Document (#26707)

Author
Jaenecke, P.
Title
Wissensbausteine
Source
Wolfenbütteler Notizen zur Buchgeschichte. 27(2002) H.2, S.183-197
Year
2002
Abstract
Wissensbausteine werden aufgefaßt als gedankliche Einheiten, geeignet zum Darstellen von wissenschaftlichem Wissen auf einem elektronischen Medium. Wir gehen zunächst auf den Unterschied zwischen sprachlichen und gedanklichen Einheiten ein, formulieren danach die allgemeinen Anforderungen an die Wissensbausteine, charakterisieren ihre Struktur, erläutern diese an einigen ausgewählten Beispielen, zeigen, wie mit Hilfe der Wissensbausteine ein allgemeiner Wissensraum aufgebaut werden kann, und diskutieren abschließend einige Konsequenzen, die sich aus solch einem Raum ergeben. Die verschiedenen historisch gewachsenen Vorstellungen über das Wissen erweisen sich als so heterogen, daß sie eher zur Verwirrung als zum Verständnis beitragen. Sie sind unvollständig und/oder widersprechen sich, und oft wird das, was als Wissen gelten soll, nicht klar gegen verwandte Erscheinungen wie Erkenntnis, Erfahrung, Information abgegrenzt. In einer früheren Arbeit' wurde nachzuweisen versucht, daß dieser unbefriedigende Zustand nicht auf mangelnde Bemühungen zurückzuführen ist, sondern in der Sache selbst begründet liegt. 'Wissen', so das Ergebnis, ist kein definierbarer Begriff, weil sich Wissenselemente wie etwa Aussage und Metapher aufgrund ihrer unterschiedlichen Merkmale nicht unter einem Begriff subsumieren lassen. An dieses Ergebnis knüpft der hier vorgestellte Ansatz an, wonach es einen Satz von gleichstrukturierten elementaren Wissenselementen gibt, die sich hinsichtlich ihrer Funktion voneinander unterscheiden und aus denen sich komplexere Wissenseinheiten aufbauen lassen. Die bisherigen Diskussionen über Wissen betrafen - bildlich gesprochen - die divergierenden Vorstellungen über verschiedene Arten von Gedankengebäuden; die Wissensbausteine erlauben nun Aussagen über den Aufbau dieser Gedankengebäude, etwa so, wie man anhand der Bauteile den Aufbau realer Gebäude erklären könnte. Wissensbausteine sind Werkzeuge der Wissensdarstellung; Wissen ist zwar etwas Gedankliches, aber es besitzt ebenso eine Struktur wie die Sprache, über die es vermittelt werden muß. Es gilt daher zwei verschiedene Strukturbereiche zu unterscheiden: sprachliche und inhaltliche. Demzufolge gibt es auch sprachliche und inhaltliche Einheiten, mit denen jeweils die Strukturen erzeugt werden können. Weil Inhalte aber stets nur sprachlich vermittelt in Erscheinung treten, werden ihre Strukturen und Einheiten durch die sprachlichen verdeckt, so daß sie bisher kaum beachtet wurden. Die Wissensbausteine sind aber inhaltlich bestimmte Einheiten; um sie besser einordnen zu können, erläutern wir zunächst die Eigentümlichkeiten des sprachlichen und gedanklichen Bereichs und zeigen, welche Zusammenhänge zwischen beiden bestehen (Kap. 2). Danach formulieren wir die allgemeinen Anforderungen an die Wissensbausteine, die sie als inhaltliche Einheiten erfüllen müssen (Kap. 3), charakterisieren ihre Struktur und veranschaulichen diese an einigen ausgewählten Beispielen (Kap. 4). Wir erläutern anschließend die Möglichkeit, mit Hilfe der Wissensbausteine einen allgemeinen Wissensraum aufzubauen (Kap. 5) und diskutieren einige Konsequenzen, die sich aus solch einem Raum ergeben (Kap. 6). Im abschließenden Ausblick (Kap. 7) wird auf einige Probleme hingewiesen, die sich für die Bibliotheksarbeit ergeben, wenn Wissen nicht mehr in Büchern, sondern in elektronisch verfügbaren sogenannten Wissenssystemen angeboten wird.
Footnote
Beitrag in einem Themenheft, das Ergebnis einer Tagung "Mit Information zum Wissen - Durch Wissen zur Information" am 25./26.9.2000 in Wolfenbüttel ist
Theme
Information

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