Document (#24931)

Author
Wu, Q.
Iyengar, S.S.
Zhu, M.
Title
Web based image retrieval using self-organizing feature map
Source
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 52(2001) no.10, S.868-875
Year
2001
Abstract
The explosive growth of digital image collections on the Web sites is calling for an efficient and intelligent method of browsing, searching, and retrieving images. In this article, an artificial neural network (ANN)-based approach is proposed to explore a promising solution to the Web image retrieval (IR). Compared with other image retrieval methods, this new approach has the following characteristics. First of all, the Content-Based features have been combined with Text-Based features to improve retrieval performance. Instead of solely relying on low-level visual features and high-level concepts, we also take the textual features into consideration, which are automatically extracted from image names, alternative names, page titles, surrounding texts, URLs, etc. Secondly, the Kohonen neural network model is introduced and led into the image retrieval process. Due to its self-organizing property, the cognitive knowledge is learned, accumulated, and solidified during the unsupervised training process. The architecture is presented to illustrate the main conceptual components and mechanism of the proposed image retrieval system. To demonstrate the superiority of the new IR system over other IR systems, the retrieval result of a test example is also given in the article.
Theme
Internet
Form
Bilder
Object
Kohonen-Netz
SOM

Similar documents (content)

  1. Subramanyam Rallabandi, V.P.; Sett, S.K.: Knowledge-based image retrieval system (2008) 0.44
    0.44138438 = sum of:
      0.44138438 = product of:
        1.1034609 = sum of:
          0.022403859 = weight(abstract_txt:approach in 266) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.022403859 = score(doc=266,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.07665286 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0357354 = boost
                3.741144 = idf(docFreq=2864, maxDocs=44421)
                0.019782227 = queryNorm
              0.29227686 = fieldWeight in 266, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.741144 = idf(docFreq=2864, maxDocs=44421)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=266)
          0.09480174 = weight(abstract_txt:unsupervised in 266) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.09480174 = score(doc=266,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.15916492 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0553422 = boost
                7.62393 = idf(docFreq=58, maxDocs=44421)
                0.019782227 = queryNorm
              0.59561956 = fieldWeight in 266, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                7.62393 = idf(docFreq=58, maxDocs=44421)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=266)
          0.05495914 = weight(abstract_txt:level in 266) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.05495914 = score(doc=266,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.11066148 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2444655 = boost
                4.4950905 = idf(docFreq=1347, maxDocs=44421)
                0.019782227 = queryNorm
              0.49664202 = fieldWeight in 266, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                4.4950905 = idf(docFreq=1347, maxDocs=44421)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=266)
          0.07251461 = weight(abstract_txt:proposed in 266) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.07251461 = score(doc=266,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.11629376 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2757419 = boost
                4.608063 = idf(docFreq=1203, maxDocs=44421)
                0.019782227 = queryNorm
              0.62354684 = fieldWeight in 266, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                4.608063 = idf(docFreq=1203, maxDocs=44421)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=266)
          0.07301169 = weight(abstract_txt:self in 266) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.07301169 = score(doc=266,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.16849025 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.5355784 = boost
                5.5466094 = idf(docFreq=470, maxDocs=44421)
                0.019782227 = queryNorm
              0.43332887 = fieldWeight in 266, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.5466094 = idf(docFreq=470, maxDocs=44421)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=266)
          0.09246679 = weight(abstract_txt:organizing in 266) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.09246679 = score(doc=266,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.1972288 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.6613832 = boost
                6.0010242 = idf(docFreq=298, maxDocs=44421)
                0.019782227 = queryNorm
              0.46883002 = fieldWeight in 266, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.0010242 = idf(docFreq=298, maxDocs=44421)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=266)
          0.039029706 = weight(abstract_txt:based in 266) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.039029706 = score(doc=266,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.110979654 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.7624682 = boost
                3.1830752 = idf(docFreq=5005, maxDocs=44421)
                0.019782227 = queryNorm
              0.35168344 = fieldWeight in 266, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                3.1830752 = idf(docFreq=5005, maxDocs=44421)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=266)
          0.08010979 = weight(abstract_txt:features in 266) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.08010979 = score(doc=266,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.22582926 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.5141416 = boost
                4.5406218 = idf(docFreq=1287, maxDocs=44421)
                0.019782227 = queryNorm
              0.3547361 = fieldWeight in 266, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.5406218 = idf(docFreq=1287, maxDocs=44421)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=266)
          0.10898456 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 266) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.10898456 = score(doc=266,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.23167123 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.3686407 = boost
                3.4765 = idf(docFreq=3732, maxDocs=44421)
                0.019782227 = queryNorm
              0.4704277 = fieldWeight in 266, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                3.4765 = idf(docFreq=3732, maxDocs=44421)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=266)
          0.4651791 = weight(abstract_txt:image in 266) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.4651791 = score(doc=266,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.5538549 = queryWeight, product of:
                5.2085476 = boost
                5.375318 = idf(docFreq=558, maxDocs=44421)
                0.019782227 = queryNorm
              0.83989346 = fieldWeight in 266, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                5.375318 = idf(docFreq=558, maxDocs=44421)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=266)
        0.4 = coord(10/25)
    
  2. Ayadi, H.; Torjmen-Khemakhem, M.; Daoud, M.; Xiangji Huang, J.; Ben Jemaa, M.: MF-Re-Rank : a modality feature-based re-ranking model for medical image retrieval (2018) 0.34
    0.344486 = sum of:
      0.344486 = product of:
        1.0765188 = sum of:
          0.015135333 = weight(abstract_txt:into in 459) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.015135333 = score(doc=459,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.07485873 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0235424 = boost
                3.697102 = idf(docFreq=2993, maxDocs=44421)
                0.019782227 = queryNorm
              0.20218527 = fieldWeight in 459, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.697102 = idf(docFreq=2993, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=459)
          0.031365402 = weight(abstract_txt:approach in 459) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.031365402 = score(doc=459,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.07665286 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0357354 = boost
                3.741144 = idf(docFreq=2864, maxDocs=44421)
                0.019782227 = queryNorm
              0.40918761 = fieldWeight in 459, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                3.741144 = idf(docFreq=2864, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=459)
          0.019880434 = weight(abstract_txt:process in 459) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.019880434 = score(doc=459,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.089783885 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1209438 = boost
                4.048922 = idf(docFreq=2105, maxDocs=44421)
                0.019782227 = queryNorm
              0.22142543 = fieldWeight in 459, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.048922 = idf(docFreq=2105, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=459)
          0.02930643 = weight(abstract_txt:proposed in 459) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.02930643 = score(doc=459,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.11629376 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2757419 = boost
                4.608063 = idf(docFreq=1203, maxDocs=44421)
                0.019782227 = queryNorm
              0.25200346 = fieldWeight in 459, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.608063 = idf(docFreq=1203, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=459)
          0.03863744 = weight(abstract_txt:based in 459) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.03863744 = score(doc=459,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.110979654 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.7624682 = boost
                3.1830752 = idf(docFreq=5005, maxDocs=44421)
                0.019782227 = queryNorm
              0.34814885 = fieldWeight in 459, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                3.1830752 = idf(docFreq=5005, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=459)
          0.112153694 = weight(abstract_txt:features in 459) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.112153694 = score(doc=459,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.22582926 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.5141416 = boost
                4.5406218 = idf(docFreq=1287, maxDocs=44421)
                0.019782227 = queryNorm
              0.4966305 = fieldWeight in 459, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                4.5406218 = idf(docFreq=1287, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=459)
          0.13928437 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 459) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.13928437 = score(doc=459,freq=10.0), product of:
              0.23167123 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.3686407 = boost
                3.4765 = idf(docFreq=3732, maxDocs=44421)
                0.019782227 = queryNorm
              0.60121566 = fieldWeight in 459, product of:
                3.1622777 = tf(freq=10.0), with freq of:
                  10.0 = termFreq=10.0
                3.4765 = idf(docFreq=3732, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=459)
          0.69075567 = weight(abstract_txt:image in 459) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.69075567 = score(doc=459,freq=18.0), product of:
              0.5538549 = queryWeight, product of:
                5.2085476 = boost
                5.375318 = idf(docFreq=558, maxDocs=44421)
                0.019782227 = queryNorm
              1.2471781 = fieldWeight in 459, product of:
                4.2426405 = tf(freq=18.0), with freq of:
                  18.0 = termFreq=18.0
                5.375318 = idf(docFreq=558, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=459)
        0.32 = coord(8/25)
    
  3. Semmar, N.; Fluhr, C.: ¬A neural approach to image interpretation and retrieval (1995) 0.31
    0.30868185 = sum of:
      0.30868185 = product of:
        1.2861744 = sum of:
          0.035846174 = weight(abstract_txt:approach in 5878) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.035846174 = score(doc=5878,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.07665286 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0357354 = boost
                3.741144 = idf(docFreq=2864, maxDocs=44421)
                0.019782227 = queryNorm
              0.467643 = fieldWeight in 5878, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.741144 = idf(docFreq=2864, maxDocs=44421)
                0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=5878)
          0.045440994 = weight(abstract_txt:process in 5878) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.045440994 = score(doc=5878,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.089783885 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1209438 = boost
                4.048922 = idf(docFreq=2105, maxDocs=44421)
                0.019782227 = queryNorm
              0.50611526 = fieldWeight in 5878, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.048922 = idf(docFreq=2105, maxDocs=44421)
                0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=5878)
          0.044157073 = weight(abstract_txt:based in 5878) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.044157073 = score(doc=5878,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.110979654 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.7624682 = boost
                3.1830752 = idf(docFreq=5005, maxDocs=44421)
                0.019782227 = queryNorm
              0.3978844 = fieldWeight in 5878, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.1830752 = idf(docFreq=5005, maxDocs=44421)
                0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=5878)
          0.22791685 = weight(abstract_txt:neural in 5878) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.22791685 = score(doc=5878,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.26307777 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.9187866 = boost
                6.930783 = idf(docFreq=117, maxDocs=44421)
                0.019782227 = queryNorm
              0.86634785 = fieldWeight in 5878, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.930783 = idf(docFreq=117, maxDocs=44421)
                0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=5878)
          0.10067563 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 5878) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.10067563 = score(doc=5878,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.23167123 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.3686407 = boost
                3.4765 = idf(docFreq=3732, maxDocs=44421)
                0.019782227 = queryNorm
              0.4345625 = fieldWeight in 5878, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.4765 = idf(docFreq=3732, maxDocs=44421)
                0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=5878)
          0.8321377 = weight(abstract_txt:image in 5878) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.8321377 = score(doc=5878,freq=5.0), product of:
              0.5538549 = queryWeight, product of:
                5.2085476 = boost
                5.375318 = idf(docFreq=558, maxDocs=44421)
                0.019782227 = queryNorm
              1.5024471 = fieldWeight in 5878, product of:
                2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                  5.0 = termFreq=5.0
                5.375318 = idf(docFreq=558, maxDocs=44421)
                0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=5878)
        0.24 = coord(6/25)
    
  4. Zhu, B.; Chen, H.: Validating a geographical image retrieval system (2000) 0.26
    0.25880823 = sum of:
      0.25880823 = product of:
        1.0783676 = sum of:
          0.022403859 = weight(abstract_txt:approach in 5769) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.022403859 = score(doc=5769,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.07665286 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0357354 = boost
                3.741144 = idf(docFreq=2864, maxDocs=44421)
                0.019782227 = queryNorm
              0.29227686 = fieldWeight in 5769, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.741144 = idf(docFreq=2864, maxDocs=44421)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5769)
          0.03886198 = weight(abstract_txt:level in 5769) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.03886198 = score(doc=5769,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.11066148 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2444655 = boost
                4.4950905 = idf(docFreq=1347, maxDocs=44421)
                0.019782227 = queryNorm
              0.35117894 = fieldWeight in 5769, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.4950905 = idf(docFreq=1347, maxDocs=44421)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5769)
          0.02759817 = weight(abstract_txt:based in 5769) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.02759817 = score(doc=5769,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.110979654 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.7624682 = boost
                3.1830752 = idf(docFreq=5005, maxDocs=44421)
                0.019782227 = queryNorm
              0.24867775 = fieldWeight in 5769, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.1830752 = idf(docFreq=5005, maxDocs=44421)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5769)
          0.113292344 = weight(abstract_txt:features in 5769) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.113292344 = score(doc=5769,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.22582926 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.5141416 = boost
                4.5406218 = idf(docFreq=1287, maxDocs=44421)
                0.019782227 = queryNorm
              0.50167257 = fieldWeight in 5769, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                4.5406218 = idf(docFreq=1287, maxDocs=44421)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5769)
          0.14069848 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 5769) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.14069848 = score(doc=5769,freq=5.0), product of:
              0.23167123 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.3686407 = boost
                3.4765 = idf(docFreq=3732, maxDocs=44421)
                0.019782227 = queryNorm
              0.6073196 = fieldWeight in 5769, product of:
                2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                  5.0 = termFreq=5.0
                3.4765 = idf(docFreq=3732, maxDocs=44421)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5769)
          0.73551273 = weight(abstract_txt:image in 5769) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.73551273 = score(doc=5769,freq=10.0), product of:
              0.5538549 = queryWeight, product of:
                5.2085476 = boost
                5.375318 = idf(docFreq=558, maxDocs=44421)
                0.019782227 = queryNorm
              1.3279881 = fieldWeight in 5769, product of:
                3.1622777 = tf(freq=10.0), with freq of:
                  10.0 = termFreq=10.0
                5.375318 = idf(docFreq=558, maxDocs=44421)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=5769)
        0.24 = coord(6/25)
    
  5. Ayadi, H.; Torjmen-Khemakhem, M.; Daoud, M.; Huang, J.X.; Jemaa, M.B.: Mining correlations between medically dependent features and image retrieval models for query classification (2017) 0.25
    0.2503932 = sum of:
      0.2503932 = product of:
        0.8942615 = sum of:
          0.017297523 = weight(abstract_txt:into in 4607) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.017297523 = score(doc=4607,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.07485873 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0235424 = boost
                3.697102 = idf(docFreq=2993, maxDocs=44421)
                0.019782227 = queryNorm
              0.23106888 = fieldWeight in 4607, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.697102 = idf(docFreq=2993, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4607)
          0.018772732 = weight(abstract_txt:article in 4607) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.018772732 = score(doc=4607,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.079056606 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0518497 = boost
                3.79935 = idf(docFreq=2702, maxDocs=44421)
                0.019782227 = queryNorm
              0.23745938 = fieldWeight in 4607, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.79935 = idf(docFreq=2702, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4607)
          0.047366343 = weight(abstract_txt:proposed in 4607) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.047366343 = score(doc=4607,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.11629376 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2757419 = boost
                4.608063 = idf(docFreq=1203, maxDocs=44421)
                0.019782227 = queryNorm
              0.4072991 = fieldWeight in 4607, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                4.608063 = idf(docFreq=1203, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4607)
          0.038241148 = weight(abstract_txt:based in 4607) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.038241148 = score(doc=4607,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.110979654 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.7624682 = boost
                3.1830752 = idf(docFreq=5005, maxDocs=44421)
                0.019782227 = queryNorm
              0.344578 = fieldWeight in 4607, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                3.1830752 = idf(docFreq=5005, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4607)
          0.15698248 = weight(abstract_txt:features in 4607) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.15698248 = score(doc=4607,freq=6.0), product of:
              0.22582926 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.5141416 = boost
                4.5406218 = idf(docFreq=1287, maxDocs=44421)
                0.019782227 = queryNorm
              0.6951379 = fieldWeight in 4607, product of:
                2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                  6.0 = termFreq=6.0
                4.5406218 = idf(docFreq=1287, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4607)
          0.12330197 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 4607) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.12330197 = score(doc=4607,freq=6.0), product of:
              0.23167123 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.3686407 = boost
                3.4765 = idf(docFreq=3732, maxDocs=44421)
                0.019782227 = queryNorm
              0.53222823 = fieldWeight in 4607, product of:
                2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                  6.0 = termFreq=6.0
                3.4765 = idf(docFreq=3732, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4607)
          0.49229926 = weight(abstract_txt:image in 4607) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.49229926 = score(doc=4607,freq=7.0), product of:
              0.5538549 = queryWeight, product of:
                5.2085476 = boost
                5.375318 = idf(docFreq=558, maxDocs=44421)
                0.019782227 = queryNorm
              0.8888596 = fieldWeight in 4607, product of:
                2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                  7.0 = termFreq=7.0
                5.375318 = idf(docFreq=558, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4607)
        0.28 = coord(7/25)