Document (#11914)

Author
Tifft, R.
Title
¬The growth and development of information and referral in library services : a selective history and review of some recent developments
Source
Reference librarian. 1988, no.21, S.229-259
Year
1988
Abstract
Community information systems originated with the field of social services but was soon adapted by public libraries in the 60s. Because it is a recent development in library services, there have been a wide range of interpretations as public libraries have attempted to incorporate these services into the more traditional library services. Presents a selective overview of the history of community information services and a review of current developments in the field.
Theme
Informationsdienstleistungen

Similar documents (content)

  1. Joint, N.: Virtual reference, Second Life and traditional library enquiry services : ANTAEUS (2008) 0.25
    0.25104743 = sum of:
      0.25104743 = product of:
        0.69735396 = sum of:
          0.015839482 = weight(abstract_txt:have in 3965) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.015839482 = score(doc=3965,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.079212554 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.313757 = boost
                3.199388 = idf(docFreq=4924, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01884569 = queryNorm
              0.19996175 = fieldWeight in 3965, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.199388 = idf(docFreq=4924, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3965)
          0.037079662 = weight(abstract_txt:libraries in 3965) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.037079662 = score(doc=3965,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.11084444 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.5540857 = boost
                3.78466 = idf(docFreq=2742, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01884569 = queryNorm
              0.33451983 = fieldWeight in 3965, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                3.78466 = idf(docFreq=2742, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3965)
          0.02750494 = weight(abstract_txt:development in 3965) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.02750494 = score(doc=3965,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.11443894 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.579083 = boost
                3.8455355 = idf(docFreq=2580, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01884569 = queryNorm
              0.24034597 = fieldWeight in 3965, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.8455355 = idf(docFreq=2580, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3965)
          0.052605726 = weight(abstract_txt:library in 3965) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.052605726 = score(doc=3965,freq=5.0), product of:
              0.11803998 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.9641662 = boost
                3.188885 = idf(docFreq=4976, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01884569 = queryNorm
              0.44566023 = fieldWeight in 3965, product of:
                2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                  5.0 = termFreq=5.0
                3.188885 = idf(docFreq=4976, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3965)
          0.054757968 = weight(abstract_txt:review in 3965) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.054757968 = score(doc=3965,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.18110548 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.9864783 = boost
                4.837664 = idf(docFreq=956, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01884569 = queryNorm
              0.302354 = fieldWeight in 3965, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.837664 = idf(docFreq=956, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3965)
          0.095650285 = weight(abstract_txt:recent in 3965) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.095650285 = score(doc=3965,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.18213098 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.9920945 = boost
                4.8513412 = idf(docFreq=943, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01884569 = queryNorm
              0.52517307 = fieldWeight in 3965, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                4.8513412 = idf(docFreq=943, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3965)
          0.059649862 = weight(abstract_txt:history in 3965) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.059649862 = score(doc=3965,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.19173719 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.0439544 = boost
                4.9776354 = idf(docFreq=831, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01884569 = queryNorm
              0.3111022 = fieldWeight in 3965, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.9776354 = idf(docFreq=831, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3965)
          0.07021724 = weight(abstract_txt:developments in 3965) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.07021724 = score(doc=3965,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.21376136 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.158155 = boost
                5.255748 = idf(docFreq=629, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01884569 = queryNorm
              0.32848424 = fieldWeight in 3965, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                5.255748 = idf(docFreq=629, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3965)
          0.28404877 = weight(abstract_txt:services in 3965) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.28404877 = score(doc=3965,freq=7.0), product of:
              0.40916932 = queryWeight, product of:
                5.171663 = boost
                4.198178 = idf(docFreq=1813, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01884569 = queryNorm
              0.6942084 = fieldWeight in 3965, product of:
                2.6457512 = tf(freq=7.0), with freq of:
                  7.0 = termFreq=7.0
                4.198178 = idf(docFreq=1813, maxDocs=44421)
                0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=3965)
        0.36 = coord(9/25)
    
  2. Cross, A.: Infocentre at Hertfordshire libraries (1995) 0.22
    0.2214502 = sum of:
      0.2214502 = product of:
        0.79089355 = sum of:
          0.031678963 = weight(abstract_txt:have in 2676) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.031678963 = score(doc=2676,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.079212554 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.313757 = boost
                3.199388 = idf(docFreq=4924, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01884569 = queryNorm
              0.3999235 = fieldWeight in 2676, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.199388 = idf(docFreq=4924, maxDocs=44421)
                0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=2676)
          0.050302617 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 2676) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.050302617 = score(doc=2676,freq=6.0), product of:
              0.067918345 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.4899002 = boost
                2.4188995 = idf(docFreq=10748, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01884569 = queryNorm
              0.7406337 = fieldWeight in 2676, product of:
                2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                  6.0 = termFreq=6.0
                2.4188995 = idf(docFreq=10748, maxDocs=44421)
                0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=2676)
          0.05243857 = weight(abstract_txt:libraries in 2676) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.05243857 = score(doc=2676,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.11084444 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.5540857 = boost
                3.78466 = idf(docFreq=2742, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01884569 = queryNorm
              0.4730825 = fieldWeight in 2676, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.78466 = idf(docFreq=2742, maxDocs=44421)
                0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=2676)
          0.13342407 = weight(abstract_txt:public in 2676) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.13342407 = score(doc=2676,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.16396816 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.8901566 = boost
                4.603092 = idf(docFreq=1209, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01884569 = queryNorm
              0.8137194 = fieldWeight in 2676, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                4.603092 = idf(docFreq=1209, maxDocs=44421)
                0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=2676)
          0.10409018 = weight(abstract_txt:community in 2676) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.10409018 = score(doc=2676,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.17507328 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.9531157 = boost
                4.7564163 = idf(docFreq=1037, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01884569 = queryNorm
              0.59455204 = fieldWeight in 2676, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.7564163 = idf(docFreq=1037, maxDocs=44421)
                0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=2676)
          0.04705199 = weight(abstract_txt:library in 2676) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.04705199 = score(doc=2676,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.11803998 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.9641662 = boost
                3.188885 = idf(docFreq=4976, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01884569 = queryNorm
              0.39861062 = fieldWeight in 2676, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.188885 = idf(docFreq=4976, maxDocs=44421)
                0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=2676)
          0.37190714 = weight(abstract_txt:services in 2676) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.37190714 = score(doc=2676,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.40916932 = queryWeight, product of:
                5.171663 = boost
                4.198178 = idf(docFreq=1813, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01884569 = queryNorm
              0.90893215 = fieldWeight in 2676, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                4.198178 = idf(docFreq=1813, maxDocs=44421)
                0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=2676)
        0.28 = coord(7/25)
    
  3. Schwartz, C.: Thesauri and facets and tags, Oh my! : a look at three decades in subject analysis (2008) 0.21
    0.2083414 = sum of:
      0.2083414 = product of:
        0.74407643 = sum of:
          0.03360061 = weight(abstract_txt:have in 566) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.03360061 = score(doc=566,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.079212554 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.313757 = boost
                3.199388 = idf(docFreq=4924, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01884569 = queryNorm
              0.4241829 = fieldWeight in 566, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                3.199388 = idf(docFreq=4924, maxDocs=44421)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=566)
          0.026676988 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 566) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.026676988 = score(doc=566,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.067918345 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.4899002 = boost
                2.4188995 = idf(docFreq=10748, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01884569 = queryNorm
              0.3927803 = fieldWeight in 566, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                2.4188995 = idf(docFreq=10748, maxDocs=44421)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=566)
          0.06560191 = weight(abstract_txt:field in 566) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.06560191 = score(doc=566,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.15590146 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.8430755 = boost
                4.4884357 = idf(docFreq=1356, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01884569 = queryNorm
              0.42079085 = fieldWeight in 566, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.4884357 = idf(docFreq=1356, maxDocs=44421)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=566)
          0.07806763 = weight(abstract_txt:community in 566) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.07806763 = score(doc=566,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.17507328 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.9531157 = boost
                4.7564163 = idf(docFreq=1037, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01884569 = queryNorm
              0.44591403 = fieldWeight in 566, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.7564163 = idf(docFreq=1037, maxDocs=44421)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=566)
          0.08213695 = weight(abstract_txt:review in 566) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.08213695 = score(doc=566,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.18110548 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.9864783 = boost
                4.837664 = idf(docFreq=956, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01884569 = queryNorm
              0.45353103 = fieldWeight in 566, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.837664 = idf(docFreq=956, maxDocs=44421)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=566)
          0.2969518 = weight(abstract_txt:selective in 566) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.2969518 = score(doc=566,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.42660883 = queryWeight, product of:
                3.0488281 = boost
                7.4248013 = idf(docFreq=71, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01884569 = queryNorm
              0.69607514 = fieldWeight in 566, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                7.4248013 = idf(docFreq=71, maxDocs=44421)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=566)
          0.16104053 = weight(abstract_txt:services in 566) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.16104053 = score(doc=566,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.40916932 = queryWeight, product of:
                5.171663 = boost
                4.198178 = idf(docFreq=1813, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01884569 = queryNorm
              0.39357919 = fieldWeight in 566, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.198178 = idf(docFreq=1813, maxDocs=44421)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=566)
        0.28 = coord(7/25)
    
  4. Kerslake, E.; Kinnel, M.: ¬The social impact of public libraries : a literatur review (1997) 0.21
    0.20505452 = sum of:
      0.20505452 = product of:
        0.7323376 = sum of:
          0.06488941 = weight(abstract_txt:libraries in 3985) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.06488941 = score(doc=3985,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.11084444 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.5540857 = boost
                3.78466 = idf(docFreq=2742, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01884569 = queryNorm
              0.5854097 = fieldWeight in 3985, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                3.78466 = idf(docFreq=2742, maxDocs=44421)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=3985)
          0.06807125 = weight(abstract_txt:development in 3985) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.06807125 = score(doc=3985,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.11443894 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.579083 = boost
                3.8455355 = idf(docFreq=2580, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01884569 = queryNorm
              0.5948259 = fieldWeight in 3985, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                3.8455355 = idf(docFreq=2580, maxDocs=44421)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=3985)
          0.11674607 = weight(abstract_txt:public in 3985) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.11674607 = score(doc=3985,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.16396816 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.8901566 = boost
                4.603092 = idf(docFreq=1209, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01884569 = queryNorm
              0.7120045 = fieldWeight in 3985, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                4.603092 = idf(docFreq=1209, maxDocs=44421)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=3985)
          0.15775329 = weight(abstract_txt:community in 3985) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.15775329 = score(doc=3985,freq=3.0), product of:
              0.17507328 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.9531157 = boost
                4.7564163 = idf(docFreq=1037, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01884569 = queryNorm
              0.90107006 = fieldWeight in 3985, product of:
                1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                  3.0 = termFreq=3.0
                4.7564163 = idf(docFreq=1037, maxDocs=44421)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=3985)
          0.041170493 = weight(abstract_txt:library in 3985) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.041170493 = score(doc=3985,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.11803998 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.9641662 = boost
                3.188885 = idf(docFreq=4976, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01884569 = queryNorm
              0.3487843 = fieldWeight in 3985, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.188885 = idf(docFreq=4976, maxDocs=44421)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=3985)
          0.09582644 = weight(abstract_txt:review in 3985) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.09582644 = score(doc=3985,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.18110548 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.9864783 = boost
                4.837664 = idf(docFreq=956, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01884569 = queryNorm
              0.5291195 = fieldWeight in 3985, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.837664 = idf(docFreq=956, maxDocs=44421)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=3985)
          0.1878806 = weight(abstract_txt:services in 3985) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.1878806 = score(doc=3985,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.40916932 = queryWeight, product of:
                5.171663 = boost
                4.198178 = idf(docFreq=1813, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01884569 = queryNorm
              0.4591757 = fieldWeight in 3985, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.198178 = idf(docFreq=1813, maxDocs=44421)
                0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=3985)
        0.28 = coord(7/25)
    
  5. Creber, J.: Public libraries as information providers (1994) 0.20
    0.20450515 = sum of:
      0.20450515 = product of:
        0.6390786 = sum of:
          0.021781672 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 8167) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.021781672 = score(doc=8167,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.067918345 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.4899002 = boost
                2.4188995 = idf(docFreq=10748, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01884569 = queryNorm
              0.3207038 = fieldWeight in 8167, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                2.4188995 = idf(docFreq=10748, maxDocs=44421)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=8167)
          0.039328925 = weight(abstract_txt:libraries in 8167) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.039328925 = score(doc=8167,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.11084444 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.5540857 = boost
                3.78466 = idf(docFreq=2742, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01884569 = queryNorm
              0.35481188 = fieldWeight in 8167, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.78466 = idf(docFreq=2742, maxDocs=44421)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=8167)
          0.041257408 = weight(abstract_txt:development in 8167) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.041257408 = score(doc=8167,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.11443894 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.579083 = boost
                3.8455355 = idf(docFreq=2580, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01884569 = queryNorm
              0.36051896 = fieldWeight in 8167, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                3.8455355 = idf(docFreq=2580, maxDocs=44421)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=8167)
          0.1582215 = weight(abstract_txt:public in 8167) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.1582215 = score(doc=8167,freq=5.0), product of:
              0.16396816 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.8901566 = boost
                4.603092 = idf(docFreq=1209, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01884569 = queryNorm
              0.9649526 = fieldWeight in 8167, product of:
                2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                  5.0 = termFreq=5.0
                4.603092 = idf(docFreq=1209, maxDocs=44421)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=8167)
          0.07806763 = weight(abstract_txt:community in 8167) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.07806763 = score(doc=8167,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.17507328 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.9531157 = boost
                4.7564163 = idf(docFreq=1037, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01884569 = queryNorm
              0.44591403 = fieldWeight in 8167, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.7564163 = idf(docFreq=1037, maxDocs=44421)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=8167)
          0.04990617 = weight(abstract_txt:library in 8167) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.04990617 = score(doc=8167,freq=2.0), product of:
              0.11803998 = queryWeight, product of:
                1.9641662 = boost
                3.188885 = idf(docFreq=4976, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01884569 = queryNorm
              0.4227904 = fieldWeight in 8167, product of:
                1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                  2.0 = termFreq=2.0
                3.188885 = idf(docFreq=4976, maxDocs=44421)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=8167)
          0.0894748 = weight(abstract_txt:history in 8167) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.0894748 = score(doc=8167,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.19173719 = queryWeight, product of:
                2.0439544 = boost
                4.9776354 = idf(docFreq=831, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01884569 = queryNorm
              0.46665332 = fieldWeight in 8167, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.9776354 = idf(docFreq=831, maxDocs=44421)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=8167)
          0.16104053 = weight(abstract_txt:services in 8167) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
            0.16104053 = score(doc=8167,freq=1.0), product of:
              0.40916932 = queryWeight, product of:
                5.171663 = boost
                4.198178 = idf(docFreq=1813, maxDocs=44421)
                0.01884569 = queryNorm
              0.39357919 = fieldWeight in 8167, product of:
                1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                  1.0 = termFreq=1.0
                4.198178 = idf(docFreq=1813, maxDocs=44421)
                0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=8167)
        0.32 = coord(8/25)