Document (#26604)

Author

Gohlke, G.

Title

"Fortschritt ist Ansichtssache" : Über die Wiederannäherung von Kunst und Wissenschaft

Source

Gut zu Wissen: Links zur Wissensgesellschaft. Hrsg.: Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung, konzipiert und bearb. von Andreas Poltermann

Imprint

Münster : Verlag Westfälisches Dampfboot

Year

2002

Pages

S.264-290

Abstract

Kunst und Wissenschaft leben in Scheidung. Die Zeit der ehemaligen Partnerschaft liegt Jahrhunderte zurück. Immer wieder gab es Versuche, die getrennten Disziplinen romantisch wiederzuvereinigen oder wenigstens grenzübergreifend miteinander ins Gespräch zu bringen. Die deutsche Frühromantik ästhetisierte die Mathematik und spekulierte in Begriffen der Geowissenschaft, nachdem die ästhetische Theorie am Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts die nachhaltigste Verselbständigung der Künste errungen hatte. Einige der wirkungsvollsten Vertreter der Autonomieästhetik erhofften von der Synthese naturwissenschaftlicher Empirie, poetischer Weltschau und ökonomischer Reformprojekte eine Entschädigung für die Vereinzelung der Disziplinen. Diese Projekte der Zusammenhangstiftung können aber eher als Einschübe in einer Evolution der Spezialisierungen und Differenzierungen gelten, an deren Ende die sogenannten schönen Künste und die sogenannte exakte Wissenschaft' als äußerste Extreme auf einer Skala der Interessen verstanden werden. In Bildung und Lehre repräsentieren Naturwissenschaft und Kunst die entgegensetzten Orientierungsmöglichkeiten des Schülers. Jeder Versuch der Überwindung dieser Teilung trägt das Siegel des exotischen Experiments. Dabei geht es nicht nur um die unterschiedliche öffentliche Vermittlung der jeweiligen Leistungen und Erfolge. Die Komplexität der wissenschaft-lichen Erkenntniszuwächse gilt darüber hinaus der Bildenden Kunst als unerreichbar. Zwar zählt es zu den Beschäftigungen der Geistesgeschichte, naturwissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse wie die aufblühende Evolutionsbiologie und poetisch-philosophische Faszinationen miteinander zu vergleichen und aufeinander abzubilden. Versteht man die Frage nach dem Zusammenhang von Bildender Kunst und Naturwissenschaft aber als praktisches Interesse aneinander und als Hoffnung auf gegenseitig zu vermittelnden Erkenntnisgewinn, hat die wachsende Komplikation der physikalischen und chemisch-biologischen Forschung der Kunst einen Einblick und Überblick mehr und mehr verwehrt. Diese Unkenntnis voneinander wurde durch die häufig beklagte Isolation der wissenschaftlichen Disziplinen untereinander weiter verschärft. Mit dem Grad der Abstraktion einer arbeitsteiligen Wissenschaft und dem Angewiesensein der Bildenden Kunst auf Anschaulichkeit schienen beide Lager nachhaltig voneinander entfremdet.

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