Document (#25255)

Author

Resenhoeft, T.

Title

Aluminium-Schwindsucht bereitet CDs ein sicheres Ende : Chemische Reaktion macht Datenträger nach 25 bis 100 Jahren unbrauchbar - Keine Warnung der Hersteller

Source

Frankfurter Rundschau. Nr.157 vom 10.7.2001, S.36

Year

2001

Abstract

"Milliarden CDs werden langsam, aber unaufhaltsam zerstört. Ihre glänzende Aluminiumschicht wird durch eine chemische Reaktion innerhalb von Jahrzehnten durchsichtig und damit unbrauchbar. Bei Musik-Liebhabern oder Computer-Freaks ist dieser drohende Verlust von Milliardenwerten weitgehend unbekannt. Warnungen der CD-Hersteller fehlen. Die deutsche Musikindustrie hält entsprechende Hinweise wörtlich für "überflüssig". Ein Ersatzanspruch für zerstörte Ton- beziehungsweise Datenträger besteht nicht. Wer seine mit viel Geld und Mühe zusammengestellte Musiksammlung erhalten möchte, muss sie auf ein neues Speicherinedium umkopieren. Die Alternative: alles verlieren oder komplett neu kaufen. Fachleute in den großen Archiven richten sich längst darauf ein, ihre CDs eines Tages zu überspielen. "Rechtlich ist die Lage vollkommen klar", sagt Edda Costello, Rechtsexpertin der Verbraucherzentrale Hamburg. Die gesetzliche Gewährleistung betrage in Deutschland sechs Monate. Diese Zeit gelte für eine Waschmaschine ebenso wie für CDs. Nach Ablauf dieser Frist müssten die Hersteller eine schadhafte CD nicht ersetzen. Auch gebe es keine Rechtspflicht, auf den möglichen Ausfall der Musikträger hinzuweisen, ergänzt sie. Ihrer Ansicht nach sollten Kunden jedoch auf das Problem aufmerksam gemacht werden. Diese verbänden mit der CD einen dauerhaften, verlustfreien Datenstrom. Doch wie lange eine CD wirklich hält, ist umstritten. Die Angaben scheinen mit der Interessenlage zu schwanken - zwischen 25 und 100 Jahren. Henning Hopf, geschäftsführender Leiter des Institutes für organische Chemie der Technischen Universität Braunschweig, schätzt die Haltbarkeit von CDs auf etwa 25 bis 30 Jahre: Das ist ein ernstes Problem." Es entsteht, weil es im Inneren der CD chemische Reaktionen gibt, wie der Ingenieur Rainer Vesper von der Bayer AG in Leverkusen erklärt. Unter der bedruckten Oberseite einer CD kommt eine Schicht aus Klarlack, gefolgt von einer dünnen Schicht aus Aluminium. Unterhalb dieses feinen Metallfilms liegt der durchsichtige Kunststoff Polycarbonat. Darin sind in Form kleiner Vertiefungen die Informationen abgelegt. Ein Laserstrahl tastet die Vertiefungen ab und gibt die Daten wieder. Das Aluminium reflektiert dabei das Licht. Nun können von beiden Seiten einer CD Sauerstoff- und Wassermoleküle ans Metall gelangen. Damit reagiert das Aluminium über Jahre hinweg zur durchsichtigen Verbindung Aluminiumhydroxid. Zwar bleiben dabei die Erhöhungen und Vertiefungen in der Polycarbonat-Schicht erhalten. Der Laserstrahl wird aber nicht mehr vom Aluminium zurückgeworfen, der Datenträger mithin unlesbar. Rafael Ball, Direktor der Zentralbibliothek des Forschungszentrums Jülich, sieht darin kein dringendes Problem. Die CD-ROM ist ein Auslaufmodell. Niemand macht sich mehr Gedanken über deren Langzeithaltbarkeit", sagt er. Der Höhe punkt des Einsatzes von CI)s sei bereits überschritten. Bibliotheken richteten zunehmend Online-Datenbanken auf zentralen Servern ein, sagt er. Vollkommen ungelöst sei hingegen die Frage, wie ein künftiger Großvater seinen Enkeln in 50 Jahren vorspielen wolle, welche Musik er im Jahr 2001 gehört habe. Hartmut Spiesecke, Sprecher des Bundesverbandes der Phonographischen Wirtschaft, meint: CI)s halten ein Leben lang. Kein anderes Speichermedium ist so haltbar und unempfindlich wie die CD." Freilich sei nichts für die Ewigkeit, aber ein solcher Hinweis an unsere Kunden scheint uns überflüssig, weil selbstverständlich". Aus diesem Grund sei ein Umkopieren von CI)s nicht nötig. ,Meine Berufskollegen raten zur Vorsicht', sagt dagegen Ingo Kolasa, Leiter des Deutschen Musikarchivs in Berlin. Dort wird seit 1973 ein Exemplar jeder in Deutschland erscheinenden CD gesammelt. Die internationalen Musikarchive gingen zurzeit davon aus, dass eine CD etwa 50 Jahre halte, sagt er." - Wieder abgedruckt in: Online Mitteilungen 2002, Nr.72, S.15-17.

Form

Elektronische Datenträger

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5. Knaus, B.: Wie steht's mit dem Buch? : Logik. Ästhetik. Chaos. Es gibt unzählige Möglichkeiten, seine Bücher zu ordnen, sie in- und auszusortieren, mit ihnen zu wohnen. Fünf Beispiele (2001) 0.17

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