Document (#27155)

Author
Ruijter, A. de
Title
Claude Lévi-Strauss
Issue
Aus dem Holländischen von Hubert van den Berg
Imprint
Frankfurt : Campus-Verlag
Year
1991
Pages
146 S
Isbn
3-593-34517-X
Series
Reihe Campus: Einführungen; Bd.1048
Abstract
Der französische Ethnologe Claude Levi-Strauss gilt allgemein als "Vater des Strukturalismus" und hat vor allem mit Traurige Tropen (1955) und Das wilde Denken (1962) Weltruhm erlangt. Daß der Strukturalismus in den 60er Jahren zur Modephilosophie in (auch deutschen) Intellektuellenkreisen avancierte und ein riesiges literarisches Echo hervorrief, hat mit Levi-Strauss' ursprünglichem Denkansatz nur noch wenig zu tun. Jenseits solch modischer Rezeptionen rekonstruiert der Autor den methodischen Strukturalismus, den Levi-Strauss innerhalb der Anthropologie entwickelt hat. Es geht um den Nachweis, daß alle menschlichen Äußerungen universell wirksamen Denkgesetzen unterworfen sind. "Kultur" ist dieser Sichtweise zufolge ein in der Natur des Menschen beschlossenes System allgemeiner Regeln, welche unter dem Einfluß spezifischer historischer und ökologischer Umstände konkrete Formen annehmen. Levi-Strauss' Bemühen gilt dem Aufweis einer verdeckten kulturellen Grammatik, die alle menschlichen Hervorbringungen, von den Verwandtschaftsbeziehungen bis zur Mythenproduktion, determiniert. Schließlich geht de Ruijter in seiner Einführung auch auf den Vorwurf des "verarmenden" Reduktionismus ein, den Levi-Strauss' Methode erfahren hat, und plädiert in diesem Zusammenhang für die Rückkehr zu einer früheren Phase seines strukturalistischen Denkens.
Field
Philosophie

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