Document (#10584)

Author

Parrott, R.

Title

Simulation of the reference process : Part 2: REFSIM, an implementation with expert and ICAI modes

Source

Reference librarian. 1989, no.23, S.153-176

Year

1989

Abstract

Exploring the advantages of a simulation (rather than expert systems) approach to designing a system to relieve reference desk overload. REFSIM can simulate a reference librarian, a teacher of reference librarians and a client, singly or in combination. It has an expert system consultation mode and several Intelligent Computer-Assisted Instruction (ICAI) modes. The components and architecture of REFSIM are described. Details, including a sample transaction, are given for the expert system mode, wich is to be used for consultation by library clients. An overview is supplied for 2 ICAI modes, wich can be used to instruct clients or train reference librarians.

Theme

Informationsdienstleistungen

Object

REFSIM
ICAI (Intelligent Computer Assisted Instruction)

Similar documents (content)

1. Smith, D.E.: Reference expert systems : humanizing depersonalized service (1989) 0.14

   0.13531601 = sum of:
     0.13531601 = product of:
       0.6765801 = sum of:
         0.014549824 = weight(abstract_txt:used in 1513) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.014549824 = score(doc=1513,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.05543947 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0793594 = boost
               3.3592992 = idf(docFreq=4177, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015289888 = queryNorm
             0.26244524 = fieldWeight in 1513, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.3592992 = idf(docFreq=4177, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1513)
         0.12641902 = weight(abstract_txt:simulate in 1513) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.12641902 = score(doc=1513,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.18597111 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.397862 = boost
               8.701155 = idf(docFreq=19, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015289888 = queryNorm
             0.67977774 = fieldWeight in 1513, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               8.701155 = idf(docFreq=19, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1513)
         0.044158556 = weight(abstract_txt:system in 1513) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.044158556 = score(doc=1513,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.08380454 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.625309 = boost
               3.3723085 = idf(docFreq=4123, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015289888 = queryNorm
             0.5269232 = fieldWeight in 1513, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               3.3723085 = idf(docFreq=4123, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1513)
         0.1705602 = weight(abstract_txt:reference in 1513) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.1705602 = score(doc=1513,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.24460144 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.5847268 = boost
               4.46271 = idf(docFreq=1385, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015289888 = queryNorm
             0.6972984 = fieldWeight in 1513, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               4.46271 = idf(docFreq=1385, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1513)
         0.32089245 = weight(abstract_txt:expert in 1513) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.32089245 = score(doc=1513,freq=5.0), product of:
             0.32124785 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.6744442 = boost
               5.7180014 = idf(docFreq=394, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015289888 = queryNorm
             0.99889374 = fieldWeight in 1513, product of:
               2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
                 5.0 = termFreq=5.0
               5.7180014 = idf(docFreq=394, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1513)
       0.2 = coord(5/25)
   

2. Butkovich, N.J.; Browning, M.M.; Taylor, K.L.: ¬The Reference Expert : a coputerized database utilizing INMAGIC and a WORM drive (1991) 0.13

   0.12575293 = sum of:
     0.12575293 = product of:
       0.6287646 = sum of:
         0.017459791 = weight(abstract_txt:used in 5597) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.017459791 = score(doc=5597,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.05543947 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0793594 = boost
               3.3592992 = idf(docFreq=4177, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015289888 = queryNorm
             0.3149343 = fieldWeight in 5597, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.3592992 = idf(docFreq=4177, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=5597)
         0.090598226 = weight(abstract_txt:desk in 5597) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.090598226 = score(doc=5597,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.13188523 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1771712 = boost
               7.3274393 = idf(docFreq=78, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015289888 = queryNorm
             0.68694746 = fieldWeight in 5597, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.3274393 = idf(docFreq=78, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=5597)
         0.026495133 = weight(abstract_txt:system in 5597) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.026495133 = score(doc=5597,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08380454 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.625309 = boost
               3.3723085 = idf(docFreq=4123, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015289888 = queryNorm
             0.3161539 = fieldWeight in 5597, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.3723085 = idf(docFreq=4123, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=5597)
         0.25067127 = weight(abstract_txt:reference in 5597) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.25067127 = score(doc=5597,freq=6.0), product of:
             0.24460144 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.5847268 = boost
               4.46271 = idf(docFreq=1385, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015289888 = queryNorm
             1.0248152 = fieldWeight in 5597, product of:
               2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
                 6.0 = termFreq=6.0
               4.46271 = idf(docFreq=1385, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=5597)
         0.24354026 = weight(abstract_txt:expert in 5597) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.24354026 = score(doc=5597,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.32124785 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.6744442 = boost
               5.7180014 = idf(docFreq=394, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015289888 = queryNorm
             0.75810707 = fieldWeight in 5597, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               5.7180014 = idf(docFreq=394, maxDocs=44218)
               0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=5597)
       0.2 = coord(5/25)
   

3. Davenport, E.; Procter, R.; Goldenberg, A.: Distributed expertise : remote reference service on a metropolitan area network (1997) 0.13

   0.12558194 = sum of:
     0.12558194 = product of:
       0.5232581 = sum of:
         0.060398813 = weight(abstract_txt:desk in 87) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.060398813 = score(doc=87,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.13188523 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1771712 = boost
               7.3274393 = idf(docFreq=78, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015289888 = queryNorm
             0.45796496 = fieldWeight in 87, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.3274393 = idf(docFreq=78, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=87)
         0.054335337 = weight(abstract_txt:librarians in 87) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.054335337 = score(doc=87,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.1073664 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.502072 = boost
               4.674911 = idf(docFreq=1120, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015289888 = queryNorm
             0.50607395 = fieldWeight in 87, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.674911 = idf(docFreq=1120, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=87)
         0.017663423 = weight(abstract_txt:system in 87) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.017663423 = score(doc=87,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08380454 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.625309 = boost
               3.3723085 = idf(docFreq=4123, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015289888 = queryNorm
             0.21076928 = fieldWeight in 87, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.3723085 = idf(docFreq=4123, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=87)
         0.13960636 = weight(abstract_txt:consultation in 87) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.13960636 = score(doc=87,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.2904852 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.4706917 = boost
               7.689554 = idf(docFreq=54, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015289888 = queryNorm
             0.48059714 = fieldWeight in 87, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.689554 = idf(docFreq=54, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=87)
         0.13644816 = weight(abstract_txt:reference in 87) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.13644816 = score(doc=87,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.24460144 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.5847268 = boost
               4.46271 = idf(docFreq=1385, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015289888 = queryNorm
             0.55783874 = fieldWeight in 87, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               4.46271 = idf(docFreq=1385, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=87)
         0.114805974 = weight(abstract_txt:expert in 87) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.114805974 = score(doc=87,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.32124785 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.6744442 = boost
               5.7180014 = idf(docFreq=394, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015289888 = queryNorm
             0.3573751 = fieldWeight in 87, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.7180014 = idf(docFreq=394, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=87)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)
   

4. Fedunok, S.: Internet One : the Binghampton University Libraries' interface to the Internet (1995) 0.12

   0.11889092 = sum of:
     0.11889092 = product of:
       0.49537885 = sum of:
         0.046376772 = weight(abstract_txt:designing in 1671) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.046376772 = score(doc=1671,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.095302485 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0006764 = boost
               6.228827 = idf(docFreq=236, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015289888 = queryNorm
             0.4866271 = fieldWeight in 1671, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               6.228827 = idf(docFreq=236, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1671)
         0.075498514 = weight(abstract_txt:desk in 1671) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.075498514 = score(doc=1671,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.13188523 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1771712 = boost
               7.3274393 = idf(docFreq=78, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015289888 = queryNorm
             0.5724562 = fieldWeight in 1671, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.3274393 = idf(docFreq=78, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1671)
         0.039213154 = weight(abstract_txt:librarians in 1671) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.039213154 = score(doc=1671,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.1073664 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.502072 = boost
               4.674911 = idf(docFreq=1120, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015289888 = queryNorm
             0.36522743 = fieldWeight in 1671, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               4.674911 = idf(docFreq=1120, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1671)
         0.044158556 = weight(abstract_txt:system in 1671) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.044158556 = score(doc=1671,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.08380454 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.625309 = boost
               3.3723085 = idf(docFreq=4123, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015289888 = queryNorm
             0.5269232 = fieldWeight in 1671, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               3.3723085 = idf(docFreq=4123, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1671)
         0.14242241 = weight(abstract_txt:clients in 1671) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.14242241 = score(doc=1671,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.2536877 = queryWeight, product of:
               2.308906 = boost
               7.1860275 = idf(docFreq=90, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015289888 = queryNorm
             0.5614084 = fieldWeight in 1671, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.1860275 = idf(docFreq=90, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1671)
         0.14770946 = weight(abstract_txt:reference in 1671) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.14770946 = score(doc=1671,freq=3.0), product of:
             0.24460144 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.5847268 = boost
               4.46271 = idf(docFreq=1385, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015289888 = queryNorm
             0.60387814 = fieldWeight in 1671, product of:
               1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
                 3.0 = termFreq=3.0
               4.46271 = idf(docFreq=1385, maxDocs=44218)
               0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=1671)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)
   

5. Stalker, J.C.; Murfin, M.E.: Why reference librarians won't disappear : a study of success in identifying answering sources for reference questions (1996) 0.12

   0.117075354 = sum of:
     0.117075354 = product of:
       0.48781398 = sum of:
         0.016461248 = weight(abstract_txt:used in 6416) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.016461248 = score(doc=6416,freq=2.0), product of:
             0.05543947 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.0793594 = boost
               3.3592992 = idf(docFreq=4177, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015289888 = queryNorm
             0.2969229 = fieldWeight in 6416, product of:
               1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                 2.0 = termFreq=2.0
               3.3592992 = idf(docFreq=4177, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=6416)
         0.060398813 = weight(abstract_txt:desk in 6416) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.060398813 = score(doc=6416,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.13188523 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.1771712 = boost
               7.3274393 = idf(docFreq=78, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015289888 = queryNorm
             0.45796496 = fieldWeight in 6416, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               7.3274393 = idf(docFreq=78, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=6416)
         0.06274104 = weight(abstract_txt:librarians in 6416) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.06274104 = score(doc=6416,freq=4.0), product of:
             0.1073664 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.502072 = boost
               4.674911 = idf(docFreq=1120, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015289888 = queryNorm
             0.5843639 = fieldWeight in 6416, product of:
               2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
                 4.0 = termFreq=4.0
               4.674911 = idf(docFreq=1120, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=6416)
         0.017663423 = weight(abstract_txt:system in 6416) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.017663423 = score(doc=6416,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.08380454 = queryWeight, product of:
               1.625309 = boost
               3.3723085 = idf(docFreq=4123, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015289888 = queryNorm
             0.21076928 = fieldWeight in 6416, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               3.3723085 = idf(docFreq=4123, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=6416)
         0.21574348 = weight(abstract_txt:reference in 6416) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.21574348 = score(doc=6416,freq=10.0), product of:
             0.24460144 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.5847268 = boost
               4.46271 = idf(docFreq=1385, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015289888 = queryNorm
             0.8820205 = fieldWeight in 6416, product of:
               3.1622777 = tf(freq=10.0), with freq of:
                 10.0 = termFreq=10.0
               4.46271 = idf(docFreq=1385, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=6416)
         0.114805974 = weight(abstract_txt:expert in 6416) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
           0.114805974 = score(doc=6416,freq=1.0), product of:
             0.32124785 = queryWeight, product of:
               3.6744442 = boost
               5.7180014 = idf(docFreq=394, maxDocs=44218)
               0.015289888 = queryNorm
             0.3573751 = fieldWeight in 6416, product of:
               1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
                 1.0 = termFreq=1.0
               5.7180014 = idf(docFreq=394, maxDocs=44218)
               0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=6416)
       0.24 = coord(6/25)