Document (#12277)

Author
Chan, H.C.
Title
Naturalness of graphical queries based on the entity relationship model
Source
Journal of database management. 6(1995) no.3, S.3-13
Year
1995
Abstract
Graphical queries involving 14 different query concepts were used in a study with 27 subjects. The results show that well designed graphical queries can be comprehended without teaching. Not so well designed queries are difficult to comprehend. The natural ability to specify graphical queries is not as good. The results identify clearly those concepts that are naturally easy to specify, and those that are difficult. The findings can be used for designing graphical interfaces, as well as for designing training packages
Theme
OPAC

Similar documents (author)

  1. Chan, L.M.: Year's work in cataloging and classification : 1975 (1976) 4.56
    4.564024 = sum of:
      4.564024 = weight(author_txt:chan in 307) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        4.564024 = fieldWeight in 307, product of:
          1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
            1.0 = termFreq=1.0
          7.3024383 = idf(docFreq=80, maxDocs=44218)
          0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=307)
    
  2. Chan, L.M.: 'American poetry' but 'Satire, American' : the direct and inverted forms of subject headings containing national adjectives (1973) 4.56
    4.564024 = sum of:
      4.564024 = weight(author_txt:chan in 382) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        4.564024 = fieldWeight in 382, product of:
          1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
            1.0 = termFreq=1.0
          7.3024383 = idf(docFreq=80, maxDocs=44218)
          0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=382)
    
  3. Chan, L.M.: Library of Congress Classification as an online retrieval tool : potentials and limitations (1986) 4.56
    4.564024 = sum of:
      4.564024 = weight(author_txt:chan in 1145) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        4.564024 = fieldWeight in 1145, product of:
          1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
            1.0 = termFreq=1.0
          7.3024383 = idf(docFreq=80, maxDocs=44218)
          0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=1145)
    
  4. Chan, L.M.: Library of Congress class numbers in online catalog searching (1989) 4.56
    4.564024 = sum of:
      4.564024 = weight(author_txt:chan in 1146) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        4.564024 = fieldWeight in 1146, product of:
          1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
            1.0 = termFreq=1.0
          7.3024383 = idf(docFreq=80, maxDocs=44218)
          0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=1146)
    
  5. Chan, L.M.: Dewey 18: another step in an evolutionary step (1972) 4.56
    4.564024 = sum of:
      4.564024 = weight(author_txt:chan in 1780) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
        4.564024 = fieldWeight in 1780, product of:
          1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
            1.0 = termFreq=1.0
          7.3024383 = idf(docFreq=80, maxDocs=44218)
          0.625 = fieldNorm(doc=1780)
    

Similar documents (content)

  1. Young, D.; Shneiderman, B.: ¬A graphical filter/flow representation of Boolean queries : a prototype implementation and evaluation (1993) 0.20
    0.20078495 = sum of:
      0.20078495 = product of:
        1.2549059 = sum of:
          0.020840125 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 5816) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.020840125 = score(doc=5816,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.046908 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3110034 = boost
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015100486 = queryNorm
              0.44427657 = fieldWeight in 5816, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.1875 = fieldNorm(doc=5816)
          0.1261662 = weight(abstract_txt:designed in 5816) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.1261662 = score(doc=5816,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.13611676 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.8234361 = boost
                4.9434495 = idf(docFreq=856, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015100486 = queryNorm
              0.9268968 = fieldWeight in 5816, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.9434495 = idf(docFreq=856, maxDocs=44218)
                0.1875 = fieldNorm(doc=5816)
          0.3476839 = weight(abstract_txt:queries in 5816) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.3476839 = score(doc=5816,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.3631221 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.7090263 = boost
                5.106586 = idf(docFreq=727, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015100486 = queryNorm
              0.95748484 = fieldWeight in 5816, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.106586 = idf(docFreq=727, maxDocs=44218)
                0.1875 = fieldNorm(doc=5816)
          0.7602157 = weight(abstract_txt:graphical in 5816) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.7602157 = score(doc=5816,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.6117221 = queryWeight, product of:
                6.111979 = boost
                6.627983 = idf(docFreq=158, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015100486 = queryNorm
              1.2427468 = fieldWeight in 5816, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.627983 = idf(docFreq=158, maxDocs=44218)
                0.1875 = fieldNorm(doc=5816)
        0.16 = coord(4/25)
    
  2. Golovchinsky, G.; Chignell, M.H.: ¬The newspaper as an information exploration metaphor (1997) 0.18
    0.18246159 = sum of:
      0.18246159 = product of:
        0.76025665 = sum of:
          0.01649633 = weight(abstract_txt:used in 1464) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.01649633 = score(doc=1464,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.06285628 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2391078 = boost
                3.3592992 = idf(docFreq=4177, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015100486 = queryNorm
              0.26244524 = fieldWeight in 1464, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.3592992 = idf(docFreq=4177, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1464)
          0.018377466 = weight(abstract_txt:results in 1464) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.018377466 = score(doc=1464,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.06754826 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2845229 = boost
                3.482422 = idf(docFreq=3693, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015100486 = queryNorm
              0.27206424 = fieldWeight in 1464, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.482422 = idf(docFreq=3693, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1464)
          0.017366773 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 1464) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.017366773 = score(doc=1464,freq=4.0), product of:
              0.046908 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3110034 = boost
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015100486 = queryNorm
              0.3702305 = fieldWeight in 1464, product of:
                2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                  4.0 = termFreq=4.0
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1464)
          0.18638478 = weight(abstract_txt:specify in 1464) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.18638478 = score(doc=1464,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.31649297 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.780461 = boost
                7.538004 = idf(docFreq=63, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015100486 = queryNorm
              0.5889065 = fieldWeight in 1464, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                7.538004 = idf(docFreq=63, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1464)
          0.20487472 = weight(abstract_txt:queries in 1464) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.20487472 = score(doc=1464,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.3631221 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.7090263 = boost
                5.106586 = idf(docFreq=727, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015100486 = queryNorm
              0.5642034 = fieldWeight in 1464, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                5.106586 = idf(docFreq=727, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1464)
          0.31675655 = weight(abstract_txt:graphical in 1464) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.31675655 = score(doc=1464,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.6117221 = queryWeight, product of:
                6.111979 = boost
                6.627983 = idf(docFreq=158, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015100486 = queryNorm
              0.5178112 = fieldWeight in 1464, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.627983 = idf(docFreq=158, maxDocs=44218)
                0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1464)
        0.24 = coord(6/25)
    
  3. Campos, L.M.; Fernez-Luna, J.M.; Huste, J.: Managing documents with Bayesian belief networks : a brief survey of applications and models (2003) 0.18
    0.17686582 = sum of:
      0.17686582 = product of:
        0.4912939 = sum of:
          0.026074884 = weight(abstract_txt:good in 2754) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.026074884 = score(doc=2754,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.08586773 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.0240821 = boost
                5.5527015 = idf(docFreq=465, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015100486 = queryNorm
              0.30366337 = fieldWeight in 2754, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.5527015 = idf(docFreq=465, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2754)
          0.011547432 = weight(abstract_txt:used in 2754) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.011547432 = score(doc=2754,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.06285628 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2391078 = boost
                3.3592992 = idf(docFreq=4177, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015100486 = queryNorm
              0.18371168 = fieldWeight in 2754, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.3592992 = idf(docFreq=4177, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2754)
          0.012864226 = weight(abstract_txt:results in 2754) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.012864226 = score(doc=2754,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.06754826 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2845229 = boost
                3.482422 = idf(docFreq=3693, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015100486 = queryNorm
              0.19044496 = fieldWeight in 2754, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.482422 = idf(docFreq=3693, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2754)
          0.013591647 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 2754) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.013591647 = score(doc=2754,freq=5.0), product of:
              0.046908 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3110034 = boost
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015100486 = queryNorm
              0.28975117 = fieldWeight in 2754, product of:
                2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                  5.0 = termFreq=5.0
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2754)
          0.028754743 = weight(abstract_txt:concepts in 2754) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.028754743 = score(doc=2754,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.11547768 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.6795146 = boost
                4.5532694 = idf(docFreq=1265, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015100486 = queryNorm
              0.24900693 = fieldWeight in 2754, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.5532694 = idf(docFreq=1265, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2754)
          0.03679847 = weight(abstract_txt:designed in 2754) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.03679847 = score(doc=2754,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.13611676 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.8234361 = boost
                4.9434495 = idf(docFreq=856, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015100486 = queryNorm
              0.27034488 = fieldWeight in 2754, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.9434495 = idf(docFreq=856, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2754)
          0.038525127 = weight(abstract_txt:well in 2754) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.038525127 = score(doc=2754,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.1275092 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.1614797 = boost
                3.9066048 = idf(docFreq=2416, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015100486 = queryNorm
              0.30213603 = fieldWeight in 2754, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                3.9066048 = idf(docFreq=2416, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2754)
          0.10140781 = weight(abstract_txt:queries in 2754) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.10140781 = score(doc=2754,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.3631221 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.7090263 = boost
                5.106586 = idf(docFreq=727, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015100486 = queryNorm
              0.27926642 = fieldWeight in 2754, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.106586 = idf(docFreq=727, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2754)
          0.22172958 = weight(abstract_txt:graphical in 2754) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.22172958 = score(doc=2754,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.6117221 = queryWeight, product of:
                6.111979 = boost
                6.627983 = idf(docFreq=158, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015100486 = queryNorm
              0.36246783 = fieldWeight in 2754, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.627983 = idf(docFreq=158, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2754)
        0.36 = coord(9/25)
    
  4. Sy, M.-F.; Ranwez, S.; Montmain, J.; Ragnault, A.; Crampes, M.; Ranwez, V.: User centered and ontology based information retrieval system for life sciences (2012) 0.16
    0.16147049 = sum of:
      0.16147049 = product of:
        0.5766803 = sum of:
          0.011547432 = weight(abstract_txt:used in 699) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.011547432 = score(doc=699,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.06285628 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2391078 = boost
                3.3592992 = idf(docFreq=4177, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015100486 = queryNorm
              0.18371168 = fieldWeight in 699, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.3592992 = idf(docFreq=4177, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=699)
          0.022281494 = weight(abstract_txt:results in 699) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.022281494 = score(doc=699,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.06754826 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2845229 = boost
                3.482422 = idf(docFreq=3693, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015100486 = queryNorm
              0.32986036 = fieldWeight in 699, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                3.482422 = idf(docFreq=3693, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=699)
          0.013591647 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 699) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.013591647 = score(doc=699,freq=5.0), product of:
              0.046908 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3110034 = boost
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015100486 = queryNorm
              0.28975117 = fieldWeight in 699, product of:
                2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                  5.0 = termFreq=5.0
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=699)
          0.040665343 = weight(abstract_txt:concepts in 699) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.040665343 = score(doc=699,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.11547768 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.6795146 = boost
                4.5532694 = idf(docFreq=1265, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015100486 = queryNorm
              0.35214895 = fieldWeight in 699, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                4.5532694 = idf(docFreq=1265, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=699)
          0.07361363 = weight(abstract_txt:designing in 699) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.07361363 = score(doc=699,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.21610455 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.2975593 = boost
                6.228827 = idf(docFreq=236, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015100486 = queryNorm
              0.34063897 = fieldWeight in 699, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.228827 = idf(docFreq=236, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=699)
          0.10140781 = weight(abstract_txt:queries in 699) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.10140781 = score(doc=699,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.3631221 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.7090263 = boost
                5.106586 = idf(docFreq=727, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015100486 = queryNorm
              0.27926642 = fieldWeight in 699, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.106586 = idf(docFreq=727, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=699)
          0.31357297 = weight(abstract_txt:graphical in 699) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.31357297 = score(doc=699,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.6117221 = queryWeight, product of:
                6.111979 = boost
                6.627983 = idf(docFreq=158, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015100486 = queryNorm
              0.5126069 = fieldWeight in 699, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                6.627983 = idf(docFreq=158, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=699)
        0.28 = coord(7/25)
    
  5. Shi, X.; Yang, C.C.: Mining related queries from Web search engine query logs using an improved association rule mining model (2007) 0.15
    0.15192921 = sum of:
      0.15192921 = product of:
        0.5426043 = sum of:
          0.03830472 = weight(abstract_txt:easy in 597) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.03830472 = score(doc=597,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.10151307 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.1134757 = boost
                6.037405 = idf(docFreq=286, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015100486 = queryNorm
              0.3773378 = fieldWeight in 597, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                6.037405 = idf(docFreq=286, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=597)
          0.014701972 = weight(abstract_txt:results in 597) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.014701972 = score(doc=597,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.06754826 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.2845229 = boost
                3.482422 = idf(docFreq=3693, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015100486 = queryNorm
              0.21765138 = fieldWeight in 597, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.482422 = idf(docFreq=3693, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=597)
          0.0069467085 = weight(abstract_txt:that in 597) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.0069467085 = score(doc=597,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.046908 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.3110034 = boost
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015100486 = queryNorm
              0.1480922 = fieldWeight in 597, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                2.3694751 = idf(docFreq=11241, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=597)
          0.027915876 = weight(abstract_txt:those in 597) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.027915876 = score(doc=597,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.10357731 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.5906223 = boost
                4.312277 = idf(docFreq=1610, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015100486 = queryNorm
              0.2695173 = fieldWeight in 597, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.312277 = idf(docFreq=1610, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=597)
          0.057111 = weight(abstract_txt:difficult in 597) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.057111 = score(doc=597,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.16692074 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.0192492 = boost
                5.474311 = idf(docFreq=503, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015100486 = queryNorm
              0.34214443 = fieldWeight in 597, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.474311 = idf(docFreq=503, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=597)
          0.031133005 = weight(abstract_txt:well in 597) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.031133005 = score(doc=597,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.1275092 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.1614797 = boost
                3.9066048 = idf(docFreq=2416, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015100486 = queryNorm
              0.2441628 = fieldWeight in 597, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.9066048 = idf(docFreq=2416, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=597)
          0.36649105 = weight(abstract_txt:queries in 597) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.36649105 = score(doc=597,freq=10.0), product of:
              0.3631221 = queryWeight, product of:
                4.7090263 = boost
                5.106586 = idf(docFreq=727, maxDocs=44218)
                0.015100486 = queryNorm
              1.0092777 = fieldWeight in 597, product of:
                3.1622777 = tf(freq=10.0), with freq of:
                  10.0 = termFreq=10.0
                5.106586 = idf(docFreq=727, maxDocs=44218)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=597)
        0.28 = coord(7/25)