Document (#27742)

Author

Khoo, C.S.G.
Ng, K.
Ou, S.

Title

¬An exploratory study of human clustering of Web pages

Source

Challenges in knowledge representation and organization for the 21st century: Integration of knowledge across boundaries. Proceedings of the 7th ISKO International Conference Granada, Spain, July 10-13, 2002. Ed.: M. López-Huertas

Imprint

Würzburg : Ergon Verlag

Year

2003

Pages

S.351-357

Series

Advances in knowledge organization; vol.8

Abstract

This study seeks to find out how human beings cluster Web pages naturally. Twenty Web pages retrieved by the Northem Light search engine for each of 10 queries were sorted by 3 subjects into categories that were natural or meaningful to them. lt was found that different subjects clustered the same set of Web pages quite differently and created different categories. The average inter-subject similarity of the clusters created was a low 0.27. Subjects created an average of 5.4 clusters for each sorting. The categories constructed can be divided into 10 types. About 1/3 of the categories created were topical. Another 20% of the categories relate to the degree of relevance or usefulness. The rest of the categories were subject-independent categories such as format, purpose, authoritativeness and direction to other sources. The authors plan to develop automatic methods for categorizing Web pages using the common categories created by the subjects. lt is hoped that the techniques developed can be used by Web search engines to automatically organize Web pages retrieved into categories that are natural to users. 1. Introduction The World Wide Web is an increasingly important source of information for people globally because of its ease of access, the ease of publishing, its ability to transcend geographic and national boundaries, its flexibility and heterogeneity and its dynamic nature. However, Web users also find it increasingly difficult to locate relevant and useful information in this vast information storehouse. Web search engines, despite their scope and power, appear to be quite ineffective. They retrieve too many pages, and though they attempt to rank retrieved pages in order of probable relevance, often the relevant documents do not appear in the top-ranked 10 or 20 documents displayed. Several studies have found that users do not know how to use the advanced features of Web search engines, and do not know how to formulate and re-formulate queries. Users also typically exert minimal effort in performing, evaluating and refining their searches, and are unwilling to scan more than 10 or 20 items retrieved (Jansen, Spink, Bateman & Saracevic, 1998). This suggests that the conventional ranked-list display of search results does not satisfy user requirements, and that better ways of presenting and summarizing search results have to be developed. One promising approach is to group retrieved pages into clusters or categories to allow users to navigate immediately to the "promising" clusters where the most useful Web pages are likely to be located. This approach has been adopted by a number of search engines (notably Northem Light) and search agents.

Theme

Automatisches Klassifizieren

Object

Northern Light

Similar documents (author)

1. Khoo, C.S.G.; Poo, D.C.C.: ¬An expert system approach to online catalog subject searching (1994) 6.10

   6.103445 = sum of:
     6.103445 = sum of:
       2.7373245 = weight(author_txt:khoo in 7302) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         2.7373245 = score(doc=7302,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.65689176 = queryWeight, product of:
             8.334172 = idf(docFreq=28, maxDocs=44421)
             0.078819074 = queryNorm
           4.167086 = fieldWeight in 7302, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             8.334172 = idf(docFreq=28, maxDocs=44421)
             0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=7302)
       3.3661203 = weight(author_txt:c.s.g in 7302) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         3.3661203 = score(doc=7302,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.753985 = queryWeight, product of:
             1.0713576 = boost
             8.928879 = idf(docFreq=15, maxDocs=44421)
             0.078819074 = queryNorm
           4.4644394 = fieldWeight in 7302, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             8.928879 = idf(docFreq=15, maxDocs=44421)
             0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=7302)
   

2. Chaudhry, A.S.; Khoo, C.S.G..: ¬A survey of the top-level categories in the structure of corporate Websites (2008) 6.10

   6.103445 = sum of:
     6.103445 = sum of:
       2.7373245 = weight(author_txt:khoo in 3259) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         2.7373245 = score(doc=3259,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.65689176 = queryWeight, product of:
             8.334172 = idf(docFreq=28, maxDocs=44421)
             0.078819074 = queryNorm
           4.167086 = fieldWeight in 3259, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             8.334172 = idf(docFreq=28, maxDocs=44421)
             0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=3259)
       3.3661203 = weight(author_txt:c.s.g in 3259) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         3.3661203 = score(doc=3259,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.753985 = queryWeight, product of:
             1.0713576 = boost
             8.928879 = idf(docFreq=15, maxDocs=44421)
             0.078819074 = queryNorm
           4.4644394 = fieldWeight in 3259, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             8.928879 = idf(docFreq=15, maxDocs=44421)
             0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=3259)
   

3. Khoo, C.S.G.; Ou, S.: Machine versus human clustering of concepts across documents (2008) 6.10

   6.103445 = sum of:
     6.103445 = sum of:
       2.7373245 = weight(author_txt:khoo in 3286) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         2.7373245 = score(doc=3286,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.65689176 = queryWeight, product of:
             8.334172 = idf(docFreq=28, maxDocs=44421)
             0.078819074 = queryNorm
           4.167086 = fieldWeight in 3286, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             8.334172 = idf(docFreq=28, maxDocs=44421)
             0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=3286)
       3.3661203 = weight(author_txt:c.s.g in 3286) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         3.3661203 = score(doc=3286,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.753985 = queryWeight, product of:
             1.0713576 = boost
             8.928879 = idf(docFreq=15, maxDocs=44421)
             0.078819074 = queryNorm
           4.4644394 = fieldWeight in 3286, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             8.928879 = idf(docFreq=15, maxDocs=44421)
             0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=3286)
   

4. Poo, D.C.C.; Khoo, C.S.G.: Online Catalog Subject Searching (2009) 6.10

   6.103445 = sum of:
     6.103445 = sum of:
       2.7373245 = weight(author_txt:khoo in 838) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         2.7373245 = score(doc=838,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.65689176 = queryWeight, product of:
             8.334172 = idf(docFreq=28, maxDocs=44421)
             0.078819074 = queryNorm
           4.167086 = fieldWeight in 838, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             8.334172 = idf(docFreq=28, maxDocs=44421)
             0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=838)
       3.3661203 = weight(author_txt:c.s.g in 838) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         3.3661203 = score(doc=838,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.753985 = queryWeight, product of:
             1.0713576 = boost
             8.928879 = idf(docFreq=15, maxDocs=44421)
             0.078819074 = queryNorm
           4.4644394 = fieldWeight in 838, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             8.928879 = idf(docFreq=15, maxDocs=44421)
             0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=838)
   

5. Sun, G.; Khoo, C.S.G.: ¬A framework to represent variables and values in social science research data sets to support data curation and reuse (2018) 6.10

   6.103445 = sum of:
     6.103445 = sum of:
       2.7373245 = weight(author_txt:khoo in 744) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         2.7373245 = score(doc=744,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.65689176 = queryWeight, product of:
             8.334172 = idf(docFreq=28, maxDocs=44421)
             0.078819074 = queryNorm
           4.167086 = fieldWeight in 744, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             8.334172 = idf(docFreq=28, maxDocs=44421)
             0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=744)
       3.3661203 = weight(author_txt:c.s.g in 744) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
         3.3661203 = score(doc=744,freq=1.0), product of:
           0.753985 = queryWeight, product of:
             1.0713576 = boost
             8.928879 = idf(docFreq=15, maxDocs=44421)
             0.078819074 = queryNorm
           4.4644394 = fieldWeight in 744, product of:
             1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
               1.0 = termFreq=1.0
             8.928879 = idf(docFreq=15, maxDocs=44421)
             0.5 = fieldNorm(doc=744)
   

Similar documents (content)

1. Bilal, D.: Ranking, relevance judgment, and precision of information retrieval on children's queries : evaluation of Google, Yahoo!, Bing, Yahoo! Kids, and ask Kids (2012) 0.28

   0.28323147 = sum of:
     0.28323147 = product of:
       0.7080786 = sum of:
         0.023304457 = weight(abstract_txt:natural in 1393) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.023304457 = score(doc=1393,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08405987 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0231311 = boost
               5.0694656 = idf(docFreq=758, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016206725 = queryNorm
             0.2772364 = fieldWeight in 1393, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.0694656 = idf(docFreq=758, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1393)
         0.06717629 = weight(abstract_txt:queries in 1393) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06717629 = score(doc=1393,freq=8.0), product of:
             0.08512885 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0296161 = boost
               5.1015973 = idf(docFreq=734, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016206725 = queryNorm
             0.78911304 = fieldWeight in 1393, product of:
               2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
                 8.0 = termFreq=8.0
               5.1015973 = idf(docFreq=734, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1393)
         0.06370792 = weight(abstract_txt:average in 1393) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06370792 = score(doc=1393,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.113950945 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1912308 = boost
               5.9023747 = idf(docFreq=329, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016206725 = queryNorm
             0.559082 = fieldWeight in 1393, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               5.9023747 = idf(docFreq=329, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1393)
         0.0672032 = weight(abstract_txt:ranked in 1393) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.0672032 = score(doc=1393,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.13516971 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2974082 = boost
               6.428468 = idf(docFreq=194, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016206725 = queryNorm
             0.49717647 = fieldWeight in 1393, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               6.428468 = idf(docFreq=194, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1393)
         0.017647672 = weight(abstract_txt:were in 1393) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.017647672 = score(doc=1393,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08798954 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4803604 = boost
               3.6674848 = idf(docFreq=3083, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016206725 = queryNorm
             0.20056558 = fieldWeight in 1393, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.6674848 = idf(docFreq=3083, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1393)
         0.014342961 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 1393) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.014342961 = score(doc=1393,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.064028144 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6705383 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016206725 = queryNorm
             0.22401026 = fieldWeight in 1393, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1393)
         0.14009161 = weight(abstract_txt:engines in 1393) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.14009161 = score(doc=1393,freq=7.0), product of:
             0.1830409 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.1351383 = boost
               5.2896495 = idf(docFreq=608, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016206725 = queryNorm
             0.76535684 = fieldWeight in 1393, product of:
               2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                 7.0 = termFreq=7.0
               5.2896495 = idf(docFreq=608, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1393)
         0.099143 = weight(abstract_txt:clusters in 1393) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.099143 = score(doc=1393,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.2780657 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.6316352 = boost
               6.519684 = idf(docFreq=177, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016206725 = queryNorm
             0.3565452 = fieldWeight in 1393, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.519684 = idf(docFreq=177, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1393)
         0.16607068 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieved in 1393) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.16607068 = score(doc=1393,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.26614487 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.8784983 = boost
               5.7050157 = idf(docFreq=401, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016206725 = queryNorm
             0.62398607 = fieldWeight in 1393, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               5.7050157 = idf(docFreq=401, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1393)
         0.049390826 = weight(abstract_txt:search in 1393) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.049390826 = score(doc=1393,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.17474453 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.9503174 = boost
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016206725 = queryNorm
             0.2826459 = fieldWeight in 1393, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1393)
       0.4 = coord(10/25)
   

2. Pu, H.-T.; Chuang, S.-L.; Yang, C.: Subject categorization of query terms for exploring Web users' search interests (2002) 0.26

   0.2594831 = sum of:
     0.2594831 = product of:
       0.64870775 = sum of:
         0.03838645 = weight(abstract_txt:queries in 1587) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03838645 = score(doc=1587,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.08512885 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0296161 = boost
               5.1015973 = idf(docFreq=734, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016206725 = queryNorm
             0.45092174 = fieldWeight in 1587, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.1015973 = idf(docFreq=734, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1587)
         0.05430839 = weight(abstract_txt:ranked in 1587) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.05430839 = score(doc=1587,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.13516971 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2974082 = boost
               6.428468 = idf(docFreq=194, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016206725 = queryNorm
             0.40177926 = fieldWeight in 1587, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.428468 = idf(docFreq=194, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1587)
         0.05709741 = weight(abstract_txt:quite in 1587) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.05709741 = score(doc=1587,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.13975877 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3192481 = boost
               6.5366817 = idf(docFreq=174, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016206725 = queryNorm
             0.4085426 = fieldWeight in 1587, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.5366817 = idf(docFreq=174, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1587)
         0.020168768 = weight(abstract_txt:were in 1587) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.020168768 = score(doc=1587,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08798954 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4803604 = boost
               3.6674848 = idf(docFreq=3083, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016206725 = queryNorm
             0.2292178 = fieldWeight in 1587, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.6674848 = idf(docFreq=3083, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1587)
         0.020661352 = weight(abstract_txt:into in 1587) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.020661352 = score(doc=1587,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08941642 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4923153 = boost
               3.697102 = idf(docFreq=2993, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016206725 = queryNorm
             0.23106888 = fieldWeight in 1587, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.697102 = idf(docFreq=2993, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1587)
         0.013383977 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 1587) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.013383977 = score(doc=1587,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.064028144 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6705383 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016206725 = queryNorm
             0.20903271 = fieldWeight in 1587, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1587)
         0.032810733 = weight(abstract_txt:users in 1587) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.032810733 = score(doc=1587,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.104059584 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.7998984 = boost
               3.5672934 = idf(docFreq=3408, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016206725 = queryNorm
             0.31530717 = fieldWeight in 1587, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.5672934 = idf(docFreq=3408, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1587)
         0.060513888 = weight(abstract_txt:engines in 1587) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.060513888 = score(doc=1587,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1830409 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.1351383 = boost
               5.2896495 = idf(docFreq=608, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016206725 = queryNorm
             0.3306031 = fieldWeight in 1587, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.2896495 = idf(docFreq=608, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1587)
         0.10560202 = weight(abstract_txt:search in 1587) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.10560202 = score(doc=1587,freq=7.0), product of:
             0.17474453 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.9503174 = boost
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016206725 = queryNorm
             0.6043223 = fieldWeight in 1587, product of:
               2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                 7.0 = termFreq=7.0
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1587)
         0.24577475 = weight(abstract_txt:categories in 1587) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.24577475 = score(doc=1587,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.4384727 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.2250834 = boost
               5.177905 = idf(docFreq=680, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016206725 = queryNorm
             0.56052464 = fieldWeight in 1587, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               5.177905 = idf(docFreq=680, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1587)
       0.4 = coord(10/25)
   

3. Negm, E.; AbdelRahman, S.; Bahgat, R.: PREFCA: a portal retrieval engine based on formal concept analysis (2017) 0.25

   0.24851167 = sum of:
     0.24851167 = product of:
       0.6903102 = sum of:
         0.020357491 = weight(abstract_txt:queries in 4291) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.020357491 = score(doc=4291,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08512885 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0296161 = boost
               5.1015973 = idf(docFreq=734, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016206725 = queryNorm
             0.23913738 = fieldWeight in 4291, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.1015973 = idf(docFreq=734, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4291)
         0.044586256 = weight(abstract_txt:average in 4291) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.044586256 = score(doc=4291,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.113950945 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1912308 = boost
               5.9023747 = idf(docFreq=329, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016206725 = queryNorm
             0.39127588 = fieldWeight in 4291, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.9023747 = idf(docFreq=329, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4291)
         0.040731292 = weight(abstract_txt:ranked in 4291) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.040731292 = score(doc=4291,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.13516971 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2974082 = boost
               6.428468 = idf(docFreq=194, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016206725 = queryNorm
             0.30133444 = fieldWeight in 4291, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.428468 = idf(docFreq=194, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4291)
         0.020075966 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 4291) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.020075966 = score(doc=4291,freq=8.0), product of:
             0.064028144 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6705383 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016206725 = queryNorm
             0.31354907 = fieldWeight in 4291, product of:
               2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
                 8.0 = termFreq=8.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4291)
         0.01740052 = weight(abstract_txt:users in 4291) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.01740052 = score(doc=4291,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.104059584 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.7998984 = boost
               3.5672934 = idf(docFreq=3408, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016206725 = queryNorm
             0.16721688 = fieldWeight in 4291, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.5672934 = idf(docFreq=3408, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4291)
         0.045385417 = weight(abstract_txt:engines in 4291) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.045385417 = score(doc=4291,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1830409 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.1351383 = boost
               5.2896495 = idf(docFreq=608, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016206725 = queryNorm
             0.24795231 = fieldWeight in 4291, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.2896495 = idf(docFreq=608, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4291)
         0.07117316 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieved in 4291) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07117316 = score(doc=4291,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.26614487 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.8784983 = boost
               5.7050157 = idf(docFreq=401, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016206725 = queryNorm
             0.26742262 = fieldWeight in 4291, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.7050157 = idf(docFreq=401, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4291)
         0.07332636 = weight(abstract_txt:search in 4291) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07332636 = score(doc=4291,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.17474453 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.9503174 = boost
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016206725 = queryNorm
             0.41962034 = fieldWeight in 4291, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4291)
         0.35727373 = weight(abstract_txt:pages in 4291) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.35727373 = score(doc=4291,freq=7.0), product of:
             0.51390797 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.656719 = boost
               5.6056433 = idf(docFreq=443, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016206725 = queryNorm
             0.69520956 = fieldWeight in 4291, product of:
               2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                 7.0 = termFreq=7.0
               5.6056433 = idf(docFreq=443, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4291)
       0.36 = coord(9/25)
   

4. Evans, R.: Beyond Boolean : relevance ranking, natural language and the new search paradigm (1994) 0.25

   0.2471849 = sum of:
     0.2471849 = product of:
       0.6866247 = sum of:
         0.03329208 = weight(abstract_txt:natural in 192) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03329208 = score(doc=192,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08405987 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0231311 = boost
               5.0694656 = idf(docFreq=758, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016206725 = queryNorm
             0.396052 = fieldWeight in 192, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.0694656 = idf(docFreq=758, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=192)
         0.058767013 = weight(abstract_txt:queries in 192) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.058767013 = score(doc=192,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.08512885 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0296161 = boost
               5.1015973 = idf(docFreq=734, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016206725 = queryNorm
             0.69033015 = fieldWeight in 192, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               5.1015973 = idf(docFreq=734, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=192)
         0.09600457 = weight(abstract_txt:ranked in 192) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.09600457 = score(doc=192,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.13516971 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2974082 = boost
               6.428468 = idf(docFreq=194, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016206725 = queryNorm
             0.71025205 = fieldWeight in 192, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               6.428468 = idf(docFreq=194, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=192)
         0.07045296 = weight(abstract_txt:ease in 192) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07045296 = score(doc=192,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.13855672 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3135625 = boost
               6.5085106 = idf(docFreq=179, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016206725 = queryNorm
             0.5084774 = fieldWeight in 192, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.5085106 = idf(docFreq=179, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=192)
         0.016729971 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 192) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.016729971 = score(doc=192,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.064028144 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6705383 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016206725 = queryNorm
             0.2612909 = fieldWeight in 192, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=192)
         0.050230972 = weight(abstract_txt:users in 192) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.050230972 = score(doc=192,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.104059584 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.7998984 = boost
               3.5672934 = idf(docFreq=3408, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016206725 = queryNorm
             0.48271355 = fieldWeight in 192, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.5672934 = idf(docFreq=3408, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=192)
         0.106974445 = weight(abstract_txt:engines in 192) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.106974445 = score(doc=192,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.1830409 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.1351383 = boost
               5.2896495 = idf(docFreq=608, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016206725 = queryNorm
             0.5844292 = fieldWeight in 192, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.2896495 = idf(docFreq=608, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=192)
         0.16775674 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieved in 192) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.16775674 = score(doc=192,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.26614487 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.8784983 = boost
               5.7050157 = idf(docFreq=401, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016206725 = queryNorm
             0.63032115 = fieldWeight in 192, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.7050157 = idf(docFreq=401, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=192)
         0.08641594 = weight(abstract_txt:search in 192) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08641594 = score(doc=192,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.17474453 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.9503174 = boost
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016206725 = queryNorm
             0.49452728 = fieldWeight in 192, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.654598 = idf(docFreq=3123, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=192)
       0.36 = coord(9/25)
   

5. Spink, A.; Wolfram, D.; Jansen, B.J.; Saracevic, T.: Searching the Web : the public and their queries (2001) 0.24

   0.24067347 = sum of:
     0.24067347 = product of:
       0.6016837 = sum of:
         0.06751816 = weight(abstract_txt:queries in 980) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06751816 = score(doc=980,freq=11.0), product of:
             0.08512885 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0296161 = boost
               5.1015973 = idf(docFreq=734, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016206725 = queryNorm
             0.79312897 = fieldWeight in 980, product of:
               3.3166249 = tf(freq=11.0), with freq of:
                 11.0 = termFreq=11.0
               5.1015973 = idf(docFreq=734, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=980)
         0.03417375 = weight(abstract_txt:appear in 980) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03417375 = score(doc=980,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.12024186 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2236713 = boost
               6.0631127 = idf(docFreq=280, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016206725 = queryNorm
             0.28420842 = fieldWeight in 980, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.0631127 = idf(docFreq=280, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=980)
         0.040731292 = weight(abstract_txt:ranked in 980) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.040731292 = score(doc=980,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.13516971 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2974082 = boost
               6.428468 = idf(docFreq=194, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016206725 = queryNorm
             0.30133444 = fieldWeight in 980, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.428468 = idf(docFreq=194, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=980)
         0.026199996 = weight(abstract_txt:were in 980) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.026199996 = score(doc=980,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.08798954 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4803604 = boost
               3.6674848 = idf(docFreq=3083, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016206725 = queryNorm
             0.29776263 = fieldWeight in 980, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               3.6674848 = idf(docFreq=3083, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=980)
         0.015496015 = weight(abstract_txt:into in 980) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.015496015 = score(doc=980,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08941642 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.4923153 = boost
               3.697102 = idf(docFreq=2993, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016206725 = queryNorm
             0.17330167 = fieldWeight in 980, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.697102 = idf(docFreq=2993, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=980)
         0.014195851 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 980) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.014195851 = score(doc=980,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.064028144 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6705383 = boost
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016206725 = queryNorm
             0.22171268 = fieldWeight in 980, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=980)
         0.03480104 = weight(abstract_txt:users in 980) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03480104 = score(doc=980,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.104059584 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.7998984 = boost
               3.5672934 = idf(docFreq=3408, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016206725 = queryNorm
             0.33443376 = fieldWeight in 980, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               3.5672934 = idf(docFreq=3408, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=980)
         0.07117316 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieved in 980) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07117316 = score(doc=980,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.26614487 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.8784983 = boost
               5.7050157 = idf(docFreq=401, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016206725 = queryNorm
             0.26742262 = fieldWeight in 980, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.7050157 = idf(docFreq=401, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=980)
         0.106423594 = weight(abstract_txt:categories in 980) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.106423594 = score(doc=980,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.4384727 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.2250834 = boost
               5.177905 = idf(docFreq=680, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016206725 = queryNorm
             0.2427143 = fieldWeight in 980, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.177905 = idf(docFreq=680, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=980)
         0.19097085 = weight(abstract_txt:pages in 980) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.19097085 = score(doc=980,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.51390797 = queryWeight, product of:
               5.656719 = boost
               5.6056433 = idf(docFreq=443, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016206725 = queryNorm
             0.37160516 = fieldWeight in 980, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.6056433 = idf(docFreq=443, maxDocs=44421)
               0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=980)
       0.4 = coord(10/25)