Document (#26435)

Author
Swertz, C.
Title
Was das Medium mit dem Wissen macht : McLuhan und die Wissensorganisation
Source
Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis. 54(2003) H.2, S.99-105
Year
2003
Abstract
Aus meinem Bürofenster sehe ich auf den Spielplatz der Bielefelder Laborschule. Es ist Frühstückspause und der Spielplatz ist voller Kinder, die herumlaufen, klettern und schaukeln. Mehrere Kinder sind auf die Schaukel geklettert, andere geben Anschwung oder stehen neben der Schaukel und gestikulieren. Ein Bild, bei dem mir als Pädagogen viele Fragen einfallen: Warum steht eine Schaukel auf dem Schulspielplatz? Was lernen die Kinder in der Pause? Was kommt in der Schaukel zum Ausdruck? Welche kulturellen Gehalte werden implizit tradiert? Dass eine Schaukel schaukelt und nicht wippt ist trivial. Aber worin unterscheidet sich z.B. eine Schaukel von einem Klettergerüst? Die Interpretation der Eigenbewegung der Schaukel als Metapher für unsere mechanisierte Gesellschaft, in der wir von Maschinen bewegt werden, ohne uns selbst zu bewegen, deutet die Reichweite der Fragen an. Erwachsene schaukeln selten. Sie spielen mit Fernsehern, Computern usw. Diese Spielzeuge' enthalten wie die Schaukel ein implizites Wissen. Um das implizite Wissen in Medien geht es in diesem Artikel. Medien enthalten explizites und implizites Wissen. Das explizite Wissen wird als Zeichen an die symbolische Dimension eines Mediums gebunden. Das implizite Wissen wird in die physikalische Dimension des Mediums eingebaut. Die physikalische Dimension enthält im Gebrauch geltende Spielregeln für die Rezeption der symbolischen Dimension. Diese Spielregeln werden meist habitualisiert. Um das Sprachspiel zwischen Medien vernünftig spielen zu können, ist es erforderlich, diese Spielregeln explizit zu machen und bei der Organisation des expliziten Wissens zu beachten. Dazu werden hier die Arbeiten der Toronto School herangezogen. Für die aufgeworfene Frage relevant sind vor allem die Arbeiten von Innis und McLuhan, weniger die von Posturan und deKerckhove. Wegen der Besonderheiten von McLuhans Arbeiten ist zunächst eine Annäherung an seine Denkstruktur als Grundlage für das Verständnis seiner Arbeiten erforderlich. Die Besonderheiten von McLuhans Denkstruktur machen es erforderlich, seine Arbeiten nicht zu rezipieren, sondern sie auf Grundlage einer Medientheorie neu zu formulieren. Daher wird hier im zweiten Abschnitt zunächst ein Medienbegriff vorgelegt. Davon ausgehend wird die Sichtweise der Toronto School vorgestellt. Anschließend werden Konsequenzen für die Wissensorganisation diskutiert.
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