Document (#19037)

Author
Bookstein, A.
Wright, B.
Title
Ambiguity in measurement
Source
Scientometrics. 40(1997) no.3, S.369-384
Year
1997
Abstract
Gives an overview of the role of ambiguity in measurement and explores analytical methods for exploring its impact. Argues that certain functional forms are more resilient than others to problems of ambiguity, and that these should be preferred when ambiguity is a serious concern
Footnote
Extends the keynote address delivered at the 6th conference of the International Society for Scientometrics and Informetrics, Jerusalem, 16-19 June 1997
Theme
Informetrie

Similar documents (author)

  1. Bookstein, A.: Probability and Fuzzy-set applications to information retrieval (1985) 1.91
    1.9112538 = sum of:
      1.9112538 = product of:
        3.8225076 = sum of:
          3.8225076 = weight(author_txt:bookstein in 780) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            3.8225076 = score(doc=780,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.7139892 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0098298 = boost
                8.565973 = idf(docFreq=22, maxDocs=44421)
                0.08254043 = queryNorm
              5.353733 = fieldWeight in 780, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                8.565973 = idf(docFreq=22, maxDocs=44421)
                0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=780)
        0.5 = coord(1/2)
    
  2. Bookstein, A.: Relevance (1979) 1.91
    1.9112538 = sum of:
      1.9112538 = product of:
        3.8225076 = sum of:
          3.8225076 = weight(author_txt:bookstein in 838) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            3.8225076 = score(doc=838,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.7139892 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0098298 = boost
                8.565973 = idf(docFreq=22, maxDocs=44421)
                0.08254043 = queryNorm
              5.353733 = fieldWeight in 838, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                8.565973 = idf(docFreq=22, maxDocs=44421)
                0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=838)
        0.5 = coord(1/2)
    
  3. Bookstein, A.: Fuzzy requests : an approach to weighted Boolean searches (1979) 1.91
    1.9112538 = sum of:
      1.9112538 = product of:
        3.8225076 = sum of:
          3.8225076 = weight(author_txt:bookstein in 5503) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            3.8225076 = score(doc=5503,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.7139892 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0098298 = boost
                8.565973 = idf(docFreq=22, maxDocs=44421)
                0.08254043 = queryNorm
              5.353733 = fieldWeight in 5503, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                8.565973 = idf(docFreq=22, maxDocs=44421)
                0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=5503)
        0.5 = coord(1/2)
    
  4. Bookstein, A.: Informetric distributions : I. Unified overview (1990) 1.91
    1.9112538 = sum of:
      1.9112538 = product of:
        3.8225076 = sum of:
          3.8225076 = weight(author_txt:bookstein in 6901) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            3.8225076 = score(doc=6901,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.7139892 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0098298 = boost
                8.565973 = idf(docFreq=22, maxDocs=44421)
                0.08254043 = queryNorm
              5.353733 = fieldWeight in 6901, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                8.565973 = idf(docFreq=22, maxDocs=44421)
                0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=6901)
        0.5 = coord(1/2)
    
  5. Bookstein, A.: ¬The bibliometric distributions (1976) 1.91
    1.9112538 = sum of:
      1.9112538 = product of:
        3.8225076 = sum of:
          3.8225076 = weight(author_txt:bookstein in 5129) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            3.8225076 = score(doc=5129,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.7139892 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0098298 = boost
                8.565973 = idf(docFreq=22, maxDocs=44421)
                0.08254043 = queryNorm
              5.353733 = fieldWeight in 5129, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                8.565973 = idf(docFreq=22, maxDocs=44421)
                0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=5129)
        0.5 = coord(1/2)
    

Similar documents (content)

  1. Bookstein, A.: Informetric distributions : III. Ambiguity (1997) 0.28
    0.27881774 = sum of:
      0.27881774 = product of:
        1.3940887 = sum of:
          0.018474292 = weight(abstract_txt:more in 6557) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.018474292 = score(doc=6557,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.043517165 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0670322 = boost
                3.3962307 = idf(docFreq=4044, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01200842 = queryNorm
              0.42452884 = fieldWeight in 6557, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.3962307 = idf(docFreq=4044, maxDocs=44421)
                0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=6557)
          0.012475672 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 6557) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.012475672 = score(doc=6557,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.042202163 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.4860369 = boost
                2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01200842 = queryNorm
              0.2956169 = fieldWeight in 6557, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
                0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=6557)
          0.07648641 = weight(abstract_txt:forms in 6557) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.07648641 = score(doc=6557,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.112203114 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.7133642 = boost
                5.453425 = idf(docFreq=516, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01200842 = queryNorm
              0.6816781 = fieldWeight in 6557, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.453425 = idf(docFreq=516, maxDocs=44421)
                0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=6557)
          0.09355497 = weight(abstract_txt:functional in 6557) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.09355497 = score(doc=6557,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.12832955 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.8323591 = boost
                5.8321705 = idf(docFreq=353, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01200842 = queryNorm
              0.7290213 = fieldWeight in 6557, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.8321705 = idf(docFreq=353, maxDocs=44421)
                0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=6557)
          1.1930974 = weight(abstract_txt:ambiguity in 6557) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            1.1930974 = score(doc=6557,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.7709844 = queryWeight, product of:
                8.982558 = boost
                7.1475906 = idf(docFreq=94, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01200842 = queryNorm
              1.5474987 = fieldWeight in 6557, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                7.1475906 = idf(docFreq=94, maxDocs=44421)
                0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=6557)
        0.2 = coord(5/25)
    
  2. Rajan, L.: Ambiguity in knowledge organization : four proposed types (2017) 0.24
    0.23774785 = sum of:
      0.23774785 = product of:
        0.9906161 = sum of:
          0.013169393 = weight(abstract_txt:these in 4872) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.013169393 = score(doc=4872,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.038221303 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.1828754 = idf(docFreq=5006, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01200842 = queryNorm
              0.34455636 = fieldWeight in 4872, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                3.1828754 = idf(docFreq=5006, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4872)
          0.009237146 = weight(abstract_txt:more in 4872) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.009237146 = score(doc=4872,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.043517165 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0670322 = boost
                3.3962307 = idf(docFreq=4044, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01200842 = queryNorm
              0.21226442 = fieldWeight in 4872, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.3962307 = idf(docFreq=4044, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4872)
          0.013909512 = weight(abstract_txt:than in 4872) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.013909512 = score(doc=4872,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.057171118 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2230257 = boost
                3.8927383 = idf(docFreq=2461, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01200842 = queryNorm
              0.24329615 = fieldWeight in 4872, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.8927383 = idf(docFreq=2461, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4872)
          0.029108625 = weight(abstract_txt:when in 4872) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.029108625 = score(doc=4872,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.0648549 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3026227 = boost
                4.1460857 = idf(docFreq=1910, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01200842 = queryNorm
              0.44882694 = fieldWeight in 4872, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                4.1460857 = idf(docFreq=1910, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4872)
          0.013948226 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 4872) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.013948226 = score(doc=4872,freq=5.0), product of:
              0.042202163 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.4860369 = boost
                2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01200842 = queryNorm
              0.33050975 = fieldWeight in 4872, product of:
                2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                  5.0 = termFreq=5.0
                2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4872)
          0.9112432 = weight(abstract_txt:ambiguity in 4872) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.9112432 = score(doc=4872,freq=7.0), product of:
              0.7709844 = queryWeight, product of:
                8.982558 = boost
                7.1475906 = idf(docFreq=94, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01200842 = queryNorm
              1.1819217 = fieldWeight in 4872, product of:
                2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                  7.0 = termFreq=7.0
                7.1475906 = idf(docFreq=94, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=4872)
        0.24 = coord(6/25)
    
  3. Hazrina, S.; Sharef, N.M.; Ibrahim, H.; Murad, M.A.A.; Noah, S.A.M.: Review on the advancements of disambiguation in semantic question answering system (2017) 0.18
    0.18087116 = sum of:
      0.18087116 = product of:
        0.90435576 = sum of:
          0.0080825025 = weight(abstract_txt:more in 4292) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.0080825025 = score(doc=4292,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.043517165 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0670322 = boost
                3.3962307 = idf(docFreq=4044, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01200842 = queryNorm
              0.18573137 = fieldWeight in 4292, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.3962307 = idf(docFreq=4044, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4292)
          0.012170823 = weight(abstract_txt:than in 4292) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.012170823 = score(doc=4292,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.057171118 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2230257 = boost
                3.8927383 = idf(docFreq=2461, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01200842 = queryNorm
              0.21288413 = fieldWeight in 4292, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.8927383 = idf(docFreq=2461, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4292)
          0.020796208 = weight(abstract_txt:when in 4292) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.020796208 = score(doc=4292,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.0648549 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3026227 = boost
                4.1460857 = idf(docFreq=1910, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01200842 = queryNorm
              0.32065746 = fieldWeight in 4292, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                4.1460857 = idf(docFreq=1910, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4292)
          0.0109162135 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 4292) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.0109162135 = score(doc=4292,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.042202163 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.4860369 = boost
                2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01200842 = queryNorm
              0.2586648 = fieldWeight in 4292, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4292)
          0.85239 = weight(abstract_txt:ambiguity in 4292) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.85239 = score(doc=4292,freq=8.0), product of:
              0.7709844 = queryWeight, product of:
                8.982558 = boost
                7.1475906 = idf(docFreq=94, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01200842 = queryNorm
              1.1055865 = fieldWeight in 4292, product of:
                2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
                  8.0 = termFreq=8.0
                7.1475906 = idf(docFreq=94, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4292)
        0.2 = coord(5/25)
    
  4. Meadow, C.T.: Reporting information about studies of information (1995) 0.17
    0.16824475 = sum of:
      0.16824475 = product of:
        0.8412237 = sum of:
          0.025208808 = weight(abstract_txt:when in 4072) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.025208808 = score(doc=4072,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.0648549 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3026227 = boost
                4.1460857 = idf(docFreq=1910, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01200842 = queryNorm
              0.38869554 = fieldWeight in 4072, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.1460857 = idf(docFreq=1910, maxDocs=44421)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=4072)
          0.009356755 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 4072) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.009356755 = score(doc=4072,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.042202163 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.4860369 = boost
                2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01200842 = queryNorm
              0.22171268 = fieldWeight in 4072, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=4072)
          0.055378255 = weight(abstract_txt:others in 4072) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.055378255 = score(doc=4072,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.10959752 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.6933534 = boost
                5.389733 = idf(docFreq=550, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01200842 = queryNorm
              0.50528747 = fieldWeight in 4072, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.389733 = idf(docFreq=550, maxDocs=44421)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=4072)
          0.23465353 = weight(abstract_txt:measurement in 4072) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.23465353 = score(doc=4072,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.36157852 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.3497424 = boost
                6.922344 = idf(docFreq=118, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01200842 = queryNorm
              0.64896977 = fieldWeight in 4072, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.922344 = idf(docFreq=118, maxDocs=44421)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=4072)
          0.51662636 = weight(abstract_txt:ambiguity in 4072) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.51662636 = score(doc=4072,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.7709844 = queryWeight, product of:
                8.982558 = boost
                7.1475906 = idf(docFreq=94, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01200842 = queryNorm
              0.6700866 = fieldWeight in 4072, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                7.1475906 = idf(docFreq=94, maxDocs=44421)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=4072)
        0.2 = coord(5/25)
    
  5. Milani, S.O.; Pinho, F.A.: Knowledge representation and orthophemism : a reflection aiming to a concept (2012) 0.13
    0.13126954 = sum of:
      0.13126954 = product of:
        0.4688198 = sum of:
          0.0080825025 = weight(abstract_txt:more in 1426) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.0080825025 = score(doc=1426,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.043517165 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0670322 = boost
                3.3962307 = idf(docFreq=4044, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01200842 = queryNorm
              0.18573137 = fieldWeight in 1426, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.3962307 = idf(docFreq=4044, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1426)
          0.014705139 = weight(abstract_txt:when in 1426) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.014705139 = score(doc=1426,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.0648549 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3026227 = boost
                4.1460857 = idf(docFreq=1910, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01200842 = queryNorm
              0.22673906 = fieldWeight in 1426, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.1460857 = idf(docFreq=1910, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1426)
          0.017951677 = weight(abstract_txt:should in 1426) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.017951677 = score(doc=1426,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.07407984 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.392186 = boost
                4.4311547 = idf(docFreq=1436, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01200842 = queryNorm
              0.24232878 = fieldWeight in 1426, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.4311547 = idf(docFreq=1436, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1426)
          0.007718928 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 1426) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.007718928 = score(doc=1426,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.042202163 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.4860369 = boost
                2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01200842 = queryNorm
              0.18290362 = fieldWeight in 1426, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                2.3649352 = idf(docFreq=11344, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1426)
          0.035046857 = weight(abstract_txt:certain in 1426) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.035046857 = score(doc=1426,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.11571672 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.7399842 = boost
                5.5381527 = idf(docFreq=474, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01200842 = queryNorm
              0.3028677 = fieldWeight in 1426, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.5381527 = idf(docFreq=474, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1426)
          0.08394931 = weight(abstract_txt:preferred in 1426) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.08394931 = score(doc=1426,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.16442384 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.0740998 = boost
                6.601601 = idf(docFreq=163, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01200842 = queryNorm
              0.51056653 = fieldWeight in 1426, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                6.601601 = idf(docFreq=163, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1426)
          0.30136538 = weight(abstract_txt:ambiguity in 1426) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.30136538 = score(doc=1426,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.7709844 = queryWeight, product of:
                8.982558 = boost
                7.1475906 = idf(docFreq=94, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01200842 = queryNorm
              0.39088386 = fieldWeight in 1426, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                7.1475906 = idf(docFreq=94, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=1426)
        0.28 = coord(7/25)