Document (#27803)

Author

Eibl, M.

Title

Visualisierung im Document Retrieval : Theoretische und praktische Zusammenführung von Softwareergonomie und Graphik Design

Imprint

Bonn : IZ Sozialwissenschaften

Year

2000

Pages

241 S. + CD-ROM

Isbn

3-8206-0131-7

Series

Forschungsberichte; 3

Abstract

Die Arbeit versucht, die Recherche in Datenbankbeständen, die durch ihre Textorientierung für Ungeübte oftmals schwer handhabbar ist, durch die Einführung von Visualisierungen einfacher und nutzerfreundlicher zu gestalten. In seinem Ansatz hat Eibl nicht nur Aspekte verschiedener Datenretrieval-Modelle integriert, sondern auch Forderungen der Softwareergonomie und des Graphik-Designs umgesetzt

Content

Ausgangspunkt der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Fragestellung, wie Anwender von Document Retrieval-Systemen bei der Formulierung einer Anfrage unterstützt werden können. Bei der Beantwortung dieser Frage gilt es zunächst, die verschiedenen Modelle des Document Retrieval auf ihre Stärken und Schwächen hin zu untersuchen. Es werden hier drei exemplarische Retrieval-Modelle herausgegriffen, die sich in ihrer Recherchegrundlage und Relevanzbehandlung stark voneinander unterscheiden: das Boolesche, das probabilistische und das vage Retrieval-Modell. Um den Recherchezugang beim Einsatz dieser Retrieval-Modelle anwenderfreundlich zu gestalten, wird auf das Mittel der Visualisierung zurückgegriffen. In ihr wird eine gute Möglichkeit gesehen, mit komplexer Information umzugehen, da sie im Gegensatz zu textbasierten Präsentationsformen der optisch ausgerichteten menschlichen Kognition sehr weit entgegenkommen kann. Jedoch zeigen zahlreiche Beispiele, dass Visualisierung keinesfalls als Allheilmittel gelten kann, sondern im Gegenteil sogar zu einer Komplexitätssteigerung der Materie führen kann. Eine genauere Analyse bereits bestehender Ansätze weist denn auch softwareergonomische Probleme nach und läßt die Neukonzeption einer Visualisierung aus softwareergonomischer Sicht notwendig erscheinen. Neben softwareergonomischen Überlegungen fließen auch Aspekte des Graphik Design in die Konzeption der Visualisierung mit ein. Dies ist insofern ein Novum, als beide Schulen einander bislang weitgehend ignorierten. Mit Hilfe des Graphik Design kann der Visualisierung eine ansprechendere Gestaltung gegeben werden, die eine erhöhte Anwenderakzeptanz bewirkt. Um die Kooperation von Softwareergonomie und Graphik Design auf eine allgemeingültige Basis stellen zu können, wird auch eine theoretische Zusammenführung vorgeschlagen. Auf der Basis dieser Vorüberlegungen wird eine Visualisierung vorgestellt, welche Aspekte der drei Retrieval-Modelle integriert: In ihrer Grundkonzeption ermöglicht sie Boolesche Recherche. In zwei Erweiterungen werden ein probabilistisches Ranking-Verfahren sowie die Möglichkeit der Erweiterung der Ergebnismenge durch vage Methoden zur Verfügung gestellt. Optisch verfolgt die Viz, sualisierung ein minimalistisches Design. Es werden zu eingegebenen Suchkriterien sämtliche möglichen Kombinationen mit der entsprechenden Anzahl der gefundenen Dokumente angezeigt. Die Codierung der Kombinationen erfolgt dabei rein über die Farbgebung, die durch die Farben der enthaltenen Suchkriterien bestimmt wird. Je nachdem, welche Erweiterung verwendet wird, verändert sich die Gestaltung der Visualisierung: Wird das probabilistische Rankigverfahren eingesetzt, so wird die Position der Kombinationen auf dem Bildschirm neu berechnet. Wird vages Retrieval eingesetzt, so erhalten die erweiterten Mengen ein neues graphisches Element. Um die Güte der Visualisierung zu ermitteln, wird sie in einem Nutzertest evaluiert. Es werden klassische Retrieval-Maße wie Recall und Precision ermittelt sowie in einem Fragebogen die Anwenderakzeptanz eruiert. Die Ergebnisse des Tests untermauern die zwei grundlegenden Thesen dieser Arbeit: Visualisierung ist ein sinnvolles Mittel, die Schwierigkeiten der Interaktion mit Document Retrieval-Systemen zu minimieren. Und die Integration von Softwareergonomie und Graphik Design ist nicht nur sowohl theoretisch als auch praktisch möglich, sondern in der Tat auch vorteilhaft

Footnote

Zugl.: Koblenz, Landau, Univ., Diss., 1999.

Theme

Suchoberflächen
Visualisierung

BK

54.59 / Programmierung: Sonstiges

GHBS

BCA (FH K)

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5. Mair, M.: Increasing the value of meta data by using associative semantic networks (2002) 0.13

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