Document (#2363)

Author
Rada, R.
You, G.-N.
Title
Balanced outlines and hypertext
Source
Journal of documentation. 48(1992) no.1, S.20-44
Year
1992
Abstract
Navigation problems in a hypertext migth be reduced, if mutiple, coherent views of the hypertext were available. Document outlines help readers appreciate the structure and meaning of the document. Proposes measures of syntactic and lexical balance in an outline and show in a sample of documents the degree to which these balances occur. Based on balance in an outline, a method for semi-automatically generating an alternative outline is applied to one textbook. The textbook with both its original and its alternative outline is availbale in hypertext, and subjects who were asked to evaluate this hypertext noted that the alternative outline would help readers compare concepts in the textbook
Theme
Hypertext

Similar documents (author)

  1. Rada, R.: Writing and reading hypertext : an overview (1989) 5.11
    5.1094418 = sum of:
      5.1094418 = weight(author_txt:rada in 737) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        5.1094418 = fieldWeight in 737, product of:
          1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
            1.0 = termFreq=1.0
          8.175107 = idf(docFreq=33, maxDocs=44421)
          0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=737)
    
  2. Rada, R.: Connecting and evaluating thesauri : issues and cases (1987) 5.11
    5.1094418 = sum of:
      5.1094418 = weight(author_txt:rada in 822) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        5.1094418 = fieldWeight in 822, product of:
          1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
            1.0 = termFreq=1.0
          8.175107 = idf(docFreq=33, maxDocs=44421)
          0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=822)
    
  3. Rada, R.: Maintaining thesauri and metathesauri (1990) 5.11
    5.1094418 = sum of:
      5.1094418 = weight(author_txt:rada in 2222) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        5.1094418 = fieldWeight in 2222, product of:
          1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
            1.0 = termFreq=1.0
          8.175107 = idf(docFreq=33, maxDocs=44421)
          0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=2222)
    
  4. Rada, R.: Small, medium, and large hypertext (1991) 5.11
    5.1094418 = sum of:
      5.1094418 = weight(author_txt:rada in 3833) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        5.1094418 = fieldWeight in 3833, product of:
          1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
            1.0 = termFreq=1.0
          8.175107 = idf(docFreq=33, maxDocs=44421)
          0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=3833)
    
  5. Rada, R.: ¬The GALEN dream (1992) 5.11
    5.1094418 = sum of:
      5.1094418 = weight(author_txt:rada in 4250) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        5.1094418 = fieldWeight in 4250, product of:
          1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
            1.0 = termFreq=1.0
          8.175107 = idf(docFreq=33, maxDocs=44421)
          0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=4250)
    

Similar documents (content)

  1. Heo, M.; Hirtle, S.C.: ¬An empirical comparison of visualization tools to assist information retrieval on the Web (2001) 0.14
    0.1426321 = sum of:
      0.1426321 = product of:
        0.50940037 = sum of:
          0.019942807 = weight(abstract_txt:compare in 215) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.019942807 = score(doc=215,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.07583504 = queryWeight, product of:
                5.6101575 = idf(docFreq=441, maxDocs=44421)
                0.013517453 = queryNorm
              0.26297614 = fieldWeight in 215, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.6101575 = idf(docFreq=441, maxDocs=44421)
                0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=215)
          0.023404928 = weight(abstract_txt:navigation in 215) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.023404928 = score(doc=215,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.08437568 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0548086 = boost
                5.9176426 = idf(docFreq=324, maxDocs=44421)
                0.013517453 = queryNorm
              0.2773895 = fieldWeight in 215, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.9176426 = idf(docFreq=324, maxDocs=44421)
                0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=215)
          0.023515131 = weight(abstract_txt:views in 215) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.023515131 = score(doc=215,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.08464033 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0564616 = boost
                5.926916 = idf(docFreq=321, maxDocs=44421)
                0.013517453 = queryNorm
              0.2778242 = fieldWeight in 215, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.926916 = idf(docFreq=321, maxDocs=44421)
                0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=215)
          0.024916159 = weight(abstract_txt:were in 215) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.024916159 = score(doc=215,freq=5.0), product of:
              0.06481663 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3074445 = boost
                3.6674848 = idf(docFreq=3083, maxDocs=44421)
                0.013517453 = queryNorm
              0.38440996 = fieldWeight in 215, product of:
                2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                  5.0 = termFreq=5.0
                3.6674848 = idf(docFreq=3083, maxDocs=44421)
                0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=215)
          0.03577278 = weight(abstract_txt:document in 215) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.03577278 = score(doc=215,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.08885957 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.5308483 = boost
                4.29415 = idf(docFreq=1647, maxDocs=44421)
                0.013517453 = queryNorm
              0.40257657 = fieldWeight in 215, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                4.29415 = idf(docFreq=1647, maxDocs=44421)
                0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=215)
          0.10350897 = weight(abstract_txt:hypertext in 215) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.10350897 = score(doc=215,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.3887357 = queryWeight, product of:
                5.0626426 = boost
                5.6804442 = idf(docFreq=411, maxDocs=44421)
                0.013517453 = queryNorm
              0.26627082 = fieldWeight in 215, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.6804442 = idf(docFreq=411, maxDocs=44421)
                0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=215)
          0.2783396 = weight(abstract_txt:outline in 215) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.2783396 = score(doc=215,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.5212091 = queryWeight, product of:
                5.8621383 = boost
                6.5775037 = idf(docFreq=167, maxDocs=44421)
                0.013517453 = queryNorm
              0.53402674 = fieldWeight in 215, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                6.5775037 = idf(docFreq=167, maxDocs=44421)
                0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=215)
        0.28 = coord(7/25)
    
  2. Botafogo, R.A.; Shneiderman, B.; Rivlin, E.: Structural analysis of hypertexts identifying hierarchies and useful metrics (1992) 0.12
    0.12225368 = sum of:
      0.12225368 = product of:
        0.6112684 = sum of:
          0.034110725 = weight(abstract_txt:degree in 4026) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.034110725 = score(doc=4026,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.077156745 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0086766 = boost
                5.658835 = idf(docFreq=420, maxDocs=44421)
                0.013517453 = queryNorm
              0.44209647 = fieldWeight in 4026, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.658835 = idf(docFreq=420, maxDocs=44421)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4026)
          0.039191887 = weight(abstract_txt:views in 4026) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.039191887 = score(doc=4026,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.08464033 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0564616 = boost
                5.926916 = idf(docFreq=321, maxDocs=44421)
                0.013517453 = queryNorm
              0.46304032 = fieldWeight in 4026, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.926916 = idf(docFreq=321, maxDocs=44421)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4026)
          0.02981065 = weight(abstract_txt:document in 4026) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.02981065 = score(doc=4026,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.08885957 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.5308483 = boost
                4.29415 = idf(docFreq=1647, maxDocs=44421)
                0.013517453 = queryNorm
              0.33548045 = fieldWeight in 4026, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.29415 = idf(docFreq=1647, maxDocs=44421)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4026)
          0.08558146 = weight(abstract_txt:readers in 4026) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.08558146 = score(doc=4026,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.17949115 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.1757128 = boost
                6.1030455 = idf(docFreq=269, maxDocs=44421)
                0.013517453 = queryNorm
              0.47680044 = fieldWeight in 4026, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.1030455 = idf(docFreq=269, maxDocs=44421)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4026)
          0.42257366 = weight(abstract_txt:hypertext in 4026) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.42257366 = score(doc=4026,freq=6.0), product of:
              0.3887357 = queryWeight, product of:
                5.0626426 = boost
                5.6804442 = idf(docFreq=411, maxDocs=44421)
                0.013517453 = queryNorm
              1.0870461 = fieldWeight in 4026, product of:
                2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                  6.0 = termFreq=6.0
                5.6804442 = idf(docFreq=411, maxDocs=44421)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4026)
        0.2 = coord(5/25)
    
  3. Morrell, K.; Trigg, R.H.: From books to workstations : problems in developing a computer-based curriculum in the humanities (1989) 0.10
    0.10160654 = sum of:
      0.10160654 = product of:
        1.2700818 = sum of:
          0.6845466 = weight(abstract_txt:textbook in 5767) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.6845466 = score(doc=5767,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.45843896 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.258596 = boost
                7.963798 = idf(docFreq=41, maxDocs=44421)
                0.013517453 = queryNorm
              1.4932121 = fieldWeight in 5767, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                7.963798 = idf(docFreq=41, maxDocs=44421)
                0.1875 = fieldNorm(doc=5767)
          0.5855352 = weight(abstract_txt:hypertext in 5767) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.5855352 = score(doc=5767,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.3887357 = queryWeight, product of:
                5.0626426 = boost
                5.6804442 = idf(docFreq=411, maxDocs=44421)
                0.013517453 = queryNorm
              1.5062553 = fieldWeight in 5767, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                5.6804442 = idf(docFreq=411, maxDocs=44421)
                0.1875 = fieldNorm(doc=5767)
        0.08 = coord(2/25)
    
  4. Rada, R.; Liu, Z.; Zheng, M.: Connecting educational information spaces (1997) 0.09
    0.09086383 = sum of:
      0.09086383 = product of:
        0.75719863 = sum of:
          0.022285689 = weight(abstract_txt:were in 1313) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.022285689 = score(doc=1313,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.06481663 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3074445 = boost
                3.6674848 = idf(docFreq=3083, maxDocs=44421)
                0.013517453 = queryNorm
              0.3438267 = fieldWeight in 1313, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.6674848 = idf(docFreq=3083, maxDocs=44421)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1313)
          0.05036634 = weight(abstract_txt:help in 1313) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.05036634 = score(doc=1313,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.11162531 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.7157791 = boost
                4.8128953 = idf(docFreq=980, maxDocs=44421)
                0.013517453 = queryNorm
              0.45120895 = fieldWeight in 1313, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.8128953 = idf(docFreq=980, maxDocs=44421)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1313)
          0.6845466 = weight(abstract_txt:textbook in 1313) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.6845466 = score(doc=1313,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.45843896 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.258596 = boost
                7.963798 = idf(docFreq=41, maxDocs=44421)
                0.013517453 = queryNorm
              1.4932121 = fieldWeight in 1313, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                7.963798 = idf(docFreq=41, maxDocs=44421)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1313)
        0.12 = coord(3/25)
    
  5. Treloar, A.E.: Classifying Internet access tools : a user-centered approach (1994) 0.08
    0.082184635 = sum of:
      0.082184635 = product of:
        0.513654 = sum of:
          0.046809856 = weight(abstract_txt:navigation in 1846) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.046809856 = score(doc=1846,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.08437568 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0548086 = boost
                5.9176426 = idf(docFreq=324, maxDocs=44421)
                0.013517453 = queryNorm
              0.554779 = fieldWeight in 1846, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.9176426 = idf(docFreq=324, maxDocs=44421)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1846)
          0.03577278 = weight(abstract_txt:document in 1846) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.03577278 = score(doc=1846,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.08885957 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.5308483 = boost
                4.29415 = idf(docFreq=1647, maxDocs=44421)
                0.013517453 = queryNorm
              0.40257657 = fieldWeight in 1846, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.29415 = idf(docFreq=1647, maxDocs=44421)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1846)
          0.10967244 = weight(abstract_txt:alternative in 1846) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.10967244 = score(doc=1846,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.21466662 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.9141233 = boost
                5.4495635 = idf(docFreq=518, maxDocs=44421)
                0.013517453 = queryNorm
              0.51089656 = fieldWeight in 1846, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.4495635 = idf(docFreq=518, maxDocs=44421)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1846)
          0.3213989 = weight(abstract_txt:outline in 1846) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.3213989 = score(doc=1846,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.5212091 = queryWeight, product of:
                5.8621383 = boost
                6.5775037 = idf(docFreq=167, maxDocs=44421)
                0.013517453 = queryNorm
              0.616641 = fieldWeight in 1846, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.5775037 = idf(docFreq=167, maxDocs=44421)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=1846)
        0.16 = coord(4/25)