Document (#23952)

Title

¬Das Internet vergrößert die Wissenskluft

Source

Wechselwirkung. 23(2001) Nr.110, S.96

Year

2001

Abstract

Das Internet spaltet die Gesellschaft: Die Kluft zwischen gut informierten Viellesern und passiven Medienverweigerern wächst mit dem neuen Medium schneller. Die neueste Studie der Mainzer Stiftung Lesen über das Leseverhalten der Deutschen ist ein weiterer Beleg für dieses Phänomen, das die Fachleute "Wissenskluft" nennen. Das Phänomen ist nicht neu, Kommunikationsforscher warnen schon seit Jahren davor. Doch mit der rasanten Verbreitung des Internets gewinnt der Prozeß an Dynamik. Auf der einen Seite des Grabens stehen gut informierte Menschen, die viel und regelmäßig lesen und neben gedruckten auch die elektronischen Medien wie Radio, Fernsehen und Internet ausgiebig nutzen. Auf der anderen Seite stehen Menschen, die selten ein Buch oder eine Zeitung in die Hand nehmen und sich vom Fernsehen lieber berieseln als informieren lassen. Wer aber in der neuen Medienwelt dabei sein will, muß viel Geld ausgeben. Wissenschaftler wie der Medienforscher Siegfried Weischenberg warnen daher vor einer Teilung der Gesellschaft in zwei Gruppen: Die einen, die sich den Anschluß ans digitale Zeitalter leisten können, und die anderen, die den Anschluß verlieren. Weischenberg erklärt: "Die Gefahr einer Wissenskluft ist groß. Bei zunehmender Bedeutung der neuen Medien profitieren diejenigen, die ohnehin schon privilegiert, wohlhabend und gebildet sind. Die Übrigen drohen zu Verlierern der Informationsgesellschaft zu werden. " Nach einer Studie der Gesellschaft für Konsumforschung (GfK) verdienen über die Hälfte der deutschen OnlineNutzer mehr als 4 000 Mark netto im Monat. Wissen läßt sich als die Fähigkeit eines Menschen begreifen, selbst etwas in Gang zu setzen. Im digitalen Zeitalter ist die Kompetenz bei der Auswahl, Bewertung und zweckorientierten Nutzung der hiformationen, die entscheidende Schlüsselqualifikation für den Wissenserwerb. Nur wer über diese "Medienkompetenz" verfügt, ist in der Lage, der sogenannten Informationsflut zu begegnen. Nur der kann gewonnene Erkenntnisse in soziales und politisches Handeln einfließen lassen. Die so gern attestierte "digitale Spaltung" der Gesellschaft tritt dabei nicht nur als eine materielle Frage des Zugangs auf, sondern vor allem als eine soziale und kulturelle Frage der Aneignung neuer Medien durch ihre Nutzer. Daher entscheiden soziale Herkunft, Bildungsgrad, Geschlecht und Alter über Informationsarmut oder -reichtum. Das bestätigt auch ein Bericht der OECD. Er faßt die Ergebnisse sechsjähriger Studien in 20 Ländern zusammen ("Literacy In The Information Age"). Dazu hatte man eine repräsentative Auswahl der Erwerbsbevölkerung in ihrem Heim geprüft. Es sollte festgestellt werden, ob die Befragten die nötigen Kompetenzen besitzen, um in der "Wissensökonomie" von morgen effizient und erfolgreich zu sein. Die OECD spricht von der "ersten zuverlässigen und international vergleichbaren Studie" dieser Art

Theme

Internet

Field

Kommunikationswissenschaften

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5. Klaus, H.: ¬Das Internet als Recherchemethode im Medizin-Journalismus : Meinung und Akzeptanz der Wissenschaftsjournalisten (2000) 0.13

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