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01778315 = queryNorm
             0.8631199 = fieldWeight in 238, product of:
               2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
                 8.0 = termFreq=8.0
               4.8825436 = idf(docFreq=914, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=238)
         0.21728444 = weight(abstract_txt:modeling in 238) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.21728444 = score(doc=238,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.40987363 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.8428874 = boost
               5.997685 = idf(docFreq=299, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01778315 = queryNorm
             0.53012544 = fieldWeight in 238, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.997685 = idf(docFreq=299, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=238)
         0.058232386 = weight(abstract_txt:knowledge in 238) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.058232386 = score(doc=238,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.2627228 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.165837 = boost
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.01778315 = queryNorm
             0.22164954 = fieldWeight in 238, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.5463927 = idf(docFreq=3480, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=238)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)