Document (#24015)

Author

Rothenberg, J.

Title

NEDLIB experiment using emulation to preserve digital publications

Source

Zeitschrift für Bibliothekswesen und Bibliographie. 48(2001) H.3/4, S.200-204

Year

2001

Abstract

The increasing use of digital technology to produce documents, records, databases, and publications has a serious flaw: there are no proven techniques for ensuring that digital information will remain accessible, readable, and usable in the future. Unless libraries, archives, government agencies, and other recordkeeping organizations find ways to ensure the longevity of digital artifacts, considerable amounts of valuable information may be lost forever. The library and archives communities now generally recognize that digital information must be copied to new storage media quite frequently, since such media become physically unreadable or obsolete within a few short years. But there is also a deeper problem: A digital document can be made intelligible and usable only by running appropriate software to correctly interpret and >>render<< the document's logical format. Without such software, trying to read a digital document is like trying to read hieroglyphics without a Rosetta Stone. But software - along with the hardware on which it runs - becomes obsolete at least as quickly as the media on which digital documents are stored. This paper discusses the results of a small study undertaken by RAND-Europe for the Koninklijke Bibliotheek (the National Library of the Netherlands, referred to here as the >>KB<<) to investigate one possible solution to this problem. Within the context oft he KB's role in the Networked European Deposit Library (NEDLIB) effort,' this study experimented with the feasibility of using emulation as a means of preserving digital publications in accessible, authentic, and usable form within a deposit library. That is, the study attempted to show that emulating obsolete computer hardware on future computer hardware can be used to confer longevity on digital publications by allowing their obsolete software to be run on future platforms

Form

Elektronische Dokumente

Similar documents (content)

1. Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Semantic Digital Archives held in conjunction with the 16th Int. Conference on Theory and Practice of Digital Libraries (TPDL) on September 27, 2012 in Paphos, Cyprus (2012) 0.30

   0.29925466 = sum of:
     0.29925466 = product of:
       0.74813664 = sum of:
         0.029551644 = weight(abstract_txt:accessible in 1468) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.029551644 = score(doc=1468,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.11563663 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2168405 = boost
               5.7825737 = idf(docFreq=371, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016433898 = queryNorm
             0.25555608 = fieldWeight in 1468, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.7825737 = idf(docFreq=371, maxDocs=44421)
               0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1468)
         0.06295221 = weight(abstract_txt:archives in 1468) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06295221 = score(doc=1468,freq=9.0), product of:
             0.1159607 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2185444 = boost
               5.790671 = idf(docFreq=368, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016433898 = queryNorm
             0.5428754 = fieldWeight in 1468, product of:
               3.0 = tf(freq=9.0), with freq of:
                 9.0 = termFreq=9.0
               5.790671 = idf(docFreq=368, maxDocs=44421)
               0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1468)
         0.017415801 = weight(abstract_txt:future in 1468) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.017415801 = score(doc=1468,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.093046576 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3368472 = boost
               4.23524 = idf(docFreq=1747, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016433898 = queryNorm
             0.18717293 = fieldWeight in 1468, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.23524 = idf(docFreq=1747, maxDocs=44421)
               0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1468)
         0.017168222 = weight(abstract_txt:library in 1468) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.017168222 = score(doc=1468,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.070333265 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.342089 = boost
               3.188885 = idf(docFreq=4976, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016433898 = queryNorm
             0.24409817 = fieldWeight in 1468, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               3.188885 = idf(docFreq=4976, maxDocs=44421)
               0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1468)
         0.030986156 = weight(abstract_txt:software in 1468) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.030986156 = score(doc=1468,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.13136078 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.8341455 = boost
               4.3580413 = idf(docFreq=1545, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016433898 = queryNorm
             0.2358859 = fieldWeight in 1468, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.3580413 = idf(docFreq=1545, maxDocs=44421)
               0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1468)
         0.08702666 = weight(abstract_txt:emulation in 1468) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.08702666 = score(doc=1468,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.2993316 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9577725 = boost
               9.303573 = idf(docFreq=10, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016433898 = queryNorm
             0.29073665 = fieldWeight in 1468, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               9.303573 = idf(docFreq=10, maxDocs=44421)
               0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1468)
         0.078011736 = weight(abstract_txt:hardware in 1468) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.078011736 = score(doc=1468,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.22087555 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.0597067 = boost
               6.5253177 = idf(docFreq=176, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016433898 = queryNorm
             0.35319316 = fieldWeight in 1468, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               6.5253177 = idf(docFreq=176, maxDocs=44421)
               0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1468)
         0.044497367 = weight(abstract_txt:publications in 1468) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.044497367 = score(doc=1468,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.1913994 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.2139673 = boost
               5.260521 = idf(docFreq=626, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016433898 = queryNorm
             0.23248437 = fieldWeight in 1468, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.260521 = idf(docFreq=626, maxDocs=44421)
               0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1468)
         0.1572413 = weight(abstract_txt:obsolete in 1468) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.1572413 = score(doc=1468,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.4440468 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.3722153 = boost
               8.0125885 = idf(docFreq=39, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016433898 = queryNorm
             0.35410973 = fieldWeight in 1468, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               8.0125885 = idf(docFreq=39, maxDocs=44421)
               0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1468)
         0.22328556 = weight(abstract_txt:digital in 1468) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.22328556 = score(doc=1468,freq=26.0), product of:
             0.32381004 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.553193 = boost
               4.3274655 = idf(docFreq=1593, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016433898 = queryNorm
             0.68955725 = fieldWeight in 1468, product of:
               5.0990195 = tf(freq=26.0), with freq of:
                 26.0 = termFreq=26.0
               4.3274655 = idf(docFreq=1593, maxDocs=44421)
               0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1468)
       0.4 = coord(10/25)
   

2. Hendley, T.: ¬The preservation of digital material (1996) 0.20

   0.19975533 = sum of:
     0.19975533 = product of:
       0.71341187 = sum of:
         0.022600086 = weight(abstract_txt:study in 5153) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.022600086 = score(doc=5153,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.06050289 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0780021 = boost
               3.415198 = idf(docFreq=3968, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016433898 = queryNorm
             0.3735373 = fieldWeight in 5153, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.415198 = idf(docFreq=3968, maxDocs=44421)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=5153)
         0.07344425 = weight(abstract_txt:archives in 5153) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07344425 = score(doc=5153,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1159607 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2185444 = boost
               5.790671 = idf(docFreq=368, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016433898 = queryNorm
             0.6333546 = fieldWeight in 5153, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.790671 = idf(docFreq=368, maxDocs=44421)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=5153)
         0.03469227 = weight(abstract_txt:library in 5153) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.03469227 = score(doc=5153,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.070333265 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.342089 = boost
               3.188885 = idf(docFreq=4976, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016433898 = queryNorm
             0.49325547 = fieldWeight in 5153, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.188885 = idf(docFreq=4976, maxDocs=44421)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=5153)
         0.074207276 = weight(abstract_txt:media in 5153) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.074207276 = score(doc=5153,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.13365968 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6022556 = boost
               5.076075 = idf(docFreq=753, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016433898 = queryNorm
             0.5551957 = fieldWeight in 5153, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.076075 = idf(docFreq=753, maxDocs=44421)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=5153)
         0.18159369 = weight(abstract_txt:deposit in 5153) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.18159369 = score(doc=5153,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.2120343 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6477412 = boost
               7.8302665 = idf(docFreq=47, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016433898 = queryNorm
             0.8564354 = fieldWeight in 5153, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.8302665 = idf(docFreq=47, maxDocs=44421)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=5153)
         0.11012537 = weight(abstract_txt:publications in 5153) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.11012537 = score(doc=5153,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1913994 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.2139673 = boost
               5.260521 = idf(docFreq=626, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016433898 = queryNorm
             0.5753695 = fieldWeight in 5153, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.260521 = idf(docFreq=626, maxDocs=44421)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=5153)
         0.21674894 = weight(abstract_txt:digital in 5153) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.21674894 = score(doc=5153,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.32381004 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.553193 = boost
               4.3274655 = idf(docFreq=1593, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016433898 = queryNorm
             0.66937065 = fieldWeight in 5153, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               4.3274655 = idf(docFreq=1593, maxDocs=44421)
               0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=5153)
       0.28 = coord(7/25)
   

3. Acker, A.: Emulation practices for software preservation in libraries, archives, and museums (2021) 0.16

   0.15599632 = sum of:
     0.15599632 = product of:
       0.7799816 = sum of:
         0.04196814 = weight(abstract_txt:archives in 1335) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.04196814 = score(doc=1335,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1159607 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2185444 = boost
               5.790671 = idf(docFreq=368, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016433898 = queryNorm
             0.36191693 = fieldWeight in 1335, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.790671 = idf(docFreq=368, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1335)
         0.014017793 = weight(abstract_txt:library in 1335) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.014017793 = score(doc=1335,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.070333265 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.342089 = boost
               3.188885 = idf(docFreq=4976, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016433898 = queryNorm
             0.19930531 = fieldWeight in 1335, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.188885 = idf(docFreq=4976, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1335)
         0.080005914 = weight(abstract_txt:software in 1335) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.080005914 = score(doc=1335,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.13136078 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.8341455 = boost
               4.3580413 = idf(docFreq=1545, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016433898 = queryNorm
             0.6090548 = fieldWeight in 1335, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               4.3580413 = idf(docFreq=1545, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1335)
         0.49229714 = weight(abstract_txt:emulation in 1335) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.49229714 = score(doc=1335,freq=8.0), product of:
             0.2993316 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.9577725 = boost
               9.303573 = idf(docFreq=10, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016433898 = queryNorm
             1.6446548 = fieldWeight in 1335, product of:
               2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
                 8.0 = termFreq=8.0
               9.303573 = idf(docFreq=10, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1335)
         0.15169266 = weight(abstract_txt:digital in 1335) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.15169266 = score(doc=1335,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.32381004 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.553193 = boost
               4.3274655 = idf(docFreq=1593, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016433898 = queryNorm
             0.46846187 = fieldWeight in 1335, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.3274655 = idf(docFreq=1593, maxDocs=44421)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1335)
       0.2 = coord(5/25)
   

4. Beaney, S.; Carpenter, L.: ¬La description et la recherche des documents electroniques (1997) 0.15

   0.15019478 = sum of:
     0.15019478 = product of:
       0.6258116 = sum of:
         0.047714315 = weight(abstract_txt:within in 1932) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.047714315 = score(doc=1932,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.09109067 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3227218 = boost
               4.19049 = idf(docFreq=1827, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016433898 = queryNorm
             0.5238112 = fieldWeight in 1932, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.19049 = idf(docFreq=1827, maxDocs=44421)
               0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=1932)
         0.049259324 = weight(abstract_txt:future in 1932) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.049259324 = score(doc=1932,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.093046576 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.3368472 = boost
               4.23524 = idf(docFreq=1747, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016433898 = queryNorm
             0.529405 = fieldWeight in 1932, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.23524 = idf(docFreq=1747, maxDocs=44421)
               0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=1932)
         0.028035587 = weight(abstract_txt:library in 1932) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.028035587 = score(doc=1932,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.070333265 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.342089 = boost
               3.188885 = idf(docFreq=4976, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016433898 = queryNorm
             0.39861062 = fieldWeight in 1932, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.188885 = idf(docFreq=4976, maxDocs=44421)
               0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=1932)
         0.07155947 = weight(abstract_txt:software in 1932) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.07155947 = score(doc=1932,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.13136078 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.8341455 = boost
               4.3580413 = idf(docFreq=1545, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016433898 = queryNorm
             0.54475516 = fieldWeight in 1932, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.3580413 = idf(docFreq=1545, maxDocs=44421)
               0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=1932)
         0.12585756 = weight(abstract_txt:publications in 1932) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.12585756 = score(doc=1932,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1913994 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.2139673 = boost
               5.260521 = idf(docFreq=626, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016433898 = queryNorm
             0.6575651 = fieldWeight in 1932, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.260521 = idf(docFreq=626, maxDocs=44421)
               0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=1932)
         0.30338532 = weight(abstract_txt:digital in 1932) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.30338532 = score(doc=1932,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.32381004 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.553193 = boost
               4.3274655 = idf(docFreq=1593, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016433898 = queryNorm
             0.93692374 = fieldWeight in 1932, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.3274655 = idf(docFreq=1593, maxDocs=44421)
               0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=1932)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)
   

5. Steenbakkers, J.F.: NEDLIB Guidelines for setting up a deposit system for electronic publications (2001) 0.15

   0.14696199 = sum of:
     0.14696199 = product of:
       0.61234164 = sum of:
         0.016142918 = weight(abstract_txt:study in 4) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.016142918 = score(doc=4,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.06050289 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0780021 = boost
               3.415198 = idf(docFreq=3968, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016433898 = queryNorm
             0.26681235 = fieldWeight in 4, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.415198 = idf(docFreq=3968, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4)
         0.052460175 = weight(abstract_txt:archives in 4) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.052460175 = score(doc=4,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1159607 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.2185444 = boost
               5.790671 = idf(docFreq=368, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016433898 = queryNorm
             0.45239615 = fieldWeight in 4, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.790671 = idf(docFreq=368, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4)
         0.017522242 = weight(abstract_txt:library in 4) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.017522242 = score(doc=4,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.070333265 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.342089 = boost
               3.188885 = idf(docFreq=4976, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016433898 = queryNorm
             0.24913163 = fieldWeight in 4, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.188885 = idf(docFreq=4976, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4)
         0.25941953 = weight(abstract_txt:deposit in 4) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.25941953 = score(doc=4,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.2120343 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.6477412 = boost
               7.8302665 = idf(docFreq=47, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016433898 = queryNorm
             1.2234792 = fieldWeight in 4, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               7.8302665 = idf(docFreq=47, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4)
         0.15732196 = weight(abstract_txt:publications in 4) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.15732196 = score(doc=4,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.1913994 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.2139673 = boost
               5.260521 = idf(docFreq=626, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016433898 = queryNorm
             0.8219564 = fieldWeight in 4, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               5.260521 = idf(docFreq=626, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4)
         0.10947475 = weight(abstract_txt:digital in 4) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.10947475 = score(doc=4,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.32381004 = queryWeight, product of:
               4.553193 = boost
               4.3274655 = idf(docFreq=1593, maxDocs=44421)
               0.016433898 = queryNorm
             0.33808324 = fieldWeight in 4, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.3274655 = idf(docFreq=1593, maxDocs=44421)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)